Milk production of goats grazing native pasture under different supplementation regimes in southern Italy (original) (raw)
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Small Ruminant Research, 1993
Effects of two levels of supplementation (low (LC) 750 g/d and high (HC) 1500 g/d from d 30 post-partum) on 4 months lactation of 17 Anglo-Nubian X Damascus goats were evaluated. Goats browsed 5-6 h daily on typical Mediterranean scrubland, dominated by Common oak (Quercus calliprinos) and shrubs (mainly Pistacia lentiscus, Sarcopoterium spinosum and Calicotome villosa ), young Cupressus sempervirens trees but few grasses. Goats were separated from their kids 2 d postpartum. HC feeding depressed net grazing time at pasture (75.1% and 59.2%, P< 0.05). Although goats in the HC group produced more milk (2.23 vs. 1.81 kg/d, P< 0.05 ), no significant differences were found in total production of fat, protein and solids for cheese manufacturing (SCM, 188 and 158 g/d, P=0.22). On d 38, milk yield of LC goats was lower (2.31 vs. 2.84 kg/d, P<0.05), and protein (5.54% vs. 4.74%) and fat (3.69% vs. 3.40%) contents were higher, compared to HC (P < 0.05 ). No differences in milk composition between groups were detected later. However, from d 85 of lactation onward, LC goats yielded 26% less kg milk, 24% less kg protein, 25% less kg fat and 24% less kg SCM (P < 0.10) than HC; LC goats produced less lactose throughout the experiment, but not significantly at d 51 (P< 0.05). Plasma NEFA concentration was higher in the LC than in the HC group at d 38, 85 and 113. Energy balance, as calculated from plasma NEFA values, was negative in the LC goats in all periods but positive in HC from d 85 onward. Since no significant difference in SCM throughout lactation was found, and the main effect of HC feeding was an extra production of lactose, decision to provide HC feeding may be economically justified only if the extra income from lactose (as part of whole milk, yoghurt, or whey-cheese) exceeds the cost of 750 g concentrates.
Effect of production system on milk production and food consumption in goats
Objective. Assessing the effect of productive system in production, composition of milk and feed consumption in goats s. Materials and methods. Three production systems were assessed in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), production and composition of milk were assessed during two periods for 71 goats, Saanen and Alpine breed type. Regarding the statistical analysis the individual effects of different variables were taken into account, such as production system, breed, period, and the interaction between them; using the use of PROC MIXED in the statistical software SAS.. Results. The production system named A1 (semi-stabling, grazing on grasslands with natural vegetation succession) presented the highest milk production per day in both periods, with an average of 1.2 L/day, as well as higher levels of fat, protein and non-fat milk solids (53, 33 and 84 g/day), compared to production systems A2 and A3 (permanent housing). These A2 and A3 systems presented an average of 0.6 L/day and dry matter intake (DMI) did not presented significant difference, however in vitro digestibility did. Conclusions. High variability was found in the assessed systems regarding the dry matter intake, as well as the composition of feed offered. There was also a significant effect in the production system on the amount of milk produced by animal per day.
Comparison between Types of Feeding on Goat Milk Composition
usab-tm.ro
Twenty lactating Carpatina goats were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with different levels of concentrates on composition of Carpatina goat milk. Goats in group A were confined and fed alfalfa hay with 1.32 kg/day of concentrate mixture. Group B, C and D were rotationally grazed and received 1.32, 0.66 and 0 Kg/day of concentrate supplementation, respectively. The results obtained from this experiment indicated that goats fed with high concentrate level and pasture grazing (Group B and C) produced milk with significantly higher contents of fat, protein, lactose and total solids than goats kept on pasture alone (Group D) or under a confined feeding system with concentrate and hays (Group A). Grazing significantly increased the concentration of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as -linolenic acid 0.49% (recorded from Group B). The milk from Group A (alfalfa hay and high concentrate) had an -linolenic acid content of 0.38%.
