Efficacy of throwing exercise with TheraBand in male volleyball players with shoulder internal rotation deficit: a randomized controlled trial (original) (raw)
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Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2018
"Background: The shoulder joint internal rotation deficit is inter alia the most important risk factors for throwing athletes. Thus, the present study aims at investigating the effect of eight weeks of rotator cuff muscles’ specific exercises on the range of motion, proprioception and the activation time of the selective shoulder muscles in male volleyball players with shoulder joint internal rotation deficit. Methods: Thirty male athletes with shoulder joint internal rotation deficit took part in the present study and after preliminary screening and identification of the qualified athletes, the testes were assigned to two groups: experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). Results: The results of the statistical tests indicated that rotator cuff muscles’ specific exercises have had a significant effect on the range of motion, proprioception and electrical activation of the anterior deltoid muscle, medial deltoid muscle, posterior deltoid muscle, infraspinatus and supraspinatus. Conclusion: According to the positive influence of the rotator cuff muscles’ specific exercises, it is recommended that these rotator cuff muscles’ specific exercises should be added to the rehabilitation-therapy programs for male volleyball players with shoulder joint internal rotation deficit so that the limitations resulting from such a deficit in the range of motion could be eased."
Context: Glenohumeral internal rotation deficiency (GIRD) and lower eccentric external rotator (ER) to concentric internal rotator (IR) strength (ER:IR) ratio have been documented as risk factors for shoulder injuries but there is no information whether GIRD has an adverse affect on ER:IR ratio in adolescent overhead athletes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the affects of GIRD on functional ER:IR ratio of the adolescent overhead athletes. Design: Cross-Sectional Study. Setting: University Search Laboratory. Patients or other participants: Fifty-two adolescent overhead athletes participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: To determine the GIRD, the range of glenohumeral internal and external rotation motion was measured with the use of a digital inclinometer. An isokinetic dynamometer was used for the assessment of eccentric and concentric IR and ER muscle strength of the dominant and non-dominant shoulders. One way ANCOVA where sport type was set as a covariate was used to analyze the difference between athletes with and without GIRD. Results: After standardized examinations of all shoulders, the athletes were divided into 2 different groups, which were shoulders with GIRD (n=27) and without GIRD (n=25).
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 2005
Study Design: Fine-wire EMG rotator cuff onset time analysis in 2 matched groups of throwers with and without pain. Objective: To identify if there is a difference in the activation patterns of the rotator cuff muscles during a rapid shoulder external rotation task between throwers with and without pain. Background: The coordinated action of the rotator cuff is recognized as essential for glenohumeral joint control in the throwing athlete. Identification of abnormalities occurring in muscle activation patterns for injured athletes is relevant when prescribing rehabilitative exercises. Methods and Measures: Twelve throwers with shoulder pain were compared to a matched group of 11 asymptomatic throwers. Participants were matched for age, height, body mass, and habitual activity. Fine-wire EMG electrodes were inserted into the subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus. EMG activity was measured during a reaction time task of rapid shoulder external rotation in a seated position. The timing of onset of EMG activity was analyzed in relation to visualization of a light (reaction time) and to the onset of infraspinatus activity (relative latency). Results: In the group with shoulder pain, the onset of subscapularis activity was found to be significantly delayed (reaction time, P = .0018; relative latency, P = .0005) from the onset of infraspinatus activity when compared to the control group. Conclusions: The presence of shoulder pain in these athletes was associated with a difference in the onset of subscapularis EMG activity during a rapid shoulder external rotation movement. This was an initial step in the understanding of the joint protection mechanisms of the glenohumeral joint and the problems that occur in throwers. This information may assist in providing future guidelines for more effective rehabilitation and prevention strategies for this condition. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2005;35:812-820.
Strength Values of Shoulder Internal and External Rotators in Elite Volleyball Players
Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
Objective:To determine concentric shoulder external-internal rotator strength, dominant and non-dominant shoulder differences and agonist/antagonist ratios.Design:A transversal study of isokinetic dynamometry of healthy shoulders, 95% confidence intervals are presented.Participants:35 asymptomatic elite, male volleyball players.Measurements:Peak torque normalized for body weight was recorded at 60, 180, and 300°/sec. with a Cybex 6000 dynamometer.Results:(1) internal rotators were significantly stronger than external rotators of the same shoulder; (2) internal rotators of the dominant arm were significantly stronger than of the non-dominant arm; (3) no difference existed between external rotators of the dominant and the non-dominant arm; (4) external–internal rotator ratios of the dominant arm were significantly lower than of the non-dominant arm; and (5) no differences were found between the ratios of each arm separately.Conclusions:Data presented are important for interpreting iso...
Journal of Athletic Training, 2009
Context: Repetitive throwing at high velocities leads to altered range of motion (ROM) in the dominant shoulder compared with the nondominant shoulder in overhead-throwing athletes. Loss of glenohumeral internal rotation (IR), or glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit (GIRD), is associated with shoulder injuries. Therefore, GIRD should be evaluated during the clinical examination of the thrower's shoulder.
