Nutritionally Attenuating the Human Gut Microbiome To Prevent and Manage Metabolic Syndrome (original) (raw)
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Nutrition, the gut microbiome and the metabolic syndrome
Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 2013
Metabolic syndrome is a lifestyle disease, determined by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Obesity is a significant risk factor for development of the metabolic syndrome, and the prevalence of obesity is increasing due to changes in lifestyle and diet. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important contributor to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders, through its interactions with environmental (e.g. diet) and genetic factors. Human and animal studies have shown that alterations in intestinal microbiota composition and shifts in the gut microbiome towards increased energy harvest are associated with an obese phenotype. However, the underlying mechanisms by which gut microbiota affects host metabolism still need to be defined. In this review we discuss the complexity surrounding the interactions between diet and the gut microbiota, and their connection to obesity. Furthermore, we review the literature on the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the gut microbiota and host metabolism, focussing primarily on their anti-obesity potential.
Gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome
Internal and Emergency Medicine, 2013
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a set of risk factors that can eventually lead to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. A detailed understanding of the MetS mechanism will be helpful in developing effective prevention strategies and appropriate intervention tools. In this article, we discuss the relationship between the clinical symptoms of MetS and differences in the gut microbial community compared with healthy individuals, characterized by the proliferation of potentially harmful bacteria and the inhibition of beneficial ones. Interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism have been shown to be mediated by a number of factors, including inflammation caused by gut barrier defects, short-chain fatty acids metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. However, although we can clearly establish a causal relationship between gut microbial profiles and MetS in animal experiments, the relationship between them is still controversial in humans. Therefore, we need more clinical studies to augment our understanding of how we can manipulate the gut microbiota and address the role of the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of MetS.
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Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2020
Humans have a symbiotic relationship with gut microbiota, normally comprised of greater amount of the phyla firmicutes as opposed to Bacteroidetes. Which are respectfully categorized as gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Their gut microbiome facilitates metabolism of substances which are otherwise indigestible to humans. Relevant literature reiterates their vital role to our daily life. Amongst individuals with metabolic disease syndrome (MetS) or/and obesity have shown to have disproportionate microbiome compared to healthy individuals. Giving rise to therapeutic options such as, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics as well as an educated diet. GPB, which have been shown to be a protective factor against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced gut-barrier dysfunctions and gut inflammation that are considered to be risk factors against MetS and obesity. In turn, the amount of GNB have a positive correlation with LPS. Relevant research supports dietary effects on microbiome and by extension on MetS and obesity. The authors acknowledge the need for more research and increased education to the general population, as well as to specialists about these implications.
Dietary Strategies for Management of Metabolic Syndrome: Role of Gut Microbiota Metabolites
Nutrients, 2021
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex pathophysiological state with incidence similar to that of a global epidemic and represents a risk factor for the onset of chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases (NCDDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and some types of cancer. A plethora of literature data suggest the potential role of gut microbiota in interfering with the host metabolism, thus influencing several MetS risk factors. Perturbation of the gut microbiota’s composition and activity, a condition known as dysbiosis, is involved in the etiopathogenesis of multiple chronic diseases. Recent studies have shown that some micro-organism-derived metabolites (including trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate) induce subclinical inflammatory processes involved in MetS. Gut microbiota’s taxonomic species or abundance are modified by many factors, i...
Modulation of Gut Microbiota in the Management of Metabolic Disorders: The Prospects and Challenges
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2014
The gut microbiota plays a number of important roles including digestion, metabolism, extraction of nutrients, synthesis of vitamins, prevention against pathogen colonization, and modulation of the immune system. Alterations or changes in composition and biodiversity of the gut microbiota have been associated with many gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Recent evidence suggests that altered composition and diversity of gut microbiota may play a role in the increased prevalence of metabolic diseases. This review article has two main objectives. First, it underscores approaches (such as probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobial agents, bariatric surgery, and weight loss strategies) and their prospects in modulating the gut microbiota in the management of metabolic diseases. Second, it highlights some of the current challenges and discusses areas of future research as it relates to the gut microbiota and metabolic diseases. The prospect of modulating the gut microbiota seems promising. However, considering that research investigating the role of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases is still in its infancy, more rigorous and well-designed in vitro, animal and clinical studies are needed.
