Architectural Designs Attributed to Simon Pitz in the Collection of the Jesuit Archive in Glatz (original) (raw)
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Jesuits architecture in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1564-1772
2012
It hard to present a comprehensive, consistent body of research upon Jesuit architecture in Poland. Although art historians do have at disposal a fairly large number of publications upon single Jesuits' churches, an overall, all-encompassing perspective is lacking. We should mention an imposing elaboration on the Order's history, published in the beginning of the 20 th century: the work by Stanis ⁄ law Za / ⁄ leski, entitled «Jesuits in Poland». 1 The work is of great importance, as it employs archival materials, most of which were since lost and destroyed during the first and second World War. The research before World War II was only just started by another Jesuit, Stanis ⁄ law Bednarski, but his work was cut short by World War II. After 1945, due to the new geo-political situation, the research could only continue in a very limited scope. Scientists have to realize that about 70% of Polish artistic heritage, is located in the east, outside the present borders of Poland. These lands effectively became totally «off limits» to Polish researchers, closed off by the new border, which served as the inner «iron curtain» within the eastern bloc. Any research conducted by Soviet researchers did not tackle the «alien, western cultural heritage», and if they did, they were flawed by ideological and doctrinal correctness, while, at the same time, often methodologically naive. Meanwhile, planned extermination of historical and architectural monuments was in progress. I do not mean just the Stalinist period of 1930s, and the period directly after World War II. Ecclesiastical architecture (including Jesuit buildings) was being destroyed even in 1980s, as a part of a planned, active battle against the Church, during which all its visible signs were to be removed. Research upon Jesuit architecture focused mostly upon the monuments which remained within the present borders of Poland. 2 Much research was done notably upon the Jesuit church in Kraków, and the authorship of the building is still subject to a lively dispute between Adam Ma ⁄ lkiewicz and Mariusz Karpowicz. 3 Churches in Kalisz, and Święta Lipka have been analysed, and an in-depth study of the Sandomierz college was carried out. Father Jerzy Paszenda SJ, plays a special role in studying the heritage of the Jesuit order. He co-authored the dictionary of Jesuit artists, 4 and the monographs of the aforesaid churches. The researcher, who as his main resource has the archives of the Archivum Romanum Societatis Jesu (to be exact, their pre-World War II photocopies) diligently studies and reports the history of each work. The only criticism is that his diligent study of sources sometimes is not coupled with the analysis of artistic quality. Priest Paszenda's work has been collected in four volumes of a series titled «Jesuit buildings in Poland». 5 At the present, the author is working on the fifth volume. Paszenda was not the only person to study the subject. We should also note the monographs of Stanis ⁄ law Solski SJ 6 and Bart ⁄ lomiej Nataniel Wąsowski. 7 The situation of research upon Jesuit-related arts changed towards the end of 1980s. Access to the actual artworks and monuments opened up new possibilities-but it wasn't until 1990s that monument stocktaking and cataloguing activities were undertaken in the former eastern lands, and that was developed by Polish researchers. In that period, for example monographs of Ostróg (Ostroh), 8 Lwów (Lviv), 9 Wilno (Vilnius), 10 and Mińsk (Minsk) 11 were prepared, among ANDRZEJ BETLEJ [ 278 ] 2 In this paper I excluded the research related to buildings located within the region of Silesia, which has been joined to Poland after 1945. 3 MA⁄ LKIEWICZ, A., «Kośció ⁄ l ŚŚ. Piotra i Paw ⁄ la w Krakowie-dzieje budowy i problem autorstwa»,
The architectural research of the belfry of the church of St James the Apostle in Sandomierz
2018
Badania architektoniczne dzwonnicy kościoła pw. św. Jakuba Apostoła w Sandomierzu The architectural research of the belfry of the church of St James the Apostle in Sandomierz Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie wyników badań architektonicznych przeprowadzonych w 2017 r. w dzwonnicy kościoła pw. św. Jakuba Apostoła klasztoru dominikanów w Sandomierzu wraz z ukazaniem pierwotnej struktury obiektu na tle późniejszych prze obrażeń. Klasztor dominikanów na sandomierskim Wzgórzu Świętego Jakuba (il. 1) istnieje od średniowiecza. Jego dzwonnica to dwukondygnacyjna, prostopadłościenna bryła wzniesiona z cegły na kamiennej podbudowie, zamknięta dwustopniowym dachem namiotowym pokrytym blachą miedzianą (il. 2). Obecnie jest dostępna, nie pełni jednak pierwotnej funkcji, znajdujące się tu dzwony nie są powieszone, przez co nie funkcjonują zgodnie ze swoim przeznaczeniem. W czasie opracowywania mate riału badawczego korzystano z dokumentów archiwalnych rę ko piś mien nych i ikonograficznych, dotychczasowego sta nu badań oraz dostępnych dokumentacji inwentaryza cyj nych. Pracę badawczą oparto na zaktualizowanej inwentaryzacji architektonicznej autorstwa Małgorzaty Doroz-Turek 1 oraz inwentaryzacji wykonanej przez firmę INCEDO3D Andrzej Gołembnik (2017). Zakon Kaznodziejski (łac. Ordo Praedicatorum), inaczej dominikanie, powstał na początku XIII w. w południowo-zachodniej Francji, na obszarze, gdzie doszło do najostrzejszej konfrontacji i walki Kościoła katolickiego
Architecture of Jesuit colleges designed by Giacomo Briano in Polish Province
Challenges of Modern Technology, 2017
This article describes architectural project of Jesuit colleges by Giacomo Briano SI, a Jesuit architect from Modena, made for colleges in Polish Province of the Society of Jesus. Despite none of Braino’s projects was fully accomplished we can analyse his original urban and architectural solutions basing on many of his architectural drawings which are kept in the archives in Cracow, Vienna, Paris and Los Angeles.