Effect of production season on protein fraction content in milk of various breeds of goats in Poland
International Journal of Dairy Technology, 2014
Milk of various goat breeds was analysed to assess the effect of production season on content of basic chemical components, with regard to whey proteins. Milk of goats in the productive herds (white and coloured coat) contained significantly (P < 0.01) more total protein, casein, fat, dry matter and functional whey proteins. The production season significantly determined the content of total protein (P < 0.01), casein (P < 0.01) and whey proteins (P < 0.05), including a-lactalbumin (P < 0.01) and lactoferrin (P < 0.01). A higher content of total protein and casein was found in the autumn-winter season and the content of whey proteins was higher in the spring-summer period.
A dairy sheep system was studied during 2005 (Y1) and 2006 (Y2) in a hill area in Sardinia in order to evaluate forage production and quality, animal performance and feedstuff consumption during the lactation period. The system consisted of 6 ha of natural pasture grazed at a stocking rate of 4 ewes ha -1 in Y1, and 6 ewes ha -1 in Y2. Average herbage on offer was not significantly different between the two years but it showed a significantly different pattern between seasons. Herbage allowance was higher in spring of Y1 than in Y2 (4.8 and 1.3 kg DM head -1 day -1 , P<0.001). Herbage quality was higher in Y1 than in Y2 (P<0.05) with no significant differences between seasons. Average daily milk yield per head was higher in Y1 than Y2 (P<0.001), whereas milk production per hectare was greater at the higher stocking rate (P<0.001). During winter the supplementary feeds provided 52-83% of the animals' total energetic requirements, but these values decreased to 14-45% i...
Small Ruminant Research, 2017
The interactive effect of breed and feeding management on milk composition was established in local goats (Damascus, Mamber) and their F1 Alpine crossbreeds, half of which grazed daily for 4 h in Mediterranean brushland (Pasture-P) and half were fed clover hay (Hay-H) indoors, in addition to concentrate fed individually. Milk composition and fatty acid profile were measured, and individual nutritional composition was estimated by fecal NIRS; DM intake was calculated from the proportion of dietary concentrate. Milk and feces were collected at 65 (pretreatment), 110, 135 and 170 days of lactation. DM intake was lower in the H vs. P group (P < 0.0001) in Damascus and Damascus crossbreed (P < 0.01), but not in the other breeds. The Alpine crossbreeds yielded 0.6 kg more milk (P < 0.001) than their local counterparts. P group yielded milk that was richer in protein (P < 0.01) and fat (P < 0.0001), especially in the Damascus breed. Urea concentration in milk was 66% higher in Hgroup of all breeds throughout the experiment (P < 0.001). H goats produced milk richer in medium-chain fatty acids (P < 0.001) and monounsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.01) than P goats. Omega 6 was higher for P goats with a strong breed x diet interaction effect (P < 0.01) in Mamber goats. The P group produced milk that was 20% richer in omega 3 than the H group (P < 0.0001). In the P group of Damascus goats, low omega 6/3 ratio was found compared with H
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2010
This survey was aimed to evaluate the characteristics of dairy farms in the North-Eastern part of Po valley in terms of ration composition, milk yield and N and P excretions. Eightynine farms, with Italian Holstein Friesian cows, were selected in order to cover different situations in term of farm size and milk yield (MY). MY and quality were obtained from the national database of functional controls. Each farm was visited in order to collect information about ingredients and chemical composition of rations used. Farms were classified in four groups differing for dietary crude protein density (L CP <15.3% DM; H CP �15.3% DM) and for MY (L MY <30 kg/d; H MY �30 kg/d). N and P excretions were quantified by following a mass balance approach. Dietary crude protein content (CP) was not correlated to milk yield (MY) and quality. The estimated amounts of N excreted, discounted for 28% of N losses in atmosphere, were 78.5, 78.2, 87.2 and 89.1 kg/cow/year, and P excreted were 20.2, 18.6, 18.7 and 19.8 kg/cow/year for the L CP L MY , L CP H MY , H CP L MY , H CP H MY groups, respectively. On corn silage and cereals based rations, a dietary CP of 14.3% DM can support 31 kg MY/cow/day.
