The Effect of Unplanned Pregnancy on Postpartum Depression: A Meta-Analysis (original) (raw)
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Postpartum depression among women with unintended pregnancy
Revista de Saúde Pública, 2015
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between unintended pregnancy and postpartum depression.METHODS This is a prospective cohort study conducted with 1,121 pregnant aged 18 to 49 years, who attended the prenatal program devised by the Brazilian Family Health Strategy, Recife, PE, Northeastern Brazil, between July 2005 and December 2006. We interviewed 1,121 women during pregnancy and 1,057 after childbirth. Unintended pregnancy was evaluated during the first interview and postpartum depression symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screening Scale. The crude and adjusted odds ratios for the studied association were estimated using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS The frequency for unintended pregnancy was 60.2%; 25.9% presented postpartum depression symptoms. Those who had unintended pregnancies had a higher likelihood of presenting this symptoms, even after adjusting for confounding variables (OR = 1.48; 95%CI 1.09;2.01). When the Self Reporting Questio...
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2018
This review aims to examine the prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers without prior history of depression including postpartum depression and who gave birth to healthy full-term infants. A systematic search of ClinicalTrials.gov, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and PubMed was performed for English articles from the inception of the database to November 2017, as well as a manual search of the reference lists of the included articles, and an expert panel was consulted. Across 15,895 articles, 58 articles (N=37,294 women) were included in the review. The incidence of postpartum depression was 12% [95% CI 0.04-0.20] while the overall prevalence of depression was 17% [95% CI 0.15-0.20] among healthy mothers without a prior history of depression. Prevalence was similar regardless of the type of diagnostic tool used; however, there were statistical differences in the prevalence between different geographical regions, with the Middle-East having the highest prevalence (26%, 95% CI 0.13-0.39) and Europe having the lowest (8%, 95% CI 0.05-0.11). There was no statistical difference in prevalence between different screening time points, but an increasing prevalence was observed beyond six months postpartum. Intervention studies often neglect healthy mothers. This review reports a similar prevalence rate of postpartum depression among mothers without history of depression when compared to mothers with history of depression. Thus, future studies should place equal emphasis on this neglected group of mothers so that targeted interventions and follow-ups can be introduced at appropriate time points.
Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature
Postpartum nonpsychotic depression is the most common complication of childbearing, affecting approximately 10 –15% of women and, as such, represents a considerable health problem affecting women and their families. This systematic review provides a synthesis of the recent literature pertaining to antenatal risk factors associated with developing this condition. Databases relating to the medical, psychological , and social science literature were searched using specific inclusion criteria and search terms, in order to identify studies examining antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression. Studies were identified and critically appraised in order to synthesize the current findings. The search resulted in the identification of two major meta-analyses conducted on over 14,000 subjects, as well as newer subsequent large-scale clinical studies. The results of these studies were then summarized in terms of effect sizes as defined by Cohen. The findings from the meta-analyses of over 14,000 subjects, and subsequent studies of nearly 10,000 additional subjects found that the following factors were the strongest predictors of postpartum depression: depression during pregnancy, anxiety during pregnancy, experiencing stressful life events during pregnancy or the early puerperium, low levels of social support, and a previous history of depression. Critical appraisal of the literature revealed a number of methodological and knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future research. These include examining specific risk factors in women of lower socioeconomic status, risk factors pertaining to teenage mothers, and the use of appropriate instruments assessing postpartum depression for use within different cultural groups.
Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, 2014
There are various attempts to confirm variables that could predict postpartum depression in advance. This study determined antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression in women at risk of developing this disorder. A prospective cohort study was conducted with 2279 eligible women who attended at Mazandaran province' primary health centers from 32-42 weeks of pregnancy to eighth postpartum weeks. The women were screened for symptoms of depression using the Iranian version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. An Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of > 12 indicated possible postpartum depression. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used for data analysis. A total of 2083women during 32-42 weeks of gestation participated in this study and were followed up to 8-week postpartum. Four hundred and three (19.4%) mothers yielded scores above the threshold of 12. Depression and general health state in pregnancy based on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression S...
A preliminary study on identifying specific risk factors of post-partum depression
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are important events in the life of a woman and also highly vulnerable period of various physiological and psychological illnesses. Several literatures propound that 22% young Indian mothers are showing depressive symptoms after delivery. The consequence of maternal depression is adverse both for mother and development of the child. Objective of this study was to examine the social and obstetric factors contributing post-partum depression.Methods: Women, 18-35 years of age, having four days to one-year postpartum period was taken from the tertiary care hospital settings. Terminal illness, still birth delivery and comorbid psychiatric illness was excluded. Screening and diagnosis of postpartum depression done based on international classification of diseases (ICD 10) using Edinburgh post-natal depression scale (EPDS). A comparative approach by the means of descriptive statistics was implied for data analysis where mothers with depressive symptoms ...
