Phytochemical Enhancement in Broccoli Florets after Harvest by Controlled Doses of Ozone (original) (raw)
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Effect of Oxidase Stresses on Glucosinolates Profile in Broccoli Florets During Postharvest Storage
Acta Horticulturae, 2013
Stresses cause production of reactive oxygen species in plant bodies and high levels of stress can be harmful to plant tissues. When sub-acute doses of stresses are applied to postharvest crops, beneficial effects can occur through activation of protection mechanisms. In broccoli (Brassica oleracea), such mechanisms can be induction of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, which are also beneficial to human health. The objective of this work was to examine sub-acute or hormetic doses as well as extreme doses of UV-B, ozone and hydrogen peroxide on the content of glucosinolates during postharvest storage. Broccoli florets were exposed to hormetic and high doses of UV-B (0, 1.5 and 7.5 kJ m-2); O 3 (5 ppm for 0, 60 and 720 min) and H 2 O 2 (0, 1.25 and 5 mM for 3 h). The profile of glucosinolates and hydroxy-cinnamic acids was determined for up to 14 days in broccoli florets stored at 4°C by LC-MS. The expression of glucosinolate pathway genes (p450 of the CYP79 family-A2, B3 and F1) and phenylpropanoids pathway genes (PAL, CS and F3H1) were also monitored. Titer of neoglucobrassin in UV-B treated broccoli florets at 1.5 kJ m-2 was the highest at the end of the 14 days of storage. However, up regulated expression of genes CYP79B3 and CoL were observed with the high UV-B dose of 7.5 kJ m-2 throughout and at the beginning of the storage, respectively. Both O 3 and H 2 O 2 increased the titers of 4-methoxy-glucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin; and the florets treated with high ozone dose (5 ppm for 720 min) exhibited an over expression of genes CYP79F1 and CYP79B3, at the beginning of the storage. Results showed a good correlation between gene expression of CYP79B3, and the titers of indole glucosinolates in treated broccoli florets, suggesting that the target of the applied stresses is likely to be the branch pathway of indole glucosinolates.
Ozone and 1-Methylcyclopropene alter the postharvest quality of broccoli
Fresh broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) fl orets untreated or treated with 1 µL·L -1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 14 h, were stored at 12 °C with 0, 200, or 700 nL·L -1 ozone. Senescence parameters were evaluated after 0, 1, 2, 5, 8, or 12 days of storage. Treatment with 1-MCP delayed the yellowing of fl orets, and at day 5 the hue angle of 1-MCP treated fl orets was 116° (green) compared to 102° (yellow) for the control. Respiration rates of fl orets were reduced by 1-MCP for the fi rst 5 days. The 1-MCP treatment maintained higher chlorophyll fl uorescence expressed as F v /F m during 12 days of storage. Also, 1-MCP reduced dimethyl trisulfi de production, which contributes to off-odor development in broccoli fl orets. Compared with the controls, fl orets stored in 200 nL·L -1 ozone had less mold growth and yellowed more slowly, but no differences were observed in respiration, ethylene production, or F v /F m . Florets stored in 700 nL·L -1 ozone were greener than fl orets held in air or 200 nL·L -1 ozone. Interestingly, chlorophyll fl uorescence of the fl orets stored in 700 nL·L -1 ozone decreased signifi cantly and at day 12, F v /F m was only 30% of its initial value. Ozone at 700 nL·L -1 stimulated respiration and ethylene production of fl orets after 1 day of storage, and caused visible damage in the form of increased weight loss and browning of the fl oret stem ends. Treatment of broccoli with 1-MCP alone or in combination with 200 nL·L -1 ozone maintained the quality and extended the shelf life of broccoli fl orets.
Scientia Agricola, 2014
There is growing interest in studies on sanitizers other than chlorine that can maintain the quality of organic products without affecting their phytochemical content. The effects of using chlorinated and ozonized water treatments, as sanitizing procedures, on the post-harvest quality of organic and conventional broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) cv. Italica was evaluated. The biochemical parameters (chlorophyll, polyphenols, fl avonoids, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity) of the broccoli samples were analyzed at day 0 (arrival of the plant from the fi eld, original features), and 1, 4 and 7 days after harvest. The polyamine analysis was performed on arrival of the plant from the fi eld and on the fi rst and seventh days. The cultivation procedure infl uenced polyphenol, vitamin C and total chlorophyll content, and the highest value was observed in organic broccoli after the fourth day. Flavenoid content was higher in organic broccoli. The use of ozone appears not to have had an infl uence on the amount of polyphenolic, fl avonoids and vitamin C during storage. Total chlorophyll content was less affected by ozonized water than by the chlorine treatment as at the fi rst and fourth days of storage. The highest content of putrescine was found in conventional broccoli, while the highest levels of spermidine and spermine were found in organic broccoli. Antioxidant capacity was highest in organic broccoli after day 4 of storage and was affected by the bioactive compounds analyzed. Methods of cultivation infl uenced natural antioxidant and chlorophyll contents in broccoli under cold storage.
