Liquid Smoke Treatment for Natural Fibers: The Effect on Tensile Properties, Surface Morphology, Crystalline Properties, and Functional Groups of Banana Stem Fibers (original) (raw)
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Technium, 2023
Research objectives to determine the effect of treating pineapple leaf fiber (PLF) with liquid smoke on the tensile toughness of composites and the impact strength of pineapple leaf fiber (PLF) reinforcement. The Method of immersing the fiber with liquid smoke was done in 1, 2, and 3 hours, then heating it in the oven at 40⁰c for 30 minutes. A tensile and impact test specimen following the ASTM D638-Type IV standard and ASTM D5942 standard. The tensile strength of the composite at 1 hour of treatment was 64.42 MPa; at 2 hours, it increased by 72.53 MPa, and at 3 hours, it increased again by 74.65 MPa. In the composite impact test with fiber reinforcement, the 1-hour treatment was 9.32 J/m², the 2-hour treatment increased by 13.44 J/m², and the 3-hour immersion decreased by 10.21 J/m². The effect of liquid smoke treatment processing on PLF on the tensile strength and impact toughness of the composites shows that the PLF reinforcing composite experienced the most significant change in tensile strength at 3 hours of treatment, and impact toughness occurred at 2 hours of treatment; this shows that liquid smoke can change the strength of PLF to be stronger and tougher.
The Effect of Treatment of Coconut Fiber with Liquid Smoke on Mechanical Properties of Composite
E3S Web of Conferences, 2021
This study aims to determine the effect of liquid smoke treatment on the tensile strength of the single fiber and Coconut fiber (CF) Reinforced Composite. The research method is Immersion the fiber with liquid smoke and heating. First treatment, CF was immersed in liquid smoke for 1, 2, and 3 hours, then dried for 1 hour at a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius. Next, the single fiber tensile test was carried out with the Universal Impact Test Machine and composite impact strength. The results showed that the tensile strength of single fiber TP, P1J, P2J, and P3J of 51.357 MPa, 79.655 MPa, 48.187 MPa, and 58.117 MPa. While the CF composite impact test TP, P1J, P2J, and P3J of 0.514 KJ/m2, 1.385 KJ/m2, 1,085 KJ/m2, and 2,128 KJ/m2. The liquid smoke immersion can increase the tensile strength of single fibers, where 1-hour immersion has the greatest value. In contrast, the impact strength of the CF composites increased at 3 hours, the largest immersion value. The results showed that the...
2017
Fibres have been extracted from fruit and bunch stems of banana plant by water retting and evaluated in terms of their performance characteristics. Banana bunch stem fibres have been found to be superior in terms of fineness, initial modulus and breaking strength, whereas elongation ratio shows an inverse trend. Thus, they have been further treated by bleaching and alkalization. Among the treated fibres, the bleached fibres show the highest initial modulus, breaking tenacity, and the lowest elongation. Alkalization results in increased breaking elongation and decreased initial modulus, whiteness and water absorption. The bunch stem fibres present higher water absorptive capacity and lower whiteness compared to that of fruit stem fibres. The characteristics of these unconventional fibres have been found to be comparable to natural fibres traditionally used in textiles. The ranges for properties of the studied banana fruit and bunch stem fibres in general can be given as: linear densi...
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018
Banana Pseudo-stem (BPS) is an annual renewable agricultural by-product with a potential for valorization in the production of paper, textile fibre or new bio-based materials. A gradual deconstruction process was implemented to determine BPS chemical composition and isolate sub-components that may be valorized in the formulation of bio-based polymer composites. At each step, the residues were analyzed by FTIR, X-ray diffraction and TGA-DTG. The chemical composition of the starting material (% of dry weight) was evaluated as: 13.4% total extractives, 6% pectins, 14.7% lignins, 28% hemicelluloses and 38% cellulose. The deconstruction process for BPS was efficient but led to mercerized cellulose (cellulose II) as a final residue, as assessed by the intense X-ray scattering peaks centered at 20.5°and 21.5°. Cellulose II formation was induced by the high concentration of the alkaline KOH solution used to dissolve hemicelluloses in holocellulose. The step-wise removal of non-cellulosic sub-components led to a more thermally stable residue. Long fibres were also obtained from BPS at a yield of 60%. These fibres display cellulose I structure and a thermal stability similar to the extracted cellulose. SEM analyses of long fibres showed transversal and lateral defects, the presence of surface hairiness and an almost cylindrical morphology. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out at room temperature on 150 specimens randomly chosen among the less hairy fibres, with diameters ranging from 40 to 140 μm. Mechanical investigations (Young modulus: 6.3-26 GPa; nominal stress at break: 140-768 MPa; nominal strain at break: ∼3%) reveal a significant disparity strongly influenced by fibre diameter, except for the nominal strain at break which remains fairly constant around 3%. These results are comparable to the upper range of the values reported for fibres extracted from BPS through alternative chemical routes or for fibres obtained from other annual plants such as jute and hemp.