Architectus, 2018
The article presents the history of the creation and transformation of the parish church in Szprotawa from 13th until the 20th century. The introduc- tion discusses the source references and the accesible literature – in a small extent discussing the evolution of the temple architecture. Based on architectural studies and details analyses, the most important phases of the church’s transformation have been identified. The origins of the building were erected in the 2nd half of the 13th century, when a temple composed of a rectangular choir and a threespan nave was erected. Probably in the 1st half of the 14th century, a tower with a chapel on the ground floor was built by the northern wall and in the middle of the century, the body was extended from the south by three chapels and a porch in front of the northern entrance. The 2nd half of the 14th century brought the creation of a porch connecting the church with the Madeleine convent. The highest storey of the tower with blanking was built in the middle of the 15th century. The construction of the present threenave sevenbay hall structure without a separate choir with a polygonal bypass and vaults and a twotiered sacristy was probably carried out in the years 1474–1488. After this year, two chapels: of Our Lady of Sorrows and the Passion of the Lord were built by the south elevation, and at the northern one – the Holy Cross chapel. And in 1516 the following were built: Gethsemane, Dungeon and Detenc- tion, and a lodge for the Madeleine sisters. The Renaissance transformations included narrowing of the entrance to the chapel on the ground floor of the tower, and the Baroque changes – a new interior decoration of the Holy Cross chapel, breaking through for the present entrance on the axis of the main nave, building the organ’s choir and the new tower’s helmet. In the middle of the 19th century, the decoration of the gable was changed and the western porch was introduced.
The Journal of Architecture, 2023
In 1957, the Catholic Church in Poland was faced with the opportunity to build new churches for the first time since the end of the Second World War. One of the proposals was put forward by Le Corbusier’s pupil Jerzy Sołtan. His design for a church in Sochaczew, far from the austere and economical modernism promoted in Poland at the time, was favourably received by the architectural community. However, it was criticised and misunderstood by representatives of the Church. At the turn of 1957 and 1958, debates about contemporary churches in Poland emerged, a modest reflection of the debates in Western Europe in the years before and after the Second Vatican Council. The processes shaping sacred architecture in communist Poland until the end of its existence in 1989 were then revealed. The state authorities were hostile to the Catholic Church and actively fought against its building initiatives in the first decades after the introduction of communism in Poland in 1945. However, this case study of the design of the church in Sochaczew reveals that the state authorities did not openly interfere in the shaping of forms of sacred architecture. The Church, who was responsible for choosing the design, was not interested in employing avant-garde architectural language to distinguish itself from constructions promoted by the state.
Archaeologia Historica Polona, 2020
Sacred wooden architecture in Poland is a huge and still unrecognised research problem. It covers a number of issues of interdisciplinary character: from the properties of building materials and carpentry techniques, through construction and architectural-spatial solutions, to cultural and natural conditions. Hence, the best way to study this problem is interdisciplinary research. The necessity of cooperation of representatives of various scientific disciplines became the basis for creating a team to study the wooden church of St Michael the Archangel in Domachowo, so far dated to 1568. As researchers representing various disciplines (including archaeology, history, art history, history of architecture, architecture, architectural conservation), we cite sources and research that allow us to formulate a thesis that the past of the Domachowo church dates back to the 14 th century. Moreover, we present the research and methodological problems inscribed in the aforementioned church building, understood as a whole. Such a multifaceted approach allows us to redefine the current knowledge about the church in Domachowo.
Research on the architecture of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Parish Church in Szprotawa
2018
Badania architektury kościoła parafialnego pw. Wniebowzięcia NMP w Szprotawie Research on the architecture of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Parish Church in Szprotawa Kościół parafialny pw. Wniebowzięcia NMP w Szprotawie 1 znajduje się w południowej części miasta lokacyjnego. Wzniesiono go na położonym na południe od Ryn ku i ratusza placu Kościelnym-będącym pozostałością dawnego cmentarza otaczającego świątynię 2 .
Saint Nicolas’ Church on the Czwartek Hill in view of current research
Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych
The paper describes known and unknown research works, which took place in the building of Saint Nicolas’ Church on the Czwartek Hill at the M. Słowikowskiego 1 street in Lublin, starting from the 1960s up to the present day. The paper introduce an interdisciplinary way description and presentation of the changes in the structure of the church, phases of transformations and shows the places where older objects could exist before church in current shape.