European Food Research and Technology, 2014
Brassicaceae vegetables, among them broccoli and Chinese cabbage, are well recognized due to the nutritional properties. Four-week-old Chinese cabbage and broccoli seedlings were fumigated with O 3 for 3 days before being transplanted into the field. The effect of O 3 treatment was determined after reaching marketable quality (ca. 10 weeks). The inflorescences of O 3-treated broccoli were enriched in vitamin E (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol), whereas Chinese cabbage heads had an increased content of anthocyanins and β-carotene. Ozone treatment did not significantly affect the productivity of both examined vegetables.
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2020
Abiotic stresses are oxidative in nature and cause generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant bodies. Severe stresses can be harmful to the plant tissue, whereas sub-acute or lower doses of stresses could enhance or induce protective mechanisms, a biological phenomenon known as hormesis. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of hormetic as well as high doses of UV-B on the quality along with glucosinolate and hydroxy-cinnamate contents in broccoli florets during storage. An UV-B dose of 1.5 kJ m −2 was found to be hormetic from the color retention response. Color development, weight loss and respiration rate were monitored during 21 d of storage at 4°C. The gene expression of dihomomethionine N-hydroxylase (CYP79F1), tryptophan N-hydroxylase 2 (CYP79B3), phenylalanine N-hydroxylase (CYP79A2), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CH) and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H1) in the treated broccoli was also evaluated. The antioxidant capacity and the profiles of glucosinolates and hydroxy-cinnamates were determined for up to 14 d in broccoli florets stored at 4°C by LC-MS. The hormetic dose of UV-B was effective in delaying the yellowing of broccoli florets. The initial respiration rate of the florets treated with the hormetic and a high dose (7.2 kJ m −2) was significantly high. The antioxidant capacity of florets was higher in UV-B treated florets relative to the control. The titers of indole-type glucosinolates and hydroxycinnamates in broccoli were significantly (p < 0.05) higher with both doses of UV-B compared to the non-exposed florets. UV-B appears to exhibit balanced effects with respect to quality preservation and enhancement of phyto-compounds in broccoli florets. Results showed a good correlation between gene expression of CYP79B3, and the titers of indole glucosinolates in the treated broccoli florets, suggesting that the target of UV-B is likely to be the branch pathway of indole glucosinolates.
SENSORY, NUTRIENT AND CHLOROPHYLL CHANGES IN BROCCOLI FLORETS DURING CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE
Journal of Food Quality, 1996
Sensory (color, turgor, decay) and nutritional (vitamin C, β-carotene) quality of broccoli florets were evaluated during storage at 4C in air or under a controlled atmosphere containing 2% O2+ 6% CO2 (CA). Shelf-life, green color and chlorophyll retention were greater under CA than in air, although loss of stem turgor was accelerated. All samples stored in air had decayed sufficiently by the fourth week to be unfit for consumption, while samples stored under CA showed a few spots of decay after five weeks. However, CA was associated with browning at the cut surface of the stem. Retention of vitamin C was slightly greater in CA than in air, while β-carotene content increased at the end of CA storage. Returning the samples to ambient conditions for 24 h after storage under either conditions resulted in chlorophyll and vitamin C losses, whereas β-carotene content remained stable.
