Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents (original) (raw)
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Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
Aim: To evaluate the total homocysteine (tHcy) level, a risk factor for atherosclerosis, atherothrombosis, and insulin resistance, for sex and pubertal state diff erences in obese children. Its relationship with metabolic and anthropometric parameters was also investigated. Materials and methods: Th e study involved obese children with a body mass index (BMI) above the 95th percentile who presented with the complaint of excessive weight gain, and healthy children with a BMI below the 85th percentile. Results: Th e study included 100 obese (mean age: 10.2 ± 2.7 years) and 71 healthy nonobese (mean age: 10.9 ± 2.6) children. A comparison of the data from the obese group and the control group revealed that the diff erences in BMI, BMI standard deviation score, tHcy, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), insulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were statistically signifi cant (P < 0.05). In the obese group, the tHcy level was statistically signifi cantly correlated with age and BMI, TG, and HDL levels (P < 0.05), while it was not statistically signifi cantly correlated with total cholesterol, LDL, fasting glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR levels (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Th e results of this study showed that the tHcy level was higher in obese children than in healthy children. However, the tHcy level was not signifi cantly correlated with insulin resistance in obese children. Obese children should be routinely screened for high tHcy levels due to the potential atherosclerosis risks, and patients with high tHcy levels should be treated.
Annals of Saudi medicine
An elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level has recently been established as an independent risk factor for thrombosis and vascular disease. However, the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular disease and obesity remains controversial. The aim of the study was to investigate a possible relationship between plasma tHcy levels and measures of childhood obesity. Forty children and adolescents with exogenous obesity and 20 non-obese subjects in an age-and sex-matched control group were investigated. Fasting samples were collected for plasma tHcy, serum insulin, leptin, vitamin B12, folate, creatinine and lipid parameters. Anthropometric characteristics and body compositions were assessed in both groups. The obese patients had significantly higher tHcy levels than the non-obese controls (14.3+/-11.8 micromol/L vs 8.7+/-5.9 micromol/L; P=0.017). In both groups, plasma tHcy was positively related to serum leptin, but serum apolipoprotein B (apo B) levels were p...
Homocysteine: cardiovascular risk factor in children and adolescents?
Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 2013
The aim of this study was to identify publications in literature that investigated Homocysteine (He) as a risk factor for CVD among children and adolescents. An active search for information in LILACS, IBECS, Science Direct, Medline and Cochrane Library databases was conducted using the following combination of keywords "homocysteine", "cardiovascular diseases", "child" and "adolescent". Fifteen articles were analyzed showing direct relationship with increasing age (8 studies) and male gender (10 studies), and an inverse relationship with serum vitamins B6, B12 and folate levels. Thus, the results suggest that more research must be carried through in order to determine in a more coherent way the causes of the hiperhomocisteinemia in the pediatric population, guiding for an adequate diet, rich in nutrients necessary to favor the metabolism of the He.
The Journal of …, 2003
Although the elevation of circulating total serum homocysteine (tHcy) concentration in a fasting state is associated with an increased risk of occlusive vascular disease in adults, the implications of elevated levels in children are not known. The goals of this study were to describe the distribution of tHcy among a representative sample of children and adolescents in the United States, and to test for differences in tHcy among sex, age and race-ethnicity categories. Using surplus sera from Phase 2 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we measured tHcy for a nationally representative sample of 942 boys and 1085 girls aged 4-19 y. The age-adjusted geometric mean tHcy concentrations were 6.2 and 5.8 mol/L in non-Hispanic Caucasian boys and girls, 6.4 and 6.1 mol/L in non-Hispanic African-American boys and girls, and 6.4 and 5.5 mol/L in Mexican American boys and girls, respectively. A significant interaction between age and sex (P Ͻ 0.01) reflected the divergence of tHcy concentrations at about age 10 y, with higher concentrations in boys than in girls throughout adolescence. These first data on homocysteine concentrations in a nationally representative sample of American youth suggest that sexual dimorphism of tHcy concentrations occurs earlier, at ϳ10 y of age, than previously reported on the basis of smaller nonrepresentative samples. Improved understanding of the determinants of levels during growth and development may provide important clues to the etiology of adult disease.
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2006
An understanding of the relation in adolescents between serum homocysteine and foods rich in vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folate is important because high homocysteine concentrations in childhood and adolescence may be a risk factor for later cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the relation between food intake and homocysteine in adolescents. Five years after national folic acid fortification of enriched grain products, cross-sectional relations between food intake and serum homocysteine concentrations were examined in 2695 adolescents [x age: 18.3 (range: 15-20) y] enrolled in the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. A nonfasting blood specimen was analyzed for serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamins B-6 and B-12. Dietary intake was assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the relation of intakes of whole grains, refined grains, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, red and processed mea...
Cardiovascular Journal Of Africa, 2013
Aim: Hyperhomocysteinaemia and the metabolic syndrome are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated whether there is a link between the metabolic syndrome or its components and homocysteine levels in a population without cardiovascular disease. Methods: From the population sample of 382 participants (286 females and 96 males) we isolated those reflecting the metabolic syndrome and determined their homocysteine levels. We then evaluated the association of homocysteine with hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension and obesity, using a significance level of p = 0.05. Enzymatic methods were used for all biochemical parameters. Results: We found the statistical relationship between homocysteine and the metabolic syndrome as follows: hyperglycaemia (p = 0.175), hypertriglyceridaemia (p = 0.442), hypercholesterolaemia (p = 0.480), obesity (p = 0.080); and hypertension: systolic pressure (p = 0.002) and diastolic pressure (p = 0.033). Conclusion: We found no statistically significant association between baseline plasma homocysteine levels and the metabolic syndrome, except for hypertension.
Levels of Plasma Homocysteine in Obese Women Subjects Homocysteine and Obesity
Turkish Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2014
ObJecTIVe: An increased homocysteine level is an independent risk factor for vascular diseases. The present study was designed to evaluate plasma homocysteine levels in obese women compared with non-obese healthy women. mATeRIAl and meTHODs: We selected 55 obese women (mean age 47.2±9.2 years) having a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m² and 50 non-obese healthy women matched for age (mean age 46.3±9.5 years) who attended our outpatients clinic. We measured levels of homocysteine in obese and nonobese groups. ResUlTs: No significant difference was observed between obese and non-obese control groups regarding the homocysteine levels (10.3±3.5 µmol/l vs. 10.1±3.8 µmol/l , p>0.05). In this selected study population as a whole, the correlation between homocysteine levels and body mass index did not attain statistical significance (r=0.12, p>0.05). cOnclUsIOn: We found that homocysteine levels were comparable between middle-aged obese and non-obese women. Our data may suggest that increased cardiovascular risk in obese women is probably not related to the homocysteine level.