Repurposed Drugs and Covid-19 Pandemic-What and Why? (original) (raw)
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ROLE OF DRUG REPURPOSING IN CURRENT TREATMENT STRATEGIES AGAINST COVID-19; SYSTEMIC REVIEW
07/2020, 2020
COVID-19 has now been affirmedpandemic and novel therapies are immediatelydesirable as we arrive astageoutside containment. Because COVID-19 is now becoming pandemic and in the nonappearance of known authenticated efficient therapy, efforts of laboratories and medical teams have focused on repurposing FDA sanctioned drugs to treat the most severe cases of infection. Developing novel drugs from is a long-lasting process, consequentlyunfeasible to face the instantaneousworldwide challenge.Drug repurposing (also termed drug profiling re-tasking) is an approach for recognizing new usages for official or new drugs that are separate the opportunity of the unique medical indication. Drug repurposing is a developing approach where prevailing medicines, having previously been tested safe in humans, are reorganized to combat difficult-to-treat diseases. Although using like repurposed drugs separately may eventually not yield an important clinical benefit, carefully combined combinations could be very operative, the current question now being which combination. In this present review we are trying to shedding light on the numerous previously well reported and recognized drug which can be mostly used as repurposed medicament in the management of COVID-19 pandemic.
Repurposed drugs and their progression against COVID-19
The Pharma Innovation, 2021
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease), which was initially noticed in the seafood market at Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Since then this deadly virus has outspread like wildfire across the globe and has put all the healthcare services at red alert. The outburst of COVID-19 has already taken the shape of the pandemic, affecting more than 200 countries in just a few months. A global response to prepare our health systems is very much imperative and the whole world is desperate to find ways to tackle this pandemic by developing effective treatments. Unfortunately, no reliable therapeutic interventions are available currently for critically affected ill COVID-19 patients. Treatment of COVID-19 patients is mainly based on symptomatic management. Emerging clinical trials and research data representing the structural and functional aspects of SARS-CoV-2 suggests testing of the repurposed drugs ranging from flu treatments to failed ebola drugs, to anti-malarial drugs that were first developed decades ago. The review focuses on the various already adopted and ongoing trials to date for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat this viral outbreak. We hope that the accumulated information about various repositioning trials will help the international research community to lead potential clinical practices and to find solutions for COVID-19 treatment in this need of the hour.
Repurposing of Drugs for COVID-19: THE WAY FORWARD
Drug repurposing/ repositioning is an unconventional drug discovery approach to explore new therapeutic benefits of existing drugs and many abandoned compounds. It helps to accelerate the drug discovery process through the identification of a novel clinical use for an existing drug. The repositioning or "repurposing" of existing therapies for alternative disease indications is an attractive approach that can save significant investments of time and money during drug development. With the rise in COVID-19 cases globally, the scientific community made enormous efforts in order to rapidly develop vaccines that prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection. Due to the urgent need for development of drugs, repurposing of drugs was one of the most important strategies for COVID-19.
A Review on Repurposing Drugs for Treatment of Covid-19
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production, 2020
The newly emerged 2019 novel coronavirus is named as severe acute respiratory syndrome 2(SARS CoV-2). Till date, 1,757,393 cases have been observed in India and 37,452 deaths. COVID-19 has been now declared as pandemic and new treatments are urgently needed as we enter a phase beyond containment. In the absence of approved marketed drugs against coronavirus, the treatment and management of novel COVID-19 disease worldwide is a challenge. Developing new drugs from scratch is a lengthy process, and is thus impractical to face the immediate global challenge. Drugs repurposing is an emerging strategy where existing medicines having already been tested safe in humans, are redeployed to combat difficult to treat diseases. The direct virus targeted on antiviral agent target-specific nucleic acid or proteins of the virus or host based antiviral target either the host innate immune response or the cellular machineries that are crucial for viral infections. Both the approaches necessary interfere with the viral pathogenesis. Here, we will summarize the present status of antiviral, antibiotic drugs repurposing perspective for coronavirus in general and the SARS CoV-2 in particular. Some drugs such as ABT 450 which is active agent against hepatitis C, Acyclovir which is active against cytomegalovirus infection and more others such as Amprenavir for HIV, Arbidol for influenza, Brivudin for Herpes Zoster, etc.
