Issue-Based Complexity: Digitally Supported Negotiation in Geodesign Linking Planning and Implementation (original) (raw)

Collaboration in planning: The Geodesign approach

2016

This paper proposes a critical review of Geodesign methods and techniques which can be used to carry out collaborative design in participatory processes. The case study of a Geodesign workshop held in 2016 Cagliari (Italy) shows how it is possible to involve teams of members of the community in what is perhaps the most critical phase of a spatial planning process that is putting knowledge into action through the collaborative design of future change alternatives, and their choice based on negotiation. In addition, a discussion of further potential of the Geodesign approach in public participation is discussed with reference to both knowledge creation and community value and preferences accounting.

Integrating geodesign and game experiments for negotiating urban development

In this article we explore an expansion of geodesign to analyze processes of competition and cooperation by combining it with game-theoretical modelling and experiments. We test the applicability of facilitating these two fields in an integrated workshop by analysing the case study of oversupply of development sites in the Liemers corridor. Two workshops were held, with representatives of the six municipalities involved and with the regional and provincial authority, in which participants negotiated over the distribution of the supply of development sites. The workshops were performed around an interactive MapTable, with spatial information (from GIS) and financial information (from the game-theoretical model) being visualized in real-time. The integrated workshops were assessed to discover differences in terms of process and outcomes, and they examine whether and how learning takes place. We conclude that the combination of game theory and geodesign provides added value for planning support by facilitating a realistic discussion, and negotiation that is strongly connected to real-life locations, and by aiming at designing a common, collaborative solution. Through the integrated workshop learning about the problem of oversupply in financial and geographical terms and also about each other’s motives and behaviour is stimulated.

Spatial Game for Negotiations and Consensus Building in Urban Planning: YouPlaceIt

In: Ahlqvist and Schlieder (eds) Geogames and Geoplay: Game-based Approaches to the Analysis of Geo-Information, 2018

The main goal of this paper is to assess whether it is possible to develop a digital spatial game that can enable negotiations about planned urban projects. Negotiation is a complex process, especially when it comes to natural resources that are often scarce such as land, buildings, and housing. Can these complex negotiation mechanisms be facilitated by a negotiation game offered to the stakeholders online? What are the possibilities for its implementation? What are the limitations of this approach? We study these questions on a case study of revitalization in Dharavi, a large low-income area in Mumbai, India. A prototype of a game YouPlaceIt! has been implemented with the goal to study the implementation of online place-based negotiations and consensus building. The game uses online satellite images for the spatial orientation and game space. The stakeholders can use the game environment to suggest a road construction, draw the lines for the suggested road construction, comment on other players' suggested road constructions and negotiate based on price. The complexity of the model lies in the design and implementation of online game-based negotiations. This paper summarizes our research findings and concludes with a discussion and directions for further research.

Geodesign Process Model: the Role of Visualisation in Feasibility Study of Urban Parameters

2015

The paper investigates the Geodesign framework in designing a building according to existing normative, using the case study of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, to illustrate the process. The methodology is descriptive and based on an interview with an expert in this area and on the consultation of relevant local official urban regulation. The aim is to decode several steps and tools that are part of the everyday practice of a professional who deals with normative in Belo Horizonte. Thus, the main objectives are: (i) capture the process steps and bring it into a visual plan; (ii) highlight the tools used by professionals to decode local normative; (iii) visualise the entire set of actions that make up the process; (iv) elucidate an important step that may eventually become part of a Planning Support System. In particular, the main goal is to focus on one situation and identify possible tools and processes that might contribute to truly sharing the urban codes which determine the construction...

GeoVEs as Tools to Communicate in Urban Projects: Requirements for Functionality and Visualization

Urban planning is a complex decision-making process involving a large number of actors who interact intensively. Such groups often have conflicting expectations and backgrounds. Therefore, consultation and interaction is vital for the success of urban projects. A Geo-Virtual Environment (geoVE) can play an important role as a communication tool in the field of spatial planning, but such tools are still in limited use. We investigate the requirements for visualization in urban planning by analyzing user perceptions of visual materials and their needs for interaction in the different urban phases. The study is completed with the cooperation of several large municipalities in the Netherlands.

Geodesign as a Process: From Modelling to Enactment

This paper concerns the perspective of Geodesign as a process. As such, the Geodesign process should be carefully designed and managed. To address this issue the concept of metaplanning is proposed in a novel way for its operational implementation relying on Business Process Management methods and tools. This approach, is argued in the paper, may improve both the process and the development of supporting technology, opening the path towards 2 nd generation process-oriented Planning Support Systems.

From Spatial Data Infrastructures to Planning Support Systems

Abstract Developments in Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) offer spatial planners unprecedented wealth of digital spatial data and services, which may be used to support more informed decision-making in urban and regional planning. However, these resources are often underexploited due to lack of the necessary skills by practitioners, so missing the opportunity for innovation in the planning practices. Geodesign is an emerging approach which bridges the gap between spatial planning and design, and Geographic Information Science. The main underlying assumption in Geodesign is that geographic knowledge and geo-information technologies can support more informed design and sustainable decision-making in urban and regional planning. This contribution presents two different approaches developed by the authors to research in Geodesign. The first approach concerns the development of methodology-oriented 1st generation Planning Support Systems (PSS 1.0) for Local Land-Use Planning and Strate...