Calcinosis cutis: A rare feature of adult dermatomyositis (original) (raw)

Abstract

Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with characteristic cutaneous manifestations. We describe a case of a 55year-old woman with dermatomyositis who presented with dystrophic calcinosis resistant to medical treatment. Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with characteristic cutaneous manifestations, including heliotrope rash, Gottron papules, periungual telangiectasias, photodistributed erythema, poikiloderma, and alopecia. Although heliotrope rash and Gottron papules are specific cutaneous features, calcinosis of the skin or muscles is unusual in adults with dermatomyositis. However, it may occur in up to 40 percent of children or adolescents [1]. Calcinosis cutis is the deposition of insoluble calcium salts in the skin. Calcinosis cutis may be divided into four categories according to the pathogenesis as follows: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic, and iatrogenic. In connective tissue diseases, calcinosis is mostly of the dystrophic type and it seems to be a localized process rather than an imbalance of calcium homeostasis. Calcium deposits may be intracutaneous, subcutaneous, fascial, or intramuscular. Clinical synopsis A 55-year-old woman was referred for evaluation because of multiple, firm nodules of the lateral hips since 1994. At that time, dermatomyositis was diagnosed based on cutaneous, muscular and pulmonary involvement. The nodules, gradually enlarging since 1999, have begun to cause incapacitation pain and many exude a yellowish material suggestive of calcium. She denied an inciting traumatic event. Combinations of oral prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, or chloroquine, have been able to control the heliotrope rash, Gottron papules, and myositis, but have not prevented progression of nodule formation. Physical examination revealed multiple, firm, erythematous, whitish nodules, some of which exuded a chalky white material. They were located on the face, arms, and lateral hips; the largest were more than 6 cm in diameter (Fig. 1).

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