Adjustments in the tetrazolium test methodology for assessing the physiological quality of chickpea seeds (original) (raw)

Methodological adjustments to the tetrazolium test in coriander seeds

Journal of Seed Science

The reduction in the time to perform the tetrazolium test is critical in decision making at pre and post-harvest of seeds. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate different concentrations of the tetrazolium salt solution, temperatures, and staining times, to reduce the time for assessing the viability of coriander seeds by the tetrazolium test. The study was divided into two experiments conducted independently but sequentially. The seeds were evaluated for water content, germination, and viability in both experiments by the tetrazolium test. A completely randomized design was used, with four replications. For the tetrazolium test, the seeds were preconditioned by direct immersion in water for sixteen hours at 20 °C. In experiment I, the seeds were exposed to different concentrations of the tetrazolium salt solution (0.25; 0.5; 0.75; and 1.0%). In experiment II, different combinations of temperatures (35; 40; and 45 °C) and staining times (three, four, five, and six hours) were tested. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the best staining pattern of coriander seeds for performing the tetrazolium test is achieved by using the concentration of 0.5% tetrazolium salt solution for five hours at 40 °C.

Comparing procedures for performing tetrazolium test on carrot seeds

Horticultura Brasileira, 2018

The tetrazolium (TZ) test is one of the main methods to estimate vitality or viability and seed vigor. The aim of this study was to improve the methodology and reduce the execution time of tetrazolium test on carrot seeds, considering two existing references on this subject. Eight lots of ‘Brasilia’ carrot seeds were used. The hydration, during the pre-conditioning of the seeds, was done in two ways: directly in water during 18 hours and in rolls of filter paper during 2 hours. Seed color was analyzed through combinations between cutting types, concentration, period and temperature used during contact with the TZ solution. Three types of longitudinal cutting were used, before immersion in the tetrazolium solution: a) lateral and as distant as possible from the embryo distal to the embryo; b) partial, in the distal region opposite to the embryo, on about 1/3 of seed length; c) lateral and near the embryo, without reaching it. The used TZ concentrations were 0.1; 0.5 and 1.0%; periods...

Methodological adjustments to the tetrazolium test in rice seeds

Journal of Seed Science, 2017

Reducing the execution time of the tetrazolium test is important because it is used for making decisions during the preharvest and this test takes approximately 24 h. Thus, the goal of this research was to study preconditioning and staining periods and concentration of tetrazolium salt, in order to reduce the evaluation time of rice seed viability by tetrazolium test. Three independent experiments were conducted. In the first and second experiments, six rice seed lots from the BR Irga 424 cultivar were used. In the first experiment, different concentrations of tetrazolium salt (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 %) and staining times (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 h) were evaluated. In the second one, different hydration periods (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 h) at two temperatures (35 and 40 °C) were tested. In the third one, eight seed lots from the same cultivar were used, and the effectiveness of the modified tetrazolium test in the evaluation of rice seed viability was assesed. It is possible to carried out the tetrazolium test on rice using the hydration of peeled seeds for 1 h at 40 °C and staining for 1 h with a 0.25% salt concentration. Index terms: physiological quality, seed viability, Oryza sativa L. Ajustes metodológicos para o teste de tetrazólio em sementes de arroz RESUMO-A redução no tempo de execução do teste de tetrazólio é importante, pois esse teste muito utilizado para tomada de decisão em pré-colheita, consome aproximadamente 24 h. Dessa forma, objetivou-se nesta pesquisa estudar períodos de pré-condicionamento e de coloração e concentração do sal de tetrazólio visando reduzir o tempo de avaliação da viabilidade de sementes de arroz pelo teste de tetrazólio. Foram conduzidos três experimentos independentes, nos experimentos I e II foram utilizados seis lotes de sementes de arroz da cultivar BR Irga 424. No experimento I foram avaliadas diferentes concentrações do sal de tetrazólio (0,1; 0,25; 0,5 e 1%) e períodos de coloração (0,5; 1,0; e 2,0 h). No experimento II foram testados diferentes períodos de hidratação (0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 h) em duas temperaturas (35 e 40 °C). No experimento III foram utilizados oito lotes de sementes da mesma cultivar e foi avaliada a eficiência do teste de tetrazólio modificado na avaliação da viabilidade de sementes de arroz. É possível realizar o teste de tetrazólio em arroz utilizando hidratação de sementes descascadas por 1 h a 40 °C e coloração por 1 h com concentração do sal a 0,25%. Termos para indexação: qualidade fisiológica, viabilidade, Oryza sativa L.

Tetrazolium test to evaluate the viability of oil radish seeds

Bioscience Journal, 2015

The use of tetrazolium test is important in the evaluation of seeds lot quality and it has been adopted for vigor and viability identification for several species. The interest on the production of oil radish is increasing since the seeds were considered a good source of oil for biofuel production. The development of the tetrazolium test methodology for seeds of this species can improve the seed quality control process, and additionally will provide information for the characterization of remaining seeds (dead or dormant) in the germination tests. To verify the ideal conditions to tetrazolium test was conducted two experiments. At the first, oil radish seeds cultivar CATI AL-1000, lots from 2001 and 2006 were submitted to imbibition between paper in water for 6 hours. After the longitudinal cut in the longest direction, the seeds were immersed in the tetrazolium solution at the concentrations of 0,075%, 0,5% and 1% at 25°C for 3h, 12h and 18h. In the second experiment, oil radish seeds cultivar CATI AL-1000 lot from 2005 and IPR 116 cultivar, lots from 2004 and 2005 were immersed in the concentrations of ,1%; 0,2%; 0,3% and 0,4% of tetrazolium solution for 12 hours at a 25°C, 30°C, 35°C and 40°C. At the first experiment was observed the necessity of test intermediate concentrations between 0,075% and 0,5%, since with 0,075% the seeds stained weakly and with 0,5% the test results, were overestimated. In the second experiment was observed that the 0,3% concentration at 30°C can be recommended for the utilization of tetrazolium test to evaluation of oil radish seeds viability.

