Comparative study of continuous and intermittent ultrasonic ultrafiltration membrane for treatment of synthetic produced water containing emulsion (original) (raw)
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Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2005
Hydrophilic ultrafiltration membranes made of polyamide with molecular weight cutoff 10 and 50 kDa have been studied for the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions by a cross-flow membrane emulsification technique. Isooctane and phosphate buffer were used as disperse and continuous phase, respectively. The permeation of apolar isooctane through the polar hydrophilic membrane was achieved by pretreatment of membranes with a gradient of miscible solvents of decreasing polarity to remove water from the pores and replace it with isooctane. Four different procedures were investigated, based on the solvent mixture percentage and contact time with membranes. After pretreatment, the performance of the membranes in terms of pure isooctane permeate flux and emulsion preparation was evaluated. The influence of organic solvents on polyamide (PA) membranes has been studied by SEM analysis, which showed a clear change in the structure and morphology of the thin selective layers. The effects proved stronger for PA 10 kDa than for 50 kDa. In fact, similar pretreatment procedures caused larger pore size and pore size distribution for PA 10 kDa than for 50 kDa. The properties of emulsions in terms of droplet size distribution reflected the membrane pore sizes obtained after pretreatment. The correlation between pore size and droplet size, for the physicochemical and fluid dynamic conditions used, has been evaluated. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Treatment of oily water by a poly(vinyl alcohol) ultrafiltration membrane
Desalination, 2008
Effectiveness of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane selected for ultrafiltration of synthetic oily water was evaluated in this study. The experiments were conducted by using a pilot-scale continuous cross-flow membrane filtration system manufactured by our laboratory. The effect of temperature, oil concentration, transmembrane pressure, and crossflow velocity on the membrane permeation flux and oil retention was studied. Washing methods for fouled membranes and membrane flux recovery ratio were also investigated. The experimental results show that the PVA ultrafiltration membrane has high values of oil retention and permeation flux, and the flux recovery ratio is more than 95%, which demonstrates that the PVA membrane has excellent antifouling characteristics to oil.
Ultrafiltration of oil/water emulsions using PVDF/PC blend membranes
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 19443994 2013 846539, 2015
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The objective of this study is to investigate ultrafiltration polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for oil-in-water emulsion removal. Flat sheet polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was fabricated and characterized. Ultrafiltration membrane was fabricated using a dry/wet phase inversion technique. The work was performed to investigate the effect of incorporating polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane which had been modified for higher porosity and hydrophilicity through the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for removal of oil from the oily wastewater. The performances of different (PES) membranes were evaluated by treating with pure water. Tween 20 surfactant was used to develop high surface pressure in emulsion interface to make oily waste water. Membrane characterization were performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), pure water permeation (PWP), UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. The experimental results showed that oil rejection using PES membrane were over 98% and oil concentration in the permeate was below 2 mg/L from 100 mg/L, which met the requirement for discharge. It was concluded that the ultrafiltration (UF) PES membranes incorporating PEG and PVP was developed oil filtration from wastewater.
Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2020
The industries like petroleum refining, petrochemicals, metallurgical, oil & gas, etc., generate a substantial volume of oily wastewater, and it is recognized as a potential threat to the environment. The topic of oily wastewater treatment is very topical and important to major industry developments such as shale oil and gas. Among the techniques employed, the treatment of oily wastewater using polymeric ultrafiltration membrane (UFM) has emerged as a cost-effective technique with ease of operation as well as high separation efficiency over the conventional oily wastewater treatment methods. The major limitation of the UFM technique is mainly due to the fouling of membranes because of the accumulation of tiny oil droplets on the surface and blockage of membrane pores. Therefore, the enhanced wettability (i.e., hydrophilicity) and the antifouling behavior of membranes are the key parameters to improve the performance of UFMs. In this review, we briefly highlight the parametric effects on the performance of UFM performance, which includes the (i) composition of the membrane related to the blend-ratio of several additives (namely, polymeric, inorganic, grafted polymers, etc.) (ii) operating conditions (pH, temperature, salinity, oil concentration, and cross-flow velocity of feed, the viscosity of casting solution and salinity of the coagulation bath, etc.) and (iii) process optimization. The review further provides an insight into the fouling of membranes using oily wastewater. Finally, the present review emphasizes the challenges faced for commercial applications of UFM, economic aspects as well as the range of strategies for the researchers to follow.
