1H-NMR Monitoring of the transesterification process of Jatropha oil (original) (raw)
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A process for the production of the methyl ester from Jatropha curcas L. oil for use as biodiesel has been examined to yield the methyl ester as the main product and glycerine as a byproduct. A series of experiments were performed in the laboratory to determine the optimum conditions for the preparation of the biodiesel. The optimum conditions included use of a catalyst dissolved in methanol i.e 1.25% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), based on volume of Jatropha oil used, 25% methanol based on volume of Jatropha oil used, continuous agitation with little splashing until the reaction mixture (oil and methanol) becomes thoroughly mixed and the most sensitive reaction temperature for transesterification at 52.5 0 C. Under the above conditions the biodiesel recovery was 84.4% of fresh Jatropha oil and the reaction time was measured to be 4-5 minutes.
Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2015
The non-edible oils are believed to be one of the major feedstock for the production of biodiesel in future. In the present study, we investigated the production of Jatropha oil methyl esters (JOMEs) via alkali-catalyzed transesterification route. The biophysical characteristics of Jatropha oil were found within the optimal range in accordance with ASTM standards as a substitute diesel fuel. The chemical composition and production yield of as-synthesized biodiesel were confirmed by various analytical techniques such as FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A high percentage conversion, ∼96.09%, of fatty acids into esters was achieved under optimized transesterification conditions with 6 : 1 oil to methanol ratio and 0.9 wt% NaOH for 50 min at ∼60 • C. Moreover, twelve fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) were quantified in the GC/MS analysis and it was interesting to note that the mass fragmentation pattern of saturated, monounsaturated and diunsaturated FAME was comparable with the literature reported values.
Solvent extraction using hexane of oil from Jatropha curcas nuts yielded 32.17% crude oil. The acid value of 107mgKOH/g sample indicates a high free fatty acid content which explains high yield of saponification products via the homogeneous base-catalyzed transesterification. Heterogeneous hybrid inorganic-organic base catalysts for transesterification were then designed and developed to facilitate a more efficient conversion of Jatropha curcas oils to bio-based fuels. Three types of solid catalysts were developed; amino-functionalized Zeolite Y, amino-functionalized MCM-41 and TBD-functionalized MCM-41. Transesterification using 10% by weight of the developed catalysts and a methanol-oil molar ratio of 15:1 at 80ºC for two hours resulted in a biodiesel yield of 86.60%, 74.94%, and 81.86%, respectively. Gas chromatogram showed the transesterified triglyceride components of Jatropha oil consisting of 14.35% methyl palmitate, 1.14% methyl palmitoleate, 6.89% methyl stearate, 43.67% ci...
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1970
Studies were carried out to produce potential biodiesel from non-edible oil of Jatropha curcus. Due to its high free fatty acid (12% FFA), the crude Jatropha oil was processed in two steps: the acid-catalyzed esterification and followed by the base-catalyzed transesterification. The first step reduced the FFA level to less than 1% in 1h at 50°C for the 0.40 w/w methanol-to-oil ratio with 1% w/w of H2SO4. After the reaction, the mixture was stagnated for an hour and the methanol-water upper layer was discarded. The second step converted the product of the first step into biodiesel and glycerol through transesterification using 0.20 w/w methanol-to-oil and 0.5% w/w NaOH to oil as alkaline catalyst at 65°C. The maximum yield of biodiesel (organic phase of upper layer) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield were achieved at about 95% and 84% within 1 hour respectively. The glycerol concentration in the byproduct (glycerol layer) obtained after dual step transesterification was found ...
