INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD Heavy metal treatment by a new adsorption method from polluted drinking waters (original) (raw)

Wastewater containing copper and cadmium can be produced by different types of industries. The average increasing of heavy metal accumulation in the environment has led to new and improved cleaning technologies. In this regard, an innovative heavy metal removal process composed of biosorption was developed [1]. The study of [2] shows the result of heavy metal measurements with ICP-MS. Their conclusions were applied in our study also. They determined the full method of measurements from the injection to the data analyse. The ICP-MS technique is sutibale for the measurement of different heavy metal concentrations in natural water samples [2]. [3] studied heavy metals' and PAH's concentrations in agricultural and urban water samples. They determined the relationship between the heavy metal concentrations and the agricultural produces. The study of [4] covers the comparison of various types of waste biomass including bacteria, yeast fungi and activated sludge for their efficiency in the biosorption, sedimentation and desorption stages in the removal of zinc, copper and nickel ions. Single heavy metal solutions were studied in the biosorption experiments. In point of wiev of biosorption (in case of zinc, copper and nickel) was found the best the next bacterias A. nodosum, S. simosus and F. vesiculosus. Overall, among the biomass tested, A. nodosum, S. simosus, F. vesiculosus and P. chrysogenum were found to have the highest potential for use in the heavy metal removal process [4] [5]. The occurrence and the fate of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni and Fe) during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in wastewater settlement of the city of Thessaloniki (Greece), operating in the activated sludge mode [6]. The wastewater and sludge samples were collected from six different points of the settlement, namely: the influent and the effluent of the primary sedimentation tank, the effluent of the secondary sedimentation tank, sludge from the primary sedimentation tank, activated sludge form the recirculation stream. An exponential correlation was found between the metal partition coefficient, logKp, and the suspended solids concentration. The mass balance of heavy metals in the primary, secondary and the whole treatment process showed good closures for metal species [7] [8]. All heavy metals were detectable in the wastewater samples with a frequency of occurrence about 100% and only Pb was detected at lower frequency (90%). [9] reported that the phase distribution of individual metals exhibited only small change during the treatment process with a slight progressive increase of the dissolved phase of some metals after each treatment step. [10] reported in their study that the sorption of copper and cadmium ions using activated carbon, waste materials (such as compost, cellulose pulp waste and anaerobic sludge) as sorbent. According to the study the copper being preferentially adsorbed by all materials the exception of anaerobic sludge [11] [12]. [13] presented that reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) technologies for the treatment of wastewater containing copper and cadmium ions to reduce environmental load. The synthetic wastewater samples containing copper and cadmium ions at various concentrations were prepared in the laboratory. The results showed that high