A study on prevalence of post-partum depression and its associated risk factors
Telangana Journal of Psychiatry, 2020
Introduction: Postnatal depression (PND) is a common psychiatric disorder and is considered a serious public health issue. It is diagnosed in about 50% of the women during first year after delivery. Objective: To assess the prevalence of PND and study the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in government Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital in Khammam, Telangana from September 2016 to March 2017. A total of 150 women after delivery were included in the study. A semi structured proforma for sociodemographic details and the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening for depressive symptoms were used to collect data from women between 1st and 8th postpartum weeks. Institutes ethics committee approval was taken and consent taken from study participants. Results: Prevalence of PND was 24%. PND showed significant association with primiparous women, husband's occupation, unplanned pregnancy and women who preferred male child but gave birth to a female child. Conclusion: PND screening should be an integral part of postnatal care, so that they are counseled early, thereby preventing future complications.
Postpartum depression and the factors affecting It: 2000-2017 Study results
Journal of Psychiatric Nursing
Postpartum depression and the factors affecting it: 2000-2017 study results Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors affecting postpartum depression. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional, descriptive systematic literature review conducted using document review as the data collection method. ULAKBİM National Databases, Medline/PubMed, Turkish Medline, Dergipark, Scopus and EBSCO were accessed using the keywords "postpartum depression / postnatal depression / puerperal depression". 39 articles published between the years 2000-2017 were included in the study. The articles were evaluated in terms of the year, sample number, research type and results and the frequency distribution of the data. Results: It is stated that 51% of the articles were published between the years of 2010-2014. The studies were conducted with women between the ages of 15-49 years. Only one study has a sample size greater than 500. More than half of the studies include the postpartum period between 0-6 months. The most significant factor affecting postpartum depression (56.4%) is a history of depression in the mother or her family. Fourteen studies targeted the relationship between the use of antiemetic drugs during pregnancy and postpartum depression and no relationship was determined. Conclusion: Predominant factors affecting postpartum depression include: history of depression in the mother or her family, unplanned pregnancies, the number of pregnancies, economic condition, and having multiple children. Midwives' awareness of these factors can guide them in follow-up and support during the postpartum period.
Frontiers in psychiatry, 2017
Postpartum depression (PPD) poses a major global public health challenge. PPD is the most common complication associated with childbirth and exerts harmful effects on children. Although hundreds of PPD studies have been published, we lack accurate global or national PPD prevalence estimates and have no clear account of why PPD appears to vary so dramatically between nations. Accordingly, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the global and national prevalence of PPD and a meta-regression to identify economic, health, social, or policy factors associated with national PPD prevalence. We conducted a systematic review of all papers reporting PPD prevalence using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. PPD prevalence and methods were extracted from each study. Random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate global and national PPD prevalence. To test for country level predictors, we drew on data from UNICEF, WHO, and the World Bank. Random effects meta-regression was used to test...
Public health reviews, 2020
Introduction: The postpartum period is recognized as a high-risk period for the development of various mood disorders like postpartum depression. Globally, postnatal depression is a serious public health problem that has a negative impact on the mother's health and child development, especially in developing countries. In Ethiopia, even though there are different primary studies conducted on postpartum depression, there is no nationally representative evidence. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression in Ethiopia. Methods: Published and unpublished articles from various electronic databases and digital libraries were accessed. This systematic review included studies that were conducted on the magnitude and factors associated with postpartum depression among postnatal women in Ethiopia. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled magnitude of postpartum depression with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Inverse variance (I 2) was used to visualize the presence of heterogeneity, and forest plot was used to estimate the pooled magnitude of postpartum depression. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger's statistical tests. A metaregression and subgroup analysis were computed to minimize underlying heterogeneity. Result: Initially, a total of 764 studies were accessed. Twenty-eight full articles were assessed for eligibility criteria, of which twelve studies fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in the final meta-analysis. The overall pooled magnitude of postpartum depression was 22.89% (95% CI 17.75%, 28.03%) with the lowest (12.20%) and highest (33.82%) in the Southern nations region. Unplanned pregnancy, domestic violence, lack of social support, previous history of depression, infant loss, and dissatisfaction in marriage showed a statistically significant association with postpartum depression.