Influences of gastrointestinal microbiotica and short chain fatty acids on metabolic syndrome
2014
The human gut microbiota, our lifestyle, our diet and our health are clearly associated. The microbial genome has 100 times more genes than the human genome with more than 3 million genes. Several studies provided detailed insight into host–microbiota interactions, for example with the metabolic system, immune system and central nervous system. Recent findings have identified specific microbiota profiles and metabolites as predictors of disease risk as well as determining the microbial species which correlate with health and disease. The bacterial composition and its metabolites have an effect on the human host. And the host with its lifestyle has an impact on the microbiota shift. The analysis of short chain fatty acid producers, in particular F. prausnitzii, and their association with nutrition, age, food intolerances, obesity and metabolic disorders in humans, were the focus of my dissertation. F. prausnitzii is more common in subjects with high intestinal gut microbiota gene con...
2018
The modification the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome and associated chronic 16 diseases is among leading tasks of microbiome research and needs for clinical use of probiotics. 17 Evidence lack for the implications for microbiome modification to improve metabolic health in 18 particular when applied impersonalized. Probiotics have tremendous potential in personalized 19 nutrition and medicine to develop healthy diets. The aim was to to conduct comprehensive 20 overview of recent updates of role of microbiota on human health and development of metabolic 21 syndrome and efficacy of microbiota modulation considering specific properties of probiotic strain 22 and particular aspects of metabolic syndrome and patient`s phenotype to fill the gap between 23 probiotic product and individual to facilitate development of individualized / personalized 24 probiotic and prebiotic treatments. We discuss the relevance of using host phenotype-associated 25 biomarkers, those based on imaging and ...
Can We Prevent Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases by Dietary Modulation of the Gut Microbiota? 1
Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, which are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases are characterized by specific alterations in the human gut microbiota. Experimental studies with gut microbiota transplantations in mice and in humans indicate that a specific gut microbiota composition can be the cause and not just the consequence of the obese state and metabolic disease, which suggests a potential for gut microbiota modulation in prevention and treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases. In addition, dietary intervention studies have suggested that modulation of the gut microbiota can improve metabolic risk markers in humans, but a causal role of the gut microbiota in such studies has not yet been established. Here, we review and discuss the role of the gut microbiota in obesity-related metabolic diseases and the potential of dietary modulation of the gut microbiota in metabolic disease prevention and treatment. Adv Nutr 2016;7:90-101.
Gut microbiome and metabolic diseases
Seminars in Immunopathology, 2013
The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related disorders is increasing worldwide. In the last decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important factor in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, through its interactions with dietary, environmental, and host genetic factors. Various studies have shown that alteration of the gut microbiota, shifting it toward increased energy harvest, is associated with an obese phenotype. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects host metabolism are still obscure. In this review, we discuss the complexity of the gut microbiota and its relationship to obesity and obesity-related diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the anti-obesity potential of probiotics and prebiotics.
Can We Prevent Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases by Dietary Modulation of the Gut Microbiota?
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2016
Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, which are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases are characterized by specific alterations in the human gut microbiota. Experimental studies with gut microbiota transplantations in mice and in humans indicate that a specific gut microbiota composition can be the cause and not just the consequence of the obese state and metabolic disease, which suggests a potential for gut microbiota modulation in prevention and treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases. In addition, dietary intervention studies have suggested that modulation of the gut microbiota can improve metabolic risk markers in humans, but a causal role of the gut microbiota in such studies has not yet been established. Here, we review and discuss the role of the gut microbiota in obesity-related metabolic diseases and the potential of dietary modulation of the gut microbiota i...