Perfil e Papel Do Docente De Medicina Estudo De Caso Faculdade De Medicina Da Universidade Agostinho Neto Angola 2012 (original) (raw)
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Abstracts of the 5th International Academic Medical Congress of Maranhão (V COIMAMA) 2018
Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is considered one of the main types of cancer to reach the female population, especially in less developed regions. Comprehensive coverage of basic care is vital for the implementation of prevention actions such as vaccination campaigns and conducting preventive screenings for early detection and disease control. This study aims to analyze the coverage of basic care and the incidence of cervical cancer in Northeastern capitals, verifying a possible relationship between these data. METHODS: Descriptive study with a quantitative approach, based on secondary data collected from the Department of Primary Care (DAB) and the National Cancer Institute (INCA). We analyzed the coverage of basic care in capital cities in the northeastern region of Brazil in 2016 and the estimates of gross rates of incidence of cervical cancer per 100,000 inhabitants in the same year. RESULTS: From the data analyzed, it can be noted that, in 2016, the coverage of basic care (AB) in Aracaju-SE is 79.5% and the incidence rate of cervical cancer is 16.67 %. In João Pessoa-PB, AB coverage is 93.44% and the disease incidence rate is 19.39%. Regarding Recife-PE, it presents a coverage of AB of 61.56% and a incidence of cervical cancer of 17.74%. In Fortaleza-CE, AB coverage is 62.68% and the incidence of the disease is 21.47%. In São Luís-MA, AB coverage is 43.16%, while the incidence of cervical cancer is 42.58%. CONCLUSION: It is not possible to establish a direct relationship between the coverage of primary care and the incidence of cervical cancer in the capitals studied only with the type of analysis performed in the study, but it is observed from the data obtained that these variables communicate between each other in a decisive way. More scientific research should be developed on the subject, ratifying the role of primary care in the promotion of preventive health.
Proceedings of the African Pathologists Summit; March 22-23, 2013; Dakar, Senegal: a summary
Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 2015
This report presents the proceedings of the African Pathologists Summit, held under the auspices of the African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer. To deliberate on the challenges and constraints of the practice of pathology in Sub-Saharan Africa and the avenues for addressing them. Collaborating organizations included the American Society for Clinical Pathology; Association of Pathologists of Nigeria; British Division of the International Academy of Pathology; College of Pathologists of East, Central and Southern Africa; East African Division of the International Academy of Pathology; Friends of Africa-United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology Initiative; International Academy of Pathology; International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research; National Cancer Institute; National Health and Laboratory Service of South Africa; Nigerian Postgraduate Medical College; Royal College of Pathologists; West African Division of the International Academy of Pathology; a...
Annals of African Medicine Annals of African Medicine @BULLET Pages 111-00
Background: Malaria in pregnancy remains a major public health problem especially in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the prevalence of clinical and asymptomatic infection among antenatal client (ANC) attendees is largely unknown, especially at primary health care (PHC) level in northern Nigeria. This study assessed the prevalence of fever, malarial parasitemia and anemia among pregnant women attending PHC facilities in Kano, northern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 360 ANCs attending PHC facilities in two Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Kano state. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Blood samples were also obtained for thin blood smear for malaria parasite using Giemsa staining technique. Hemoglobin was estimated from the Packed Cell Volume (PCV) determined using hematocrit. Results: Age of the subjects ranged from 15 to 42 years with a mean ± SD of 24.0 ± 6.0. Up to 39.2% (n = 141) (95% Confi dence Interval = 34.1-44.4%) of the subjects were found to have malarial parasitemia. Exactly 36.2% (n = 51) of those with parasitemia had fever (temperature ≥ 37.5oC) while 63.8% (n = 90) of them were asymptomatic. Anemia, (hemoglobin of ≤11 g/dl) was found in 48.1% (n = 173) of the respondents. A higher proportion of primigravid and secondigravid clients (61% vs. 39%) and younger pregnant women (54.6% vs. 45.4%) had malarial parasitemia compared to multigravid and older women, respectively. Similarly, a signifi cantly higher proportion (67.6%) of anemic ANC clients had malarial parasitemia. (χ2 = 113.25, df = 1, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Malarial infection is common among the ANC clients attending PHC facilities in Kano state and the infection is commonly associated with anemia. Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) should be provided especially among primigravid, secondigravid and younger mothers at PHC centres.
2016
Introduction: The article describes the epidemiologic profile of dengue cases in Vitória, the capital of Espírito Santo, Brazil, from 2000 to 2009, aimed at identifying risk groups regarding the incidence and severity of the disease. Methods: Confirmed cases of dengue among city residents during ten years were classified as dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome and dengue with complications, and analyzed according to sex, age, race-color and education. Results: The proportion of dengue cases was highest among women aged 20 to 29 years-old and similar between whites and blacks. A gradual decrease occurred in the percentage of dengue cases in the population aged 15 years-old or more, in the historical series of 10 years, and a growing increase in individuals less than 15 years-old, showing statistical significance. The fatality rate ranged from zero to 0.3% for all forms of dengue and from 0.2% to 18.2% for severe forms. Conclusions: The profile of those affected by the disease in the municipality is similar to those affected in Brazil. The increasing number of cases in individuals under 15 years-old corroborates the results of recent studies in other Brazilian municipalities.
