Comparison of Drainage Water Quality and Soil Salinity in Irrigated Areas with Surface and Subsurface Drainage Systems (original) (raw)
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The current study was conducted on two soils extremely varied in their textures ; i.e. sandy ( Meet Kennana area , Qalubia Governorate ) and clay soils ( El-Zankalon area , Sharkia Governorate ) to investigate the effect of saline irrigation water on soil salinity levels , as expressed by the ECe values in the saturation extract of these soils . Three irrigation water treatments containing total salt concentrations of 1000 ,2000 and 4000 ppm were used for irrigation. Moreover ,each of these salt concentrations contained three different ratios of Na / Ca, i.e. , 1 : 1 , 2 : 1 and 4 : 1 . The results revealed that increasing the total salt concentrations in irrigation water led to increase in soil salinity . Also , the Na / Ca ratios in the water did not cause in any significant difference in ECe . Salt accumulation in clay soil was much greater than in the sandy one. So, saline water could be used with a more efficiently under coarse textured soils . The period of irrigation was also greatly effected on the amounts of accumulated salts in both soils . The longer the period the higher will be the quantity of accumulated salts . The statistical analysis confirmed the above-mentioned results .
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Soil salinity is a growing threat all over the world due to its toxic effect to reduce soil fertility and water uptake in the crops. An average of 418 million ha soil is saline in nature. Various climatic, geomorphic and rainfall pattern causes which involved in saline soil formation. To reduce the toxic effect proper management of saline soil is required. Irrigation water also a major concern regarding soil salinity management. Saline irrigation water enhances and maintains the severity soil salinity. Crop production aspects root zone salinity provides a strong negative impact on soil fertility. Salinity causes the reduction in nutrient ion, and water uptake has a significant negative effect on crop yields. Soil and water salinity interactions and their influence on crop growth and management of salinity are deliberated in this chapter.
The effect of water quality and irrigation methods on moisture and salinity distribution of soil
Current study was carried out with aim to evaluate the effect of pressurized irrigation methods and furrow irrigation method with municipal effluent on distribution of salinity and moisture in the soil profile. The experimental study was designed by split plot layout with three irrigation methods including furrow, surface drip (SD) irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation (SSD) and two water qualities (municipal effluent and fresh water) in a sugar beet field located in Corbal plain, Iran. Soil sampling was conducted in two sessions (prior to irrigation and after harvesting) at three depths of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm and 15 points around areas where water leaked. Variance analysis of salinity showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) between irrigation methods, also between two water qualities in terms of salinity concentration, for three sampled depths of soil. The maximum value of salinity was found at the depth of 0-20 cm in subsurface drip irrigation by 1.66 dS/m, and the minimum value of salinity was found at the depth of 20-40 cm in furrow irrigation by 0.92 dS/m. Irrigation by municipal effluent caused a higher salinity concentration in the soil compared to fresh water regardless to the amount of water. Leaching operations, reducing the irrigation period and increasing the irrigation frequency, conducting researches and promoting the use of effluent are recommended in conclusion.