El futuro de la seguridad social en la Argentina: un análisis del Sistema Previsional Argentino (SIPA) y propuestas para su mejora (original) (raw)

2022, Políticas SocialesPolíticas Sociales: estrategias para construir un nuevo horizonte de futuro vol. 5

The main objective of this paper is to carry out a study of social security in Argentina, focusing on the national level in order to propose some guidelines for its future improvement. The Argentinean Pension System (SIPA) created in 2008 with Law 26.425 is the main social security system in the country, covering 11.5 million workers, belonging to the private sector throughout the country and national public employees and 10 provinces (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán). Outside this system, there are 13 other funds for state employees in the provinces (Córdoba, Buenos Aires, Chaco, Chubut, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, La Pampa, Misiones, Neuquén, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe and Tierra del Fuego), 26 municipal schemes, 76 professional funds and funds for security forces personnel. Currently, in a population of 45 million inhabitants, the SIPA is in charge of settling 6 million contributory pensions and retirement pensions (being the Latin American country with the highest coverage), 1.5 million non-contributory pensions, 4 million contributory family allowances, 4.4 million universal allowances (non-contributory), as well as unemployment benefits, among other social security benefits. Thus, this social protection system reaches 40% of the working age population (comprising 28 million people), 70% of children under 18 with family allowance coverage, and more than 95% of the elderly with pensions and retirement benefits. Throughout history, social security has gone through different stages. We can trace an embryonic phase, based on union-managed funds and a collectively funded pay-as-you-go system (1884-1946), the expansion and establishment of a stratified pay-as-you-go system (1946-1967), the maturation and crisis of the public pay-as-you-go system (1967-1991), reform and privatisation with the establishment of individual capitalisation accounts (1991-2008), and the new expansion and re-estatisation (2008 to the present). In this last stage, major problems of the pension system have been solved, such as passive coverage (older adults with retirement or pension), the gender gap, the extension of family allowances (with the creation of the AUH), and the choice of a formula for the mobility of retirement and pensions.