Nigeria and the British The Fall of Nigeria: The British Conquest. By Obaro Ikime. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1977. Pp. xi + 232, illus. £5.50; paperback £2.20 (original) (raw)
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FROM CONQUEST TO INDEPENDENCE: THE NIGERIAN COLONIAL EXPERIENCE
This paper is a panoramic discussion of the imposition and character of colonial British administration in Nigeria. It begins by examining the factors and circumstances which facilitated the intrusion of the British in the Nigerian area. The most important event in this development was the conquest of the Lagos in 1851 and its formal incorporation as a colony ten years later in 1861. Concomitantly, British influence spread into the hinterland from Lagos and from the lower reaches of the Niger. Such, however, was the character of the British penetration that when in 1900 political control was formally established over the Nigerian area it took the tripartite form of three autonomous administrations.
Annals of the Social Science Academy of Nigeria
Our recent experience has taught us that the Pagan Gwaris, Kederas, and other tribes yield to none in bravery. They all speak Hausa, and I hope to enlist many as soon as we get in touch with them at the new headquarters. It is, in fact, my desire to make the West African Frontier Force, as far as possible, a Hausaspeaking pagan force, and I am convinced that it will thus be a far more reliable source of military strength (Frederick Lugard, 1900 1) The degree to which unity was achieved was in no small part determined by the nature of the colonial territories which had been marked out by the Europeans (Patrick Chabal, 1994 2).
International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 2018
Introduction The European activities in Africa may by explained in terms of changing character of European economies and rapid industrialization which took place in Europe in the late 19 th century. D.K. Field house in his book Economics and Empire, 1830-1914 observes that during the second half of the 19 th century, the major states of Western Europe and the North America modernized their industrial System, along lines, pioneered by Britain, at the beginning, the industries were mainly concerned with import substitution. But they expanded and became increasingly dependent on foreign markets to provide economies of scales. 1 The dependency on foreign markets by European traders and commercialists to feed their industries, led to open competition amongst them. As Field house observes, "their answer was to use political means to offset the economic disabilities: Ultimately to annex the new markets and surround them with preferential tariffs and other devices for excluding competition" The situation was the revision of Darwinist theory the Survival of the fittest. In Nigeria, there was a serious commercial rivalry amongst Britain, France and Germany. The colonial powers to dislodge one another by signing the so-called commercial treaties with rulers in Nigeria" In fact, in 1893, the competition brought about Britain blocked the French from gaining access the Royal Niger Company, instead, in an 0bseassed, by its desire to block the French from gaining access to the Benue River Region British rushed into granting the Germans virtually the entire area of the trust territory of the southern part. Infact, it could be said that the Germans "reaped where they did notsow" the Germans got the whole area on a 'plate of gold' these are land that no German has ever set foot on, such as Madagali, Namoda, Marua, Rai-Buba and Chibok which is our study area, but allowed to operate. As a result, their attempt to dislodge one another saw their commercial agents trying to explore the possibilities of establishing commercial relations with the people of the Benue-River and Lake Chad Basin areas 3 And therefore, sow Chibok which lay on the Yola-Maiduguri axis as threat to their commercials interest.
African Studies Quarterly, 2008
Moses Ochonu is an assistant professor of history at Vanderbilt University. He specializes in the modern history of Sub-Saharan Africa, with a particular focus on the colonial and postcolonial periods. Although he teaches survey and topical classes on all regions of Africa (and on all periods), his research interest lies in Nigeria. He has published several articles on subjects ranging from the impact of colonial medicine on northern Nigerians, to the impact of the Great Depression on Nigeria, as well as a theoretical and empirical examination of the personalization and performance of political power in contemporary Nigeria. cultural difference-which was indispensable to Indirect Rule-and the engineering of homogeneity, considered necessary for a uniform implementation of Indirect Rule in the region, came to simultaneously and contradictorily sit at the heart of British colonial administrative policy in northern Nigeria.
Pre-Colonial Nigeria and the European ’ s Fallacy
2014
In other to achieve colonialism and political subjugation by the Europeans in Nigeria, the British lead government represented mainly by trade companies set about to proselytize the people to a new politics and ruler ship. To achieve this, the companies started detrimental campaigns both within and outside the territory. These campaigns were aimed at the political institution of the local people. The support of the government back in Europe was key, thus it became paramount that these colonial sentimentalists “black-tagged” the political institutions of the various kingdoms. The various advocates of colonialism preached the benefits of a complete annexation, claiming the people had no sensible political administration. The rulers of the various kingdoms in Nigeria, were tagged tyrannical, British haters, murders and slave traders. While their ways of life were labeled backward and barbaric. Their institutions of judiciary or check and balances were not reckoned with.European writers...
The History and Evolution of Nigeria
Pathways to Nigerian Peoples and Culture, 2012
This chapter traces the history, location, population of Nigeria, the birth rate among the Nigerian people, ethnic breakdown, languages, the Nigerian flag and national symbolism, description of the Nigerian flag, flag Laws of Nigeria, the Nigerian economy, the advent of the Europeans, the history of Nigerian colonization, Trans-Sahara trade and Slave Trade, the nationalistic movement, the Nigerian Civil War, Nigerian Politics, Nigeria's Military, Nigeria’s socio-economic challenges, the Niger Delta struggle, the problem of gas flaring, oil revenue derivation, the Niger Delta crisis, reason for conflicts in the Niger Delta, the case of Ogoniland (1992-1995), Ijaw-Itsekiri conflicts (1997), Ijaw unrest (1998-1999), the creation of the Niger Delta Development Commission (2000), the emergence of armed groups in the Delta Region (2003-2004), the Nigerian oil crisis: Government crackdown and offensive, granting of amnesty, and national holidays.
FROM COLONIZATION TO DECOLONIZATION IN NIGERIA: AFRICA'S NEW LEADER?
AFRICA 5th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEW HORIZONS IN SCIENCE, 2024
Colonization of Nigeria began with the British Empire's conquest of the region in the late 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, the British Empire established colonial rule in the region. As a result of the independence movements that grew stronger after World War II, the struggle for independence began in Nigeria. As a result, Nigeria gained independence in 1960 and the decolonization process was completed in the "political" field. However, the continuity of dependency relations in the region is still a matter of debate. This study aims to examine the country's current position in the Sub-Saharan region by taking a historical look at the colonization and decolonization processes in Nigeria. Nigeria has recently become one of the economically richest countries in the region and the most populous country in the region in terms of population. However, the country is also experiencing some turmoil in the political and social spheres. This historical research will be limited to the history of political thought. The document analysis method is used in the study and the social history school is used as an approach. The document analysis method considers a wide range of sources, such as letters, diaries, official documents, newspaper articles, maps, photographs, and other archival materials. When reviewing documents, factors such as the reliability of the sources, the author's intention and the context of the content are considered. The social history school to be used as an approach refers to a historiographical movement that developed at Cambridge University in the 1960s. The social history school brings new perspectives by using critical approaches in historiography. They particularly emphasized the impact of economic, social, and cultural factors on history and question the traditional understanding of political history. In this context, the study aims to read history from the eyes of the "losers" rather than the "winners" by making use of this critical position. The study is divided into two parts, apart from the introduction and conclusion sections. The first part examines the processes of colonization and decolonization, and the second part examines the role of these historical processes in understanding Nigeria's current regional position. Keywords: Colonization, Decolonization, Nigeria, Political Thought, Social History