Production of Biodiesel through Catalytic Transesterification of Jatropha Oil
2016
Depletion of fossil fuel and their effect on environment give the importance of alternative fuel or renewable fuels. It is renewable, nontoxic and sustainable energy resource. Jatropha oil is non-edible vegetable oilwhich is obtained from jatropha curcas plant. It is used for the production of biodiesel. Biodiesel was produced through transesterification process. In this process 4:1 methyl alcohol to jatropha oil molar ratio was used. Mg/Al hydrotalcite was used for the production of biodiesel in reactor under different conditions. Optimum yield 87.92% of biodiesel was obtained at reaction temperature 450C at 500 rpm for 1.5 hr and catalyst wt% was 1.3%. Flash point, density, viscosity and calorific values of produced biodiesel were determined. Jatropha oil can replace the edible oil for the production of biodiesel and it can fulfill the requirement of energy in Pakistan.
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1970
The purposes of the work to study the fatty acid methyl ester production by transesterification of Jatropha curcus oil with different catalysts where methanol was used as solvent. Jatropha oil having high free fatty acids FFA (14.02%) was processed in two steps. First step is acidcatalyzed esterification by using 1% H 2 SO 4 , 40% methanol-to-oil to produce methyl esters by lowering the acid value, and next step is different base-catalyzed transesterification. As part of ongoing efforts to investigate different homogeneous, heterogeneous and solid acid catalysts for biodiesel synthesis, the catalytic activity of KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH) 2 , activated Ca(OH) 2 , Hß zeolite and montmorillonite were studied for the transesterification of Jatropha oil. Among these catalysts, performance of catalysts order are KOH > NaOH > activated Ca(OH) 2 >Ca(OH) 2 > montmorillonite> Hß zeolite.
Transformation of Jatropha Seed to Biodiesel by In Situ Transesterification
2011
The objective of this study was to investigate the in situ transesterification allowing to produce directly biodiesel from jatropha seed. Experiments were conducted using milled jatropha seed with moisture content of 210 mg of KOH/g. In addition, the amount of n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio affected biodiesel production yield. An increase of biodiesel yield was observed as amount of n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio was increased. The stirring speed, temperature and reaction time did not affected biodiesel yield. Highest biodiesel yield (89%) was obtained under amount of n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio of 3:3:1, stirring speed of 600 rpm, temperature of 40°C, and reaction time of 6 h. The effects of amount of n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio, stirring speed, temperature and reaction time on biodiesel quality were less important. In all experiments tested, the biodiesel quality was very good. The acid value was 183 mg of KOH/g. The quality of biodiesel produced under op...
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2010
The purposes of the work to study the fatty acid methyl ester production by transesterification of Jatropha curcus oil with different catalysts where methanol was used as solvent. Jatropha oil having high free fatty acids FFA (14.02%) was processed in two steps. First step is acidcatalyzed esterification by using 1% H2SO4, 40% methanol-to-oil to produce methyl esters by lowering the acid value, and next step is different base-catalyzed transesterification. As part of ongoing efforts to investigate different homogeneous, heterogeneous and solid acid catalysts for biodiesel synthesis, the catalytic activity of KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, activated Ca(OH)2, Hß zeolite and montmorillonite were studied for the transesterification of Jatropha oil. Among these catalysts, performance of catalysts order are KOH > NaOH > activated Ca(OH)2 >Ca(OH)2> montmorillonite> Hß zeolite.Key words: Jatropha oil; Transesterification; Biodiesel; FFA; CatalystsDOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5702Bangladesh ...
Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Biodiesel was produced from seed oil of Jatropha curcas by in situ acid-catalyzed transesterification with methanol. Optimization of the reaction parameters was carried out using response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design. All the four variables investigated were found to be significant. The empirical model obtained adequately expresses the relationship between the biodiesel yield and the statistically significant reaction variables (R 2 = 96.97%). The optimization result predicted an optimal biodiesel yield of 84.07% at a reaction temperature of 48°C; a reaction time of 240 min; with 5 cm 3 methanol/g of the seed and catalyst concentration of 0.88M. The validation result was in agreement with the predicted biodiesel yield. The fatty acid methyl profile of the biodiesel shows that it predominantly contains methyl esters of octadecenoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and hexadecanoic acid which make up about 87% the biodiesel. The fuel properties of the biodiesel were in agreement with the requirements of Worldwide Fuel Charter Committee Biodiesel Guidelines.