International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2009
highly involved with internal rotation force production [5]. The isometric [13] and isokinetic protocols in both eccentric [9] and concentric [19] conditions were found to be reliable considering torque measurements of the external and internal shoulder rotators. The isometric and isokinetic studies were then used widely to assess torque imbalance in shoulder rotations in sports such as badminton [22] , waterpolo [20] , tennis [7, 21] , handball [3] and volleyball [1, 30, 31, 33]. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on assessing both torque production and muscle electromyographic activities in the shoulder rotators of volleyball players [33]. Thus, the aim of this pilot study was then to characterize muscle mechanical properties associated with surface electromyographic activations during external and internal shoulder rotation in amateur (Amat VB) and professional volleyball (Pro VB) players. The examination was conducted to identify the possible defi cit induced by this intensive practice
Isokinetic strength testing of shoulder rotators in collegiate throw ball players
International journal of physical education, sports and health, 2022
Background and Objectives: Throwball involves repetitive shoulder rotations leading to the overuse of shoulder rotators causing several internal risk factors for shoulder problems. Reduction in the range and strength of shoulder rotators is major risk or cause for shoulder injuries. Hence, the primary objective of the study is to determining isokinetic strength of shoulder rotators in collegiate throwball payers. The secondary objectives are to determine the rotator strength on shoulder rotators in non-players and compare the strength between the two groups. Methods: Sample size was estimated to be 60 females between 18-25years, 30players (20.05+1.39) and 30 nonplayers (19.96+1.33); height (157.36+5.92 players; 158.18+5.38 non-players); weight (59.66+14.60 players; 63.24+12.63 non-players) participated in this cross-sectional study. Concentric and concentric peak torque of internal and external rotator ROM and strength was assessed. Three speeds of 180 0 /s, 120 0 /s and 60 0 /s was used. Results: The dominant side presented higher mean values for peak torque for IR in players at all three speeds; the non-dominant side presented higher mean peak for in ER in both the groups at all three speeds. In the non-players group, the dominant limb presented higher mean peak torque values in IR at 180 0 /s and 60 0 /s whereas the non-dominant limb presented higher peak for IR at 120 0 /s. However, only the mean peak torque of IR at 60 0 /s had significant difference (15.65+3.23 for players; 13.2+3.54 for non-players) with p=0.02 and t-value=2.32. Interpretation and Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the players and nonplayers which implies that the players need to be trained for rotator strengthening especially external rotators as muscle strength imbalance between the agonist and antagonist is one of the major risk factors for shoulder injuries. The values obtained for the strength of the players can be used as reference for further studies for population-specific isokinetic data profile for both rehabilitation and prevention.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2018
Introduction: Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) indicates a 15° or greater loss of internal rotation of the throwing shoulder compared with the non-dominant shoulder. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of GIRD in collegiate overhead sports player and determine whether GIRD is associated with scapular dyskinesia and rotator cuff strength ratio. Materials and Methods: The present study was a Crosssectional study. A total of 127 collegiate athletes were assessed for passive range of motion, external to internal rotation strength ratio (ER/IR ratio) and scapular dyskinesia for the throwing and non-throwing shoulder. Internal and external rotation of shoulder was measured using an inclinometer with the subject in prone and arm abducted to 90°. Scapular dyskinesia was measured using Lateral Scapula Slide test (LSST) and external to internal rotator strength was measured using a held hand isometric dynamometer. Chi-square test was used to find the association between GIRD and scapular dyskinesia and rotator cuff strength ratio. Results: Prevalence of GIRD (n=37) was found to be 29.1%. GIRD was not found to be associated with Scapular dyskinesia (p=0.237) and ER/IR strength ratio (p=0.411). Conclusion: Prevalence of GIRD in collegiate athletes playing overhead sports was found to be 29.1% and there was no association of GIRD with scapular dyskinesia, rotator cuff strength ratio.
International Archives of Medicine, 2016
Background: Volleyball is a sport characterized by short, intensive and explosive actions. In the performance of these repetitive movements, the shoulder joint receives the largest load. Therefore, a detailed assessment of biomechanics and muscle performance is fundamental in the evaluation, treatment and in prevention of shoulder injuries in volleyball athletes. Methods and Findings: Information from a database concerning the isokinetic evaluation of the shoulder's external and internal rotator muscles at the 60°/s and 180°/s angular velocities from 20 adolescent male volleyball athletes under 17 years of age was assessed. At a velocity of 60°/s the average values for internal rotators on the nondominant limb were significantly smaller than those of the dominant limb, and at a velocity of 180°/s both the internal and external rotators average values for the non-dominant limb were significantly smaller than those for the dominant limb. For the external-internal rotator ratio analyses, there was no significant difference between the limbs. Conclusions: In conclusion, the unilateral demands during typical movements in volleyball resulted in higher peak torque values for the dominant limb in comparison to that of the non-dominant limb. For the external-internal rotators ratio, no relevant differences were found between limbs, and the average values were within the parameters of normality.
Electromyographic Analysis of Shoulder Girdle Muscles During Common Internal Rotation Exercises
International journal of sports physical therapy, 2015
High level throwing performance requires the development of effective muscle activation within shoulder girdle muscles particularly during forceful internal rotation (IR) motions. Controlled Laboratory Descriptive Study. To investigate activation pattern of 16 shoulder girdle muscles/muscle sub-regions during three common shoulder IR exercises. EMG was recorded in 30 healthy subjects from 16 shoulder girdle muscles/muscle sub-regions (surface electrode: anterior, middle and posterior deltoid, upper, middle and lower trapezius, serratus anterior, teres major, upper and lower latissimus dorsi, upper and lower pectoralis major; fine wire electrodes: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and rhomboid major) using a telemetric EMG system. Three IR exercises (standing IR at 0° and 90° of Abduction, and IR at Zero-Position) were studied. EMG amplitudes were normalized to EMGmax (EMG at maximal IR force in a standard position) and compared using one-way repeated-measures analysis of v...