Comparative Notes on Hurro-Urartian, Northern Caucasian and Indo-European (original) (raw)

1999, UCLA Indo-European Studies

DINGIR MEƒ "gods" is attested. It probably contains the phoneme [Û] rendered by a cuneiform syllabic sign beginning with z-. The morphonemic alternation of consonant phonemes is seen in the later parallel Bog¬ azköy forms e-in !-Ía-a-ri (V Bo T 14 10'), i-inza-ar-ri (K Bo XXXII 26 Vs. II 33') 33 , and Ras Shamra alphabetic Genitive Plural enÛ = cuneiform Hurrian e-en-na-a-Íe(/Íi) and Comitative Plural enÛr earlier interpreted as *enna-Íura 34. The latter may be close to the form of collective Plural enÍ/zari 35 : compare the similar semantic roles of e-en-za-a-ri in ta-ße-e-ni-wa a-a-al e-en-za-a-ri maa-ta-aÍ-tab i-ti-i-ta (= nu-za a-pé-e-da-ni LÚ-ni DINGIR MEƒ Íe-e-er ßa-at-ta-a-tar Íi-iÍßi-ir in the Hittite translation) "to this man the gods have given (allocated/assigned) wisdom/insight" 36) and enÛr = enz= 1 r in as# hnz= 1 rm hldp enz= 1 r trnz= 1 rm hldp enz= 1 r "and you are elevated above the higher gods and you are elevated above the lower gods" 37 Rƒ 24.278 3-6. According to Neu 38 , the original suffix of the collective form enzari was *-Íâri. Denying the existence of such a suffix 39 , Starostin thinks that the fricative consonant belongs to the root, which he reconstructs as Northern Caucasian ? ams# Å with further distant Yenisseyan and Sino-Tibetan cognates 40. In that case, the Hurrian form enzâri [enÛâri] contains the Plural element-(a)r widely represented in Northern Caucasian. As already noticed by Thomsen (1899), the suffix is known in Etruscan in a similar grammatical function: see the identical opposition of Etruscan-ar (animate) :-33 A form with the suffixed article *-rn->-rr-:

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Some Hittite and Armenian Reduplications and Their (P)IE Ramifications

Indo-European Linguistics, 2014

In this paper I summarize the literature on, and generate and defend formally and semantically, explicit derivations for, the Hittite reduplicated pairings {“ GIŠ ḫaḫ(ḫa)r(a)- ‘rake’”, “ḫaḫḫarie- ‘to rake’”} and {“ GIŠ sesarul- ‘sieve’”, “sesarie- ‘to sift’”} and the reduplicated Armenian nouns mamul ‘press; vice’, mamuṙ, ‘moss’, and mamur ‘sawdust’, all adduced by Joseph (1992). In addition, I give an explicit derivation for the Hittite reduplicated noun mēmal ‘grits, meal’. The first Hittite pairing, the three Armenian nouns, and hitt. Mēmal are shown to represent regular instantiations of the noun-reduplication process formulated in Cohen (forthc. a); the second Hittite pairing, perhaps surprisingly, turns out to be based on a (P)IE verb-reduplication process. In the course of the exposition, a previously-unreported Armenian sound-change affecting inherited word-final syllabic liquids emerges, and a well-known, but controversial, Armenian sound-change of *e to a is buttressed via...

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The Hittite genitive ending -ā̆n [2017]

Usque Ad Radices: Indo-European studies in honour of Birgit Anette Olsen (edd. B.S.S. Hansen, A. Hyllested, et al.), Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 2017, 385-400.