Brazilian scientific output on autism spectrum disorders (original) (raw)
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Frontiers in Neurology, 2022
Being a continental country, with over 210 million citizens, Brazil is similar to all of those who are part of the LAMIC (Low and middle income countries). It shows a big concentration of wealth, mainly in its south and southeast regions, as well as areas with immense poverty. In that sense, the health system also faces a huge amount of contrast. Inside University hospitals and facilities there are sophisticated tools and trained doctors prepared to assist in any kind of medical subject, including autism. But, unfortunately, at other times, the access to a good health system is made much harder. This results in many issues in the medical community, e.g., looking at the data regarding autism, there is a high average of the age of diagnosis. Another issue is the low number of professionals trained in ASD diagnosis and the few tools translated to Portuguese.
Literatura científica brasileira sobre transtornos do espectro autista
Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 2010
In 2007, the Brazilian Ministry of Health established a working group for autism care within the framework of the Brazilian Unified Health System, highlighting the importance of this issue. One of the points discussed by the working group was the need for producing evidence-based knowledge to serve as a basis for the development of proposals for care of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 1 , the range of manifestations of which autism is a form. ODiagnostic criteria for ASD have changed over the various editions of mental disorder classification manuals; both the World Health Organization's International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD, currently in its tenth revision) 2 , and the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM, currently in its fourth text revision) 3 , no longer classify it as a psychosis, but rather as part of the concept of pervasive developmental disorder. This conceptual shift has contributed to the variability of results reported by published studies-such as in prevalence rates reported by various international epidemiological studies 4-7. Reported increases in the frequency of ASD may also be largely due
2020
2 Shakil A hmad, A s s is tant P rofes s or, D eans hip of L ibrary A ffairs , I mam A bdulrahman Bin Fais al U nivers ity, 3 4 2 1 2 , D ammam, Saudi A rabia. 3 A mrita Sahay, A s s is tant P rofes s or, D epartment of E mpowerment of P ers ons with D is abilities , 3 N ational I ns titute for the E mpowerment of P ers ons with I ntellec tual D is abilities , N oida, U ttar P rades h, I ndia. 4* Ziaul H as s an Bakhs hi, A s s oc iate P rofes s or, Sc hool of Bas ic Sc ienc e & Tec hnology, I nternational I ns titute of M anagement and Tec hnic al U nivers ity , M eerut, U ttar P rades h, I ndia. 5 N is hat Fatima, A s s is tant P rofes s or, 5 D epartment of L ibrary and I nformation Sc ienc e, A ligarh M us lim U nivers ity, A ligarh, U ttar P rades h, I ndia. The main purpose of the study was to the mapping of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) research a bibliometric analysis of highly cited research output from 2009-2019. ASDs are common lifelong neurodevelopment conditions characterized by qualitative impairments in social communication and interaction, involvement in rituals and routines, and hypo-sensory or hyper-sensory sensitivities. In the present study, we attempt to analyze 707 articles on ASD, indexed in the Web of Science database during 2009-2019. The study finds out that while the USA takes top position with its contribution to ASD. The King's College London, the publication number of which is 62, ranked first. Geschwind DH was the most productive author, with h_index 27, g_index 30, m-index 2.25 of total publications published in 2009. The highest impact factor journal was Nature, that is, IF43.070. The most popular (since 2013) paper was published by Hsiao EY in the field of microbiota regulation of behaviour and physiological disturbances linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. The analysis was carried out a total of 707 articles related to ASDs were written by 8864 authors. Article (441) was the most frequent form of publication. The most frequent documents, such as Article, the web of Science Core Collection of the total citation were 108541. The study found that while the United States took the top position with its contribution.