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2020
Background: Information on causes of death (CoD) is very poor in sub-Saharan Africa, although it provides vital information for planning health strategies. We aimed to analyze the CoD in a large series of autopsies conducted in Mozambique during one-year period. Methods: All adult autopsies conducted at the Maputo Central Hospital (Mozambique) from January,1st to December 31st 2013 (12 month-long period) were analyzed, according to HIV status. Maternal and traumatic deaths were excluded from the study. Results: Four hundred and forty-nine adult autopsies were performed (52% males, median age 42 years, range 15-93). HIV-positive patients comprised 37% (166), 19% (87) were HIV-negative, and in 44% (196) information on HIV status was unavailable. Infectious diseases were the leading CoD (249; 55%), followed by malignancies (76; 17%), cardiovascular (75;17%), other non-infectious diseases (46;10%), and nonconclusive CoD (3;1%). Infectious diseases were responsible for 64%, 51% and 50% of HIV-positive,-negative and-unknown patients, respectively. Tuberculosis was the leading infectious CoD, regardless of HIV status. Other common infections included pyogenic meningitis (42; 17%) and pneumonia (37;15%). Non-infectious cardiovascular diseases and malignancies comprised 33% of all CoD in HIV-negative, and 15% in HIV-positive patients. Conclusion: The burden of infectious diseases, particularly of tuberculosis, remains high in Mozambique, even in HIV-negative patients. Apart from tuberculosis, pyogenic infections of the central nervous system and respiratory tract are also frequent and thus require introduction of new point-of-care tests and improvement of treatment strategies. Non-communicable conditions, mainly cardiovascular and oncologic diseases are becoming prevalent in Mozambique.
III Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal Fluminense. Rio de Janeiro, RJ
2015
Índice de ajuste de comorbidade para a 10ª revisão da Classifi cação Internacional de Doenças ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To develop a Charlson-like comorbidity index based on clinical conditions and weights of the original Charlson comorbidity index. METHODS: Clinical conditions and weights were adapted from the International Classifi cation of Diseases, 10th revision and applied to a single hospital admission diagnosis. The study included 3,733 patients over 18 years of age who were admitted to a public general hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil, between Jan 2001 and Jan 2003. The index distribution was analyzed by gender, type of admission, blood transfusion, intensive care unit admission, age and length of hospital stay. Two logistic regression models were developed to predict in-hospital mortality including: a) the aforementioned variables and the risk-adjustment index (full model); and b) the risk-adjustment index and patient's age (reduced model). RESULTS: Of all patients analyzed, 22.3% had risk scores ≥1, and their mortality rate was 4.5% (66.0% of them had scores ≥1). Except for gender and type of admission, all variables were retained in the logistic regression. The models including the developed risk index had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86 (full model), and 0.76 (reduced model). Each unit increase in the risk score was associated with nearly 50% increase in the odds of in-hospital death. CONCLUSIONS: The risk index developed was able to effectively discriminate the odds of in-hospital death which can be useful when limited information is available from hospital databases.
The Nigerian Health Journal, 2016
Background/Objective: Total CVD risk assessment is a cost-effective approach to guide primary preventive therapy. This study set out to determine the awareness, use, and attitudes regarding total cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment in clinical practice among physicians in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 150 physicians in government hospitals and private practices in Port Harcourt city. The characteristics of 'users' versus 'non-users' of CVD risk assessment tools were compared with the Chi-Square test of significance. Results: 106 physicians completed the questionnaires. Seventy-four (69.8%) reported being aware of tools available to assess total CVD risk. Among those aware, 87.1% agreed that CVD risk assessment is useful, 81% agreed it improves patient care, 74.3% agreed it leads to better decisions about recommending preventive therapies and 60% agreed that it increased the likelihood that they would recommend risk-reducing therapies to high-risk patients. However, 62.9% of these physicians felt it was time-wasting to use and only 21 (28.4%) actually use CVD risk assessment regularly in practice. The most commonly reported barrier was unfamiliarity with how to use risk estimation tools (52.8%). Female sex and the use of an Internet-enabled smartphone were associated with increased odds of being a 'user' of risk estimation tools (odds ratios 4.8, CI 1.4-16.9; and 5.9, CI 1.7-20.0, respectively). Conclusion: Utilization of risk assessments in clinical practice is low. A major barrier was nonfamiliarity with how to use the tools. Continuous medical education and wider use of smartphone technology may represent health system approaches to tackling this issue.