The feeding supplementation schedule modifies productive response of grazing dairy goats
Revista MVZ Córdoba , 2022
Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the complementation schedule with an integral food in the production and chemical composition of the milk of lactating goats under grazing conditions in northern Mexico. Materials and methods. Twelve adult Saanen goats were assigned equitably and randomly to three treatments: control, morning complementation and evening complementation. It was measured dry matter consumption (DM), live weight (LW), body condition (CC), milk production (PL), chemical composition and performance of milk (protein, lactose and fat). Results. The highest total DM consumption was obtained in goats supplemented in the afternoon (p=0.02), and they were also the ones that produced the highest milk quantity (p<0.0001). The concentrations of protein (p=0.07) and lactose (p=0.10) in milk were not modified due to treatments. In contrast, the fat content in milk of the goats of the control group was higher (p<0.05) than the supplementation treatments. Conclusiones. Complementation in the afternoon improved the productive response of lactating goats in grazing during the dry season in northern Mexico.
Cheese yield, cheesemaking efficiency, and daily production of 6 breeds of goats
Journal of Dairy Science
Little is known about the complex process of cheesemaking at the individual level of dairy goats because of the difficulties of producing a high number of model cheeses. The objectives of this work were (1) to study the cheesemaking ability of goat milk; (2) to investigate the variability of cheesemaking-related traits among different farms; (3) to assess the effects of stage of lactation and parity; and (4) to compare 6 breeds of goat (Saanen and Camosciata delle Alpi for the Alpine type; Murciano-Granadina, Maltese, Sarda and Sarda Primitiva for the Mediterranean type) for their cheesemaking ability. For each goat (n = 560) we studied (1) 8 milk quality traits (fat, protein, total solids, casein, lactose, pH, somatic cell score, and bacterial count); (2) 4 milk nutrient recovery traits (fat, protein, total solids, and energy) in curd; (3) 3 actual cheese yield traits (fresh cheese, cheese solids, and cheese water); (4) 2 theoretical cheese yield values (fresh cheese and cheese solids) and the related cheesemaking efficiencies; and (5) daily milk yield and 3 daily cheese yield traits (fresh cheese, cheese solids, and water retained in the curd). With respect to individual animal factors, farm was not particularly important for recovery traits or actual and theoretical cheese yield and estimates of efficiency, whereas it highly influenced daily productions. Parity of goats influenced daily cheese production, whereas DIM slightly affected recovery as well as percent and daily cheese yield traits. Breed was the most important source of variation for almost all cheesemaking traits. Compared with those of Alpine type, the 4 Mediterranean breeds had, on average, lower daily milk and cheese productions, greater actual and theoretical cheese yield, and higher recovery of nutrients in the curd. Among Alpine type, Camosciata delle Alpi was characterized by greater nutrients recovery than Saanen. Within the 4 Mediterranean types, the 3 Italians produced much less milk per day, with much more fat and protein and greater recovery traits than the Murciano-Granadina, resulting in greater actual cheese yield. Within the Italian breeds, milk from Sarda and Sarda Primitiva was characterized by lower daily yields, higher protein and fat content, and greater recoveries of nutrients than Maltese goats. These results confirmed the potential of goat milk for cheese production and could be useful to give new possibilities and direction in breeding programs.
The Relationship between Body Condition and Milk Composition in Dairy Goats
Advanced Research in Life Sciences, 2018
A total of 46 Swiss alpine does were examined. We analysed the composition of the milk and evaluated the body condition of the animals (BCS: 0.5 to 4.5 scale) on the same day in the last third of lactation. Goats were grouped according to their body condition for statistical calculations. We found that there was a statistically detectable relationship between body condition and milk composition of the goats. Together with the increase of BCS, the fat, protein and mineral contents in the milk increased as well. Significantly more fat, protein and mineral contents were found in the milk (6.01%;3.55%; 0,98%) in case of the well-conditioned (BCS 3.5) animals than in the thin ones (BCS 1.5-2) (4.56%, 3.11%, 0.77%) (P<5%). The concentration of milk sugar was similar between thin and better conditioned groups of animals, so the body condition did not affect these values. The importance of our study is that, the high fat and protein content of milk increases the yield of dairy products. If the animals can produce milk that has higher fat and protein content, than we can produce more dairy products that will bring more economic benefits. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of body condition on milk yield and quality (milk composition) in dairy goats.