The army’s participation in maintaining the public order in the Kingdom of Hungary between 1867–1918 (original) (raw)

MILITARY JURISDICTION IN HUNGARY AT THE TIME OF THE DUALISM (1867 - 1918)

2017

This volume set the objective of collecting and synthesizing the legislations apply to the military jurisdiction of the period between 1867 and 1918. During this, it tries to insert the military rules into the constitutional rules of the examined period; not forgetting the social conditions either. So the volume undertakes much more than the introduction of the examined period's legislation; it tries to introduce the parliamentary manifestations beyond the legal regulations, the journalist interactions and the professional lawyers' standpoints.

Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie and Political Violence in "Happy Peaceful Times" (1881-1914)

Crime, Histoire & Sociétés / Crime, History & Societies, 2021

This paper deals with the social-political tensions in late Habsburg Hungary by exploring the coercive conduct of the Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie from its creation in 1881 up to the First World War. Through an analysis of narrative and statistical primary sources, the paper shows how the gendarmerie protected the dualist system from the perceived threats of nationalist and labour movements. It attempts to establish the situations in which the gendarmes resorted to physical aggression, how its dynamic changed over time, and the regions where the levels of force exercised by the gendarmerie were higher. Altogether, it argues that widespread physical violence was a central feature of social-political conflicts in pre-WW1 Hungary, with the gendarmes playing a crucial role. Cet article traite des tensions socio-politiques dans la Hongrie de la fin des Habsbourg en explorant des pratiques répressives de la gendarmerie royale hongroise de sa création en 1881 jusqu’à la Première Guerre mondiale. Une analyse qualitative et statistique de sources primaires montre comment la gendarmerie a protégé la double monarchie contre les menaces perçues des mouvements nationalistes et ouvriers. Cet article cherche à identifier les situations où les gendarmes ont eu recours aux violences physiques, les régions où les violences étaient les plus fortes et comment elles ont évolué au cours du temps. Il défend que le recours aux violences physiques, notamment sous l’action des gendarmes royaux, est une caractéristique clé des conflits socio-politiques dans la Hongrie de la Belle Époque.

Hungarian Ministry of the Interior and its Civil Servants in the Post-war Turmoil

Hofratsdämmerung? Verwaltung und ihr Personal in den Nachfolgestaaten der Habsburgermonarchie 1918 bis 1920, 2020

This chapter offers some preliminary results of an ongoing research on Hungarian administrative personnel during the interwar period. The present study addresses the particular crisis period following the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1918-1920) during which a monarchy, a democratic republic, a soviet republic and a counter-revolutionary government followed each other, as emerged a conservative regime – the Horthy regime. It aims to investigate the modalities of the great transformation that reshaped both the administrative structures and their personnel, and to tackle the issue of the failure of democratization of public administration. The ministry (Commissariat) of the Interior, who was in charge of the state personnel, is particularly scrutinized.

Historical Aspects of the Catholic Church’s Role in the Police Forces in Hungary

Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science, 2013

This study presents the police forces in Hungary during the Austro–Hungarian Empire, complete with an analysis of the period between the two world wars. The presentation of organization and structure aims to introduce and analyze the system of relations mainly between the Catholic Church and the police forces. As to the author’s research on local history, when comparing the gendarmerie (in Hungarian “Csendőrség”) and the town police, the study primarily focuses on the police forces of the Royal Town of Sopron and the Royal County of Sopron. The goal is to prove that pastoral care, established through the cooperation between the institutions of pastoral care and the armed forces, was operating within an effective framework during the period encompassing the two world wars.

Soldiers in the Revolution: Violence and Consolidation in 1918 in the Territory of the Disintegrating Kingdom of Hungary

Hungarian Historical Review, 2022

, as in other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, a large wave of violence swept across the territory of the crumbling Kingdom of Hungary. Soldiers returning from the fronts played a key role in the acts of looting that were committed everywhere. At the same time, many of the soldiers joined the various paramilitary policing units that were being formed. In the traditional historiography, one finds essentially two attempts to explain the behavior of these soldiers. Leftleaning interpretations have tended to characterize the events as precursors to an early agrarian socialist revolution, while more nationalistic interpretations have seen them as the first steps in a national revolution. Drawing on archival sources which until now have remained unused, this essay discusses the background and motivations of the soldiers involved in the looting. It then analyses the circumstances surrounding the formation of law enforcement guard forces and the motivations of those who joined these forces.

Historical aspects of the role of religion in the police forces in Hungary

This study presents the police forces in Hungary during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, completed with an analysis of the period between the two world wars. The presentation of organization and structure aims to introduce and analyze the system of relations mainly between the churches and the police forces. Because of the author's research on local history, when comparing the Gendarmerie (called in Hungarian " Csendőrség ") and the town police, the study primarily focuses on the police forces of the Royal Town of Sopron and the Royal County of Sopron. The goal is to prove that pastoral care, established through the cooperation between the institutions of pastoral care and the armed forces, was operating within an effective framework during the period encompassing the two world wars.

The History of Law Enforcement Culture in Hungary

Belügyi Szemle, 2020

In Hungary, Ágoston Karvasy was an early pioneer writing about the history of law enforcement. In his first study he defined the concept of law enforcement as a science. The idea of establishing a national police organisation was first mentioned after the reform era but it has not been realized that time but only in the year of 1872. However, the first professional journal of law enforcement was published in 1869 and the word police officer as the ʻguard of the order’ appeared in the Hungarian language in 1870. The scope of authority and jurisdiction of the Police was declared in a law passed in 1881. In 1873 the Metropolitan Police Department was established and in 1905 the Border Police and the Police Department of Fiume were established. In the period between 1945-47, the police continuously emerged. Although the State Security Office was destroyed by the revolution of October 1956 and it was not restored afterwards, it has not effected the Police itself. The organizational cultu...

Transformations of the officer corps in Hungary (1900-1940)

Historical Social Research, 2008

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (Ausgleich) a new national Honved army was set up, but four fifth of the conscripts from Hungary as well as half of the Hungarian officers were actually drafted in the k.u. k (royal and imperial) 'common Army' of the Habsburg Monarchy. There remained only 6 % later 8 % Hungarians in the 'common' k. u. k. officer corps. In the 1870 half of these Hungarian officers and even in the 1900s some 40 % were still noblemen. The Honved officer corps of the 1870s was a strange mix ture. The elderly veterans of the 1848 revolution and war of independence were mostly noblemen. On the contrary, there was a number of peasant boys and others of humble social background among the younger subalterns, since the Honved army did not appear as distinguished enough socially for the 'better families'. Later these differences tended to disappear and by the early 20th century the Honved officer corps was considered of quite similar social and mili...

THE INTER-ALLIED MILITARY COMMISSION OF CONTROL AND THE MILITARY CONTROL OF HUNGARY BETWEEN 1921 AND 1927

Hungary was controlled by a Commission of Military Control after the 1st World War. The supervision was done by an international military commission of control, which got involved in both military decisions and issues of foreign policy. While the commission was originally planned to be a neutral and politically independent, the political attachment of the involved nations essentially made the organization a lobby group stationed in Hungary. The analysis of how conflicts of interest were dealt with during crisis situations should be especially interesting for academics. The Inter-Allied Military Commission of Control (hereinafter IMCC) was lead by three consecutive Italian officers, who not only managed to keep IMCC together, but even found a way to use their connections to improve Italian positions in Hungary. This study aims to explain the structure and the function of IMCC in addition to showing its influence on the Army’s improvement.