Investigation of parameters affecting the ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsion wastewater
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013
The ultrafiltration (UF) of model oily wastewater containing an emulsifier was investigated in order to determine the main parameters affecting the flux, retention and membrane fouling. The experiments were carried out with a laboratory UF device, using regenerated cellulose UF membranes. The finding that the fall in flux with time correlated best with the cake formation model is in accordance with the result that increasing resistance during filtration is caused predominantly by the concentration polarization, while the participation of membrane fouling in the total resistance is negligible. Analysis of the parameters affecting the UF of oily wastewater demonstrated that the flux is mainly influenced by temperature and concentration (besides the membrane pore size), while the concentration and the stirring speed are the parameters affecting the resistance. The retention increased slightly with concentration, but this was mainly determined by the membrane pore size.
Preparation of oil-in-water emulsions using polyamide 10 kDa hollow fiber membrane
Journal of Membrane Science, 2003
In this work, asymmetric polyamide hollow fibre membranes having nominal molecular weight cut-off (NMWCO) of 10 kDa, internal diameter of 1.5 (±0.1) mm, and thickness of 0.4 (±0.05) mm have been used to prepare oil-in-water emulsions. Pure isooctane (or isooctane containing naproxen methyl ester) as oil dispersed phase, ultrapure water (or 50 mmol l −1 (50 mM) phosphate buffer pH 7.00) as continuous phase, and sodium dodecil sulphate (SDS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as emulsifier and stabiliser, respectively, were used.
Review on Membranes for the Filtration of Aqueous Based Solution: Oil in Water Emulsion
Journal of Membrane Science & Technology, 2018
This review provides insight into the application of membrane technology in the filtration of aqueous solution generated from different industries. Due to the ever-evolving and demanding strict attention to rules and regulation for discharging of oily waste water, researchers have investigated membrane technology as a best and suitable method for separation of oil in oil-water emulsion. Membrane-based separation processes are becoming a novel material to treat oily wastewater due its facile operation process and effective in removal of oil from oil/water emulsion. This review summarizes or highlights the recent development of advanced membrane technology employed to separate oil in water emulsion using polymer and ceramic-based membranes and modified membranes via blending, coating, grafting and other techniques. Moreover, integrated membranes system to achieve high separation efficiency over single membrane process is also discussed. Perspective and conclusions concerning the future development of filtration membranes for treatment of oil in water mixture are also provided. A review of membrane technology for oil/water emulsion treatment could have a substantial contribution in developing novel membranes and modification of the existed membranes.
Desalination, 2011
Membrane cleaning Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes modified by the nano-sized TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 were applied to the separation of oil/water emulsion. Experiments were carried out in a constant flux dead-end Ultrafiltration cell, and the influence of operating parameters such as: trans-membrane pressure (TMP), and feed properties e.g. pH, initial oil concentration, and total dissolved solid (TDS) of the feed solution on membrane performance were investigated. The results show that all the parameters except TDS played an important role in Relative Flux (RF) of this UF process, Moreover, Modified PVDF membrane (MPM) showed a better antifouling character than PVDF membrane (PM) under the same conditions. A satisfying flux recovery was observed for fouled membranes when being washed with pure water, and even better when washing with NaClO solution. However, reversed cleaning by water and mechanical scrubbing led to the RF decreased sharply. It was concluded that MPM may be considered feasible in treating oily wastewater. Due to the enhanced hydrophilicity, all the modified PVDF membranes exhibited higher RF and better antifouling property compared with the control PVDF membrane under the same operational conditions.
Desalination and water treatment
A coagulation–centrifugation/ultrafiltration hybrid process has been performed for the treatment of a commercial oil-in-water emulsion used in metalworking operations. The effect of pre-treatment stage on membrane fouling was evaluated to ascertain the main fouling mechanism and to establish the best membrane cleaning procedure. The hybrid process was optimized in terms of the maximum ultrafiltration (UF) permeate flux. Destabilization temperature, transmembrane pressure, feed flow rate to the UF module, and coagulant salt molar concentration were selected as factors. The experiments were designed using Taguchi method, and the contribution of each factor was determined using a statistical analysis of variance. Experimental results were also discussed in terms of environmental parameters (chemical oxygen demand [COD], conductivity, pH, and turbidity) for the main process streams. The best fit to experimental data of permeate flux decline corresponded to the cake/gel layer formation m...