The diffusion of scientific knowledge about autism can be explained trough the increasing number of researches on this disorder in the last decades, implying in recent updates in its classification, understanding and intervention. The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review on autism highlighting how the recent investigative advances that have shed light on the understanding of the disorder. It reports historically how the first diagnostic criteria were being improved, supplemented and supplanted in the medical classification manuals, based on research until DSM-5. A review of empirical researches that drove these changes is performed to synthesize what has been considered as core aspects of this disorder as a dimensional spectrum. Discusses the increasing number of dia gnoses, emphasizing the points that the multidisciplinary research has identified as possible causes, and the knowledge about the development expectations for adulthood. Finally, it reviews the landscape of the main programs and intervention models for people with autism in health and education fields, to point out to the current challenges and those to be addressed in the future. RESUMO. A ampliação do conhecimento científico sobre o autismo pode ser identificado pelo aumento na produção de pesquisas sobre este transtorno nas últimas décadas, implicando atualizações recentes em sua classificação, compreensão e intervenção. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre o autismo, apontando como os avanços investigativos recentes têm lançado luz sobre a compreensão do transtorno. Relata historicamente como os critérios para o diagnóstico nos manuais médicos de classificação foram aprimorados, complementados e suplantados com base em evidências até o atual DSM-5. É realizada uma revisão das contribuições teóricas e empíricas que impulsionaram essas mudanças para sintetizar o que tem sido considerado como aspectos centrais desse transtorno como espectro dimensional. Problematiza o aumento do número de diagnósticos a partir dos dados epidemiológicos atuais, destacando o que as pesquisas multidisciplinares têm identificado como fatores etiológicos e prognósticos para a vida adulta. Por fim, revisa brevemente o panorama dos principais programas e modelos de intervenção baseados em evidências para pessoas com autismo nas áreas da saúde e educação, para então apontar os atuais desafios neste contexto. Palavras-chave: Autismo; revisão de literatura; diagnóstico. TRASTORNO DE ESPECTRO AUTISTA: DÓNDE ESTAMOS Y HACIA DÓNDE VAMOS RESUMEN. El propósito de este artículo es presentar una revisión de la literatura sobre el autismo señalando los avances recientes de investigación resultantes que han arrojado luz sobre la comprensión del trastorno. Informa históricamente como los criterios para este diagnóstico en la clasificación de los manuales de medicina se están siendo avanzados, complementados y suplantados con base en la investigación por la corriente del DSM-5. Se realiza una revisión de las investigaciones empíricas que impulsó a estos cambios para sintetizar lo que se ha considerado como aspectos centrales de este trastorno como un espectro dimensional. Se analiza el creciente número de diagnósticos,
Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 2014
Objective: To systematically review the scientific literature on the psychometric properties of international instruments for the assessment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Brazilian population. Methods: A search of bibliographic references was conducted in six electronic databases: PsycINFO, PubMed, IndexPsi, Lilacs, Capes (theses and dissertations) and SciELO. The studies were selected by two independent researchers. results: The procedure identified 11 studies of the Brazilian population that encompassed six ASD assessment tools. Given the information provided, the adaptation of the M-CHAT, a screening instrument, was the best conducted. All steps of the adaptation process were described and the changes made to the final version of the instrument were presented, which was not addressed in other studies. In terms of reliability, all of the instruments that assessed internal consistency showed adequate values. In addition, the ADI-R and the CARS adaptations also satisfactorily contemplated inter-rater reliability and test-retest indices, respectively. Finally, all studies aiming to validate instruments showed evidence of validity and sensitivity, and specificity values above 0.90 were observed in the ASQ, ADI-R and ABC. Conclusion: Considering both the psychometric aspects and the copyright information, the screening instrument that currently appears to be best indicated for clinical and research use is the M-CHAT. It was also noticed that there are still no specific ASD diagnostic tools available for use in Brazil. This lack of diagnostic instruments consists in a critical situation for the improvement of clinical practice and the development of research in this area. reSuMO Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a literatura científica acerca das propriedades psicométricas de instrumentos internacionais para a avaliação do transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) na população brasileira. Métodos: Realizou-se uma busca de referências bibliográficas em seis bases de dados: PsycINFO, PubMed, IndexPsi, Lilacs, Capes (teses e dissertações) e SciELO, sendo a seleção dos estudos realizada por dois pesquisadores independentes. resultados: O procedimento resultou em 11 estudos que abarcaram seis instrumentos de ava-ASD assessment instruments in Brazil J Bras Psiquiatr. 2014;63(2):154-64.
O ambiente familiar e o desenvolvimento da criança com autismo
Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line, 2019
ABSTRACTObjective: to identify evidence available in the literature about how the family environment is able to influence the development of a child with autism spectrum disorder. Method: this is a bibliographic, descriptive study, characterized as an integrative literature review of studies published in the period from January 2007 through December 2017, in the databases Medline and WebOfScience. Data collection occurred between March and May 2018 with controlled descriptors included in DeCS, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The studies were analyzed considering author, objectives, methodology and year of publication, presenting the results in the form of a figure. Results: situations such as parenting styles, the participation of family members in the daily life of the child, socioeconomic situations and the individual culture have great influence on the development of the child with ASD. Conclusion: new studies related to the theme should be developed aiming to improve the qua...
Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update
Autism Research, 2022
Prevalence estimates of autism are essential for informing public policy, raising awareness, and developing research priorities. Using a systematic review, we synthesized estimates of the prevalence of autism worldwide. We examined factors accounting for variability in estimates and critically reviewed evidence relevant for hypotheses about biological or social determinants (viz., biological sex, sociodemographic status, ethnicity/race, and nativity) potentially modifying prevalence estimates of autism. We performed the search in November 2021 within Medline for studies estimating autism prevalence, published since our last systematic review in 2012. Data were extracted by two independent researchers. Since 2012, 99 estimates from 71 studies were published indicating a global autism prevalence that ranges within and across regions, with a median prevalence of 100/10,000 (range: 1.09/10,000 to 436.0/10,000). The median male-to-female ratio was 4.2. The median percentage of autism cases with co-occurring intellectual disability was 33.0%. Estimates varied, likely reflecting complex and dynamic interactions between patterns of community awareness, service capacity, help seeking, and sociodemographic factors. A limitation of this review is that synthesizing methodological features precludes a quality appraisal of studies. Our findings reveal an increase in measured autism prevalence globally, reflecting the combined effects of multiple factors including the increase in community awareness and public health response globally, progress in case identification and definition, and an increase in community capacity. Hypotheses linking factors that increase the likelihood of developing autism with variations in prevalence will require research with large, representative samples and comparable autism diagnostic criteria and case-finding methods in diverse world regions over time. Lay Summary We reviewed studies of the prevalence of autism worldwide, considering the impact of geographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors on prevalence estimates. Approximately 1/100 children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder around the world. Prevalence estimates increased over time and varied greatly within and across sociodemographic groups. These findings reflect changes in the definition of autism and differences in the methodology and contexts of prevalence studies.
The Lancet Psychiatry, 2024
Summary Background High-quality estimates of the epidemiology of the autism spectrum and the health needs of autistic people are necessary for service planners and resource allocators. Here we present the global prevalence and health burden of autism spectrum disorder from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 following improvements to the epidemiological data and burden estimation methods. Methods For GBD 2021, a systematic literature review involving searches in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, the Global Health Data Exchange, and consultation with experts identified data on the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorder. Eligible data were used to estimate prevalence via a Bayesian meta-regression tool (DisMod-MR 2.1). Modelled prevalence and disability weights were used to estimate health burden in years lived with disability (YLDs) as the measure of non-fatal health burden and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as the measure of overall health burden. Data by ethnicity were not available. People with lived experience of autism were involved in the design, preparation, interpretation, and writing of this Article. Findings An estimated 61·8 million (95% uncertainty interval 52·1–72·7) individuals (one in every 127 people) were on the autism spectrum globally in 2021. The global age-standardised prevalence was 788·3 (663·8–927·2) per 100 000 people, equivalent to 1064·7 (898·5–1245·7) autistic males per 100 000 males and 508·1 (424·6–604·3) autistic females per 100 000 females. Autism spectrum disorder accounted for 11·5 million (7·8–16·3) DALYs, equivalent to 147·6 (100·2–208·2) DALYs per 100 000 people (age-standardised) globally. At the super-region level, age-standardised DALY rates ranged from 126·5 (86·0–178·0) per 100 000 people in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania to 204·1 (140·7–284·7) per 100 000 people in the high-income super-region. DALYs were evident across the lifespan, emerging for children younger than age 5 years (169·2 [115·0–237·4] DALYs per 100 000 people) and decreasing with age (163·4 [110·6–229·8] DALYs per 100 000 people younger than 20 years and 137·7 [93·9–194·5] DALYs per 100 000 people aged 20 years and older). Autism spectrum disorder was ranked within the top-ten causes of non-fatal health burden for people younger than 20 years. Interpretation The high prevalence and high rank for non-fatal health burden of autism spectrum disorder in people younger than 20 years underscore the importance of early detection and support to autistic young people and their caregivers globally. Work to improve the precision and global representation of our findings is required, starting with better global coverage of epidemiological data so that geographical variations can be better ascertained. The work presented here can guide future research efforts, and importantly, decisions concerning allocation of health services that better address the needs of all autistic individuals.
Autism spectrum disorder: advances in evidence-based practice
Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2014
utism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses wide variation in symptom severity and functional impact. The core features of ASD include impairments in social communication, repetitive behaviours and restricted interests. Not all people with ASD identify their challenges as a disorder. Autism spectrum disorder affects more than 1% of the population, 1 and a dramatic increase in its recognition is creating huge demands on health care systems for timely and accurate diagnosis. Health care professionals in many capacities encounter people and their families coping with ASD, and optimal care depends on a large network of providers, given the breadth of the associated medical issues. In this review, we outline the current understanding of ASD and suggest best practices for primary care and specialized clinics based on evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or systematic reviews, if available (Box 1). Although collaboration with educational and social services is necessary, the focus of our review is on medical concerns. We use a fictional case to illustrate how the process may be applied (Box 2). Additional resources for physicians are presented in Box 3. How common is autism? The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network of the US Centers for Disease Control has surveyed ASD among eightyear-olds from up to 14 US centres every two years since 2000. The most recent analysis, which pertains to the 2008 surveillance year, 1 estimates the overall prevalence to be 1 in 88 children-almost double the prevalence reported in the original cohort. These data cannot distinguish between an increase caused by changes in ascertainment and a true increase in prevalence. Global prevalence, as reported in a comprehensive survey of epidemiological reports from 1966 to 2011, 2 suggests that autism is still under-recognized, particularly in developing countries. In Canada, a population prevalence of 1% implies that about 67 000 children, aged 3-20 years have ASD. Boys with ASD outnumber girls by as much as 4:1, but the underlying reasons for this difference remain elusive. 3