Effect of liquid smoke on surface morphology and tensile strength of Sago Fiber
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 2019
This study aims to identify the effect of liquid smoke treatment on surface morphology and tensile strength of sago fiber (SF), including chemical reactions during the treatment. The proposed study is divided into two steps, fiber treatment and property tests. The first treatment, SF was immersion in the liquid smoke solution for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours, then dried for 1 hour which then characterized SEM, universal machine testing machine, X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The acetic acid in liquid smoke reacts with fiber to form fiber-liquid and H2O compounds. The heating process degrades H2O content in fibers and decomposes C and C elements to close together forming strong chemical bonds so that the fiber morphology become rough, porous, grooved and increasing the tensile strength of the fiber. But excessive heating treatment makes fibers more fragile because the H2O elements degrade too low. Dominant percentage of SF crystallization o...
ABSTRACT The current work investigates the effects of degumming conditions on the deformation behavior of banana (Musa accuminata) pseudo-stem fiber. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration was varied from 0.75M to 1.5M, treatment temperature from 80°C to 110°C and treatment time from 60 to 180 minutes. The fibers exhibited a continuous strain hardening on loading, the rate of which decreased with increasing NaOH concentration, treatment time and treatment temperature. An increase in NaOH concentration at constant treatment time and temperature had a degrading effect on the fiber’s breaking tenacity and breaking extension. Similarly, an increase in treatment time at a constant NaOH concentration and treatment temperature, reduced fiber’s breaking tenacity and breaking extension. Degumming of banana fibers at a NaOH concentration of 1M at 90°C for 90 minutes gave a good compromise between breaking tenacity and breaking extension. Keywords - Banana fiber, Delignification, Degumming, Mechanical properties, Hydrolysis
Studies on the Tensile Properties of Naturally-Occurring Banana Fibers
2013
This study deals with the tensile assessment of chemically retted banana fiber from banana trunk, twisted to form twill of 1, 6, and 10 strands. The trunk was allowed to ret in 0.1M NaOH for a period of 1008 hours, then washed thoroughly with distilled water and left to dry at room temperature. Universal tensile testing machine was used to assess the tensile property and from the result, it was observed that the number of twill has a direct impact on the maximum load and thus the stress the fiber can absorb before failure over a certain extension limit. The sample with 10 strands is observed to possess the highest load absorption of about 20N in comparison with the sample with 1 strand that has the least maximum load of 5N. This indicates that the number of strand has relevance in the assessment of tensile properties of naturally occurring banana fiber. (
Structure, morphology and thermal characteristics of banana nano fibers obtained by steam explosion
Bioresource Technology, 2011
In this work, cellulose nanofibers were extracted from banana fibers via a steam explosion technique. The chemical composition, morphology and thermal properties of the nanofibers were characterized to investigate their suitability for use in bio-based composite material applications. Chemical characterization of the banana fibers confirmed that the cellulose content was increased from 64% to 95% due to the application of alkali and acid treatments. Assessment of fiber chemical composition before and after chemical treatment showed evidence for the removal of non-cellulosic constituents such as hemicelluloses and lignin that occurred during steam explosion, bleaching and acid treatments. Surface morphological studies using SEM and AFM revealed that there was a reduction in fiber diameter during steam explosion followed by acid treatments. Percentage yield and aspect ratio of the nanofiber obtained by this technique is found to be very high in comparison with other conventional methods. TGA and DSC results showed that the developed nanofibers exhibit enhanced thermal properties over the untreated fibers.
A Comparative Study on the Tensile Strength of Single Natural Fibers
2024
In recent times, material scientists have been paying great attention to the replacement of synthetic materials with natural materials in the essence of minimizing global climate change and environmental pollution. This study intends to extract natural fibers such as sisal, false banana, and banana plant fibers and characterize their mechanical properties. Mechanical and chemical treatment was employed to obtain the optimum cross-sectional area (CSA) of the fibers. The quality of the fiber and the CSA of each fiber was examined using a Zeta 20 optical 3D microscope. The tensile strength of each type of single fiber was evaluated using A Textechno Statimat Me+ Tensile Testing Machine with the help of thick paper as a specimen holder. The values of the tensile strength of each type of fiber were compared to see their relative advantage. The result also revealed that chemical treatment increased the quality of the fiber and simplified the determination of the CSA of the fiber from its diameter. Furthermore, the false banana fiber demonstrates a higher tensile strength and tensile strain than those of sisal and banana fibers, but it has a lower modulus of elasticity. The linear density and tenacity of false banana were also lower than sisal fiber, but slightly higher than banana fiber.