Repurposing Existing Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19
Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2020
The rapid global spread and significant mortality associated with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection has spurred an urgent race to find effective treatments. Repurposing existing drugs is a particularly attractive approach as pharmacokinetic and safety data already exist; thus, development can leapfrog straight to clinical trials of efficacy, generating results far more quickly than de novo drug development. This review summarizes the state of play for the principle drugs identified as candidates to be repurposed for treating COVID-19 grouped by broad mechanism of action: antiviral, immune enhancing, and antiinflammatory or immunomodulatory. Patient selection, particularly with regard to disease stage, is likely to be key. To date, only dexamethasone and remdesivir have been shown to be effective, but several other promising candidates are in trials.
Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
Despite high morbidity and mortality of ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, no specific therapy has been established till date. Though in vitro studies identified various molecules as possible therapies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), these findings call for substantiation by human studies. We conducted this review aiming at reporting evidences on therapies used so far globally for management of COVID-19 in clinical settings. We searched electronic databases as PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and extracted 612 possible studies as on May 31, 2020. We included original studies of any epidemiological design done on human COVID-19 patients and measured clinical outcomes. Finally, following removal of duplicates and studies meeting exclusion criteria, we derived 22 studies, of which eight were clinical trials, seven were case reports and case series, and seven were observational studies. The most reported therapies were hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (eight studies) and lopinavir/ritonavir (four studies). We conclude from the evidence generated so far that interferon combined with antivirals, remdesivir, umifenovir and favipiravir were mostly associated with better clinical outcomes. The therapeutic effect of HCQ was established initially by two clinical trials; one of them showing a reinforcing effect by azithromycin but subsequent studies did not elicit any effectiveness rather increased rate of adverse events was reported. Lopinavir/ritonavir was found beneficial when administered with interferon and ribavirin, but one clinical trial on its sole use proved contrary. As many clinical trials are in process, we expect to get concrete evidences on repurposing of existing drugs based on less biased, high powered studies.
Progress, pitfalls, and path forward of drug repurposing for COVID-19 treatment
Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, 2022
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic a public health emergency of international concern. The viral outbreak led in turn to an exponential growth of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, that is, a multiorgan disease that has led to more than 6.3 million deaths worldwide, as of June 2022. There are currently few effective drugs approved for treatment of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 patients. Many of the compounds tested so far have been selected through a drug repurposing approach, that is, by identifying novel indications for drugs already approved for other conditions. We here present an up-to-date review of the main Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drugs repurposed against SARS-CoV-2 infection, discussing their mechanism of action and their most important preclinical and clinical results. Reviewed compounds were chosen to privilege those that have been approved for us...
Repurposed Drugs and Alternate Therapeutic Possibilities for Challenges Posed By Covid-19
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 2021
Pandemics like SARS-CoV-2 and its associated illness named COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) have become a regular occurrence in the past recent decades. Though, novel Coronavirus devastated human lives, its earlier cousins SARS-CoV1, MERS and lesser known infections like 229E, NL63, OC43, HK01 were less threatening. Humankind should brace up towards identifying, managing and finding a suitable cure to prevent incidence of such deadly diseases.it is a well-known fact that viral diseases can be curbed only with vaccines. In this respect, the world has witnessed both the design and delivery of vaccines against SARS-CoV2 in a record time. Candidates for Vaccines designed vary from targeting proteins or nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) of the virus, with or without adjuvants with a potency to generate memory. Though, this has been lauded by the entire humankind, there is still the need for other therapeutics to control and treat COVID-19. Therapeutic Drugs are inexhaustible group of molec...
Drug repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19: Pharmacological aspects and synthetic approaches
Bioorganic Chemistry, 2021
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