Physiological quality of chickpea seeds submitted to hydric and saline stress

2021

The use of seeds of high physiological quality can be a strategy to reduce problems in the development of seedlings and allow the proper establishment of the stand under different environmental conditions, especially under stress conditions, such as water and saline. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of water and salt stress on the physiological quality of seeds and on the growth of chickpea seedlings at different osmotic potentials, induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement (two osmotic solutions, PEG and NaCl and five osmotic potentials, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa), with four replications of 200 seeds each. Initially, the water content of the seeds was determined. In the treatment effects, the physiological quality and initial seedling growth were evaluated (germination, first germination count, abnormal seedlings, germination speed index, av...

Tetrazolium test to assess the viability of kale seeds

Journal of Seed Science

Tetrazolium test to assess the viability of kale seeds ABSTRACT: Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) has great importance due to its easy propagation, acceptability and nutraceutical properties. The aim of the present work was to make methodological adjustments to conduct the tetrazolium test in kale seeds. Pre-tests were initially carried out to assess the priming time at 20 °C for 10 and 14 hours (times defined by the imbibition curve) and methods of removing the coat of kale seeds (total removal of the seed coat; cut in the distal region to the embryonic axis; longitudinal cut along the longest axis and whole seeds). Subsequently, the most efficient methodologies were evaluated using different concentrations of the tetrazolium salt solution (0.075%; 0.2%; 0.5% and 1.0%) and times (2, 4 and 6 h) of seed immersion in the solution, using four lots. The seeds were analyzed individually and classified as viable or non-viable. The tetrazolium test is efficient for evaluating the viability of kale seeds, providing results correlated with germination. Kale seeds should be primed between paper for 10 hours at 20 °C, and the seed coat should be removed for immersion in a 0.5% tetrazolium salt solution for 4 hours at 30 °C.

Tetrazolium test adjustment for wheat seeds

Journal of Seed Science, 2013

The assessment of the germination test in wheat seeds varies from 4 to 15 days, because the species normally presents dormancy in freshly harvested seeds. The tetrazolium test can characterize seed viability in less than 24 hours including lots with dormancy seeds. The objective of this study was to develop a practical and efficient procedure for evaluating the viability of wheat seeds using the tetrazolium test. Five seed lots of the BRS 208 cultivar were used, where the following were tested: a) pre-conditioning between moist paper towels or direct immersion in water for 18 hours, at 20 °C; b) longitudinal section of the embryo and the endosperm; c) coloration on paper or by immersion for 2 and 3 hours, at 30 and 40 °C; and d) concentrations of tetrazolium solution at 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%. The tetrazolium test may be efficiently used to evaluate wheat seed viability by pre-conditioning the seeds between paper towels (18 hours, at 20 °C) and adopting the following combinatio...

An alternative procedure for evaluating the quality of castor seeds by the tetrazolium test

African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014

The use of fast technologies, which also permit efficient decisions on seeds lots quality, is fundamental to the seed industry. Five seeds lots of "IAC 80"and five seeds lots "AL Guarani 2002" cultivars were used to test an alternative procedure for evaluating the seed quality of castor seeds by the tetrazolium test. Seeds lots characteristics were determined by tests of germination, first count germination, seedling emergence, speed emergence index and initial stand. The seeds were imbibed in water at 30°C for 3 h for the tetrazolium test and submitted to three preparation methods: (1) a bevel cut in the region opposite to the caruncle; (2) removal of the coats and a bevel cut in the region opposite to the caruncle;

Viability of Carica papaya L. Seeds by the Tetrazolium Test

Journal of Agricultural Science, 2018

Germination test for papaya seeds demands thirty days to obtain the results, which is a long period for decision-making. Thus, rapid tests become essential tools to evaluate seed viability, and the tetrazolium test is an alternative for this purpose. Hence, this study aimed to establish the adequate procedure to apply this test, in order to reduce the time of evaluation of papaya seeds. For that, four tetrazolium solution concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) and three staining times (3, 6 and 9 hours) were tested at temperatures of 35 and 40 ºC. The experimental design was completely randomized in 4 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme (concentrations × staining times + one control = germination test). It was found that the tetrazolium test allows to evaluate the physiological quality of papaya seeds, thus reducing the time for decision-making. For the test, we recommend using the concentrations of 0.1% for 9 hours or 1% for 6 hours of staining, at temperature of 40 ºC.

Effect of seed enhancement treatment and seed rate on morphological components of chickpea

2020

Seed treatment with chemicals and coating with protectant enhance the seed yield and yield attributes of chickpea. The experiment consisted of six seed treatment combinations and one control and four seed rates in chickpea variety JG 14. The number of pods, nodes per plant and biological yield varied significantly as effect of various population densities which were higher at lower plant density and vice versa. Among the treatments significantly maximum number of nodes and pods per plant and biological yield were produced by Thiamethoxam @ 3g/ kg seed + Vitavax @ 2g/kg seed and the values were minimum in control. Significantly maximum and minimum harvest index was recorded in 45 kg and 75 kg seed rate per hectare respectively. Significantly maximum seed yield was produced by planting 45 kg seed rate per hectare and it was significantly lower in 75 kg /ha seed rate. Treatment with Vitavax and Thiamethoxam resulted in low insect and pathogen infection ultimately producing healthier pl...