Proceedings of the 1st Global Cleanup Congress, 2018
Tropospheric ozone (03) is one of the prominent secondary air pollutant in the world. Surface ozone is not only a greenhouse gas, which is next to C02 and Methane but also, has a deleterious impact on growth and yield of both agricultural and horticultural crops with long lasting impact in most parts of the world. In India, urban and rural agriculture is mainly affected by the ozone pollution. The objective to study the impact of elevated ozone level and ozone protectant spray on chlorophyll contents, anti-oxidant enzymes and major nutrients of cauliflower. The research was conducted at ISRO Climate Change Observatory is located at Woodhouse house farm, HRS (TNAU) with a latitude 11.4°N, longitude 76.7°E and altitude of 2520 m above MSL at Ooty in (FCRD) Factorial completely randomized block design with twelve treatments and three replications. Plant nutrients such as nitrogen was analyzed by micro-kjeldahl method, phosphorous by triple acid extraction method, potassium by flame photometry method (Shang et al., 2018). Biochemical properties such as catalase activity was determined by titration method, peroxidase activity was determined by UV spectrophotometry at 430 nm. Total chlorophyll were analyzed by spectrophotometry method (Tetteh et al., 2015). From the study, we conclude that tropospheric ozone has detrimental effect on N, P, K, chlorophyll contents, catalase and peroxidase levels of cauliflower plant. Further the ozone protectants played a major role to nullify the tropospheric ozone effect on N, P, K, chlorophyll contents, catalase and peroxidase of cauliflower plant and among them panchagavya and neem oil performed well followed by ascorbic acid.
Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, under atmospheres with low O2 and high CO2 concentrations, is effective for extending the shelflife of horticultural products. We investigated the influence of CA storage (O2/CO2: 2.5%/6.0% or 2.5%/0.0%) at 1C for 21 d versus normoxia (normal air) on the physicochemical and biological properties of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica, Plenck, 1794) via amounts and activities of terminal oxidases of electron transport chain. Mass loss, a sensitive index of freshness for broccoli heads under CA, was significantly lower under CA than under normoxia. The effect for depressing mass loss was observed 7 d earlier under CA including 6.0% CO2 than under CA without CO2. Environmental CO2 was also effective for depressing loss of L-ascorbate. The alternative oxidase (AOX) level under CA was lower than under normoxia during storage, while the level of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and the AOX/COX activity ratio (based on oxygen isotope discrimination), wer...
Two globe artichoke cultivars (Violet de Provence and Apollo) were harvested at an experimental field in Sicily, immediately washed with ozonised water and stored in: i) normal atmosphere; ii) ozone-enriched atmosphere for 3 days and for the last 4 days in normal atmosphere; iii) ozone-enriched atmosphere for 7 days. A control (samples unwashed and stored at room temperature) was also investigated. The effect of cultivar x ozone treatment interaction on water content losses, total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity was evaluated after 0, 3 and 7 days of storage. Washing with ozonised water and storage under O3enriched atmosphere allowed higher water retention compared with the control, especially for Violet de Provence. After 3 days of storage in ozone-enriched atmosphere, on average of cultivars, the total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity increased by 11.7% and 5.5%, respectively. By contrast, after further 4 days of storage in ozonised atmosphere, Apollo and Violet de Provence displayed a significant reduction in their level of total polyphenols and aantioxidant activity. The exposure of globe artichoke heads to an ozone-enriched atmosphere should not exceed 3 days aimed at preserving their high nutritional value, with special emphasis on total polyphenols content.
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016
Broccoli contains high levels of bioactive molecules and is considered a functional food. In this study, postharvest treatments to enhance the concentration of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds were evaluated. Broccoli whole heads were wounded to obtain florets and wounded florets (florets cut into four even pieces) and stored for 24 h at 20 • C with or without exogenous ethylene (ET, 1000 ppm) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 250 ppm). Whole heads were used as a control for wounding treatments. Regarding glucosinolate accumulation, ET selectively induced the 4-hydroxylation of glucobrassicin in whole heads, resulting in ∼223% higher 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin than time 0 h samples. Additionally, glucoraphanin was increased by ∼53% in whole heads treated with ET, while neoglucobrassicin was greatly accumulated in wounded florets treated with ET or MeJA, showing increases of ∼193 and ∼286%, respectively. On the other hand, although only whole heads stored without phytohormones showed higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, which was reflected in ∼33, ∼30, and ∼46% higher levels of 1,2,2-trisinapoylgentiobose, 1,2-diferulolylgentiobiose, and 1,2-disinapoyl-2-ferulolylgentiobiose, respectively; broccoli florets stored under air control conditions showed enhanced concentrations of 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 1,2-disinapoylgentiobiose, and 1,2-disinapoyl-2-ferulolylgentiobiose (∼22, ∼185, and ∼65% more, respectively). Furthermore, exogenous ET and MeJA impeded individual phenolics accumulation. Results allowed the elucidation of simple and effective postharvest treatment to enhance the content of individual glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in broccoli. The stressed-broccoli tissue could be subjected to downstream processing in order to extract and purify bioactive molecules with applications in the dietary supplements, agrochemical and cosmetics markets.