Seasonal variation in the correlation of airglow temperature and emission rate (original) (raw)
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The temperature dependence of airglow emissions from the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Planetary and Space Science, 1991
Abstrati-An analysis of a long time-series of measu~ments of the airglow emissions, OH(9,4) 775.0 nm, NaD 589 nm, 01 557.7 nm and O&O, 1) 864.5 nm atmospheric band, shows that the nocturnal mean intensities of all these emissions are highly correlated with the nocturnal temperature means, as determined from the rotational structure of the OH(9,4) emission. After removing seasonal and long-term variations, the closest correlation is observed between the OH(9,4) emission intensity and the corresponding rotational temperature, followed by the NaD, and the 01 557.7 nm and 0,A emissions. The regression coefficients, (dZ/f)/(d~/~), where Z is intensity and 2" is temperature, are between 8 and 9 for the NaD and oxygen emissions, and about 5.5 for the OH band. It is clear that these regression coefficients do not reflect the temperature dependences of the various reactions involved. It seems probable that the observed correlations are the result of correlated temperature and density changes in the upper atmosphere.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1983
We report results from a continuous 24-hour measurement of the OH (8-3) band emission in the nightglow at 78.4øN. A mean temperature of 273 K and a mean band intensity of 596 R were observed. Extreme temperature variations were seen with amplitudes up to + 70 K from the mean. It is suggested that these variations are related to the passage of internal gravity waves. If so, the extreme amplitudes of the variations might imply that the OH emitting layer is situated above 90 km at this latitude in January. The deduced •/ values (AlII/AT/T) favor the ozone mechanism to be responsible for the OH emission with the possibility of an additional mechanism contributing up to 5%. 1. INTRODUCTION Since Meinel [1950] identified the OH band system in the night airflow, a large number of investigators have tried to elucidate the physics and chemistry behind the different patterns of behavior of the OH nightglow. The study of OH emissions alone or together with other nightglow emissions provides important information on temperature, density, composition, and behavior of the upper mesosphere. OH emission measurements may also be used as an important tool for observing the effects of propagating gravity waves through the atmosphere [Krassovsky, 1972;
Annales Geophysicae, 2004
More than 3 years of airglow observations with a Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI) installed at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (37.06 • N, 3.38 • W) at 2900 m height have been analyzed. Values of the column emission rate and vertically averaged temperature of the O 2 atmospheric (0-1) band and of the OH Meinel (6-2) band from 1998 to 2002 have been presented. From these observations a clear seasonal variation of both emission rates and rotational temperatures is inferred at this latitude. It is found that the annual variation of the temperatures is larger than the semiannual variation, while for the emission rates the amplitudes are comparable.
Annales Geophysicae, 2004
More than 3 years of airglow observations with a Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI) installed at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (37.06 • N, 3.38 • W) at 2900 m height have been analyzed. Values of the column emission rate and vertically averaged temperature of the O 2 atmospheric (0-1) band and of the OH Meinel (6-2) band from 1998 to 2002 have been presented. From these observations a clear seasonal variation of both emission rates and rotational temperatures is inferred at this latitude. It is found that the annual variation of the temperatures is larger than the semiannual variation, while for the emission rates the amplitudes are comparable. Key words. Atmospheric composition and structure (airglow and aurora; pressure density and temperature; instruments and techniques)
An 18-year Timeseries of OH Rotational Temperatures and Middle Atmosphere Decadal Variations
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2002
Rotational temperatures are derived from measurements of the (3-1) transitions of the OH Meinel bands. They are found to be a reasonable proxy for atmospheric kinetic temperatures at an altitude of 3 × 10 −3 hPa (87 km). Measurements were taken in Wuppertal (51 • N=7 • E) from 1980 to 1998. A second (shorter) data set (1980 -1991) is available for Northern Scandinavia (Andoya, 69 • N=16 • E, and Kiruna, 68 • N=21 • E). Data are analyzed for seasonal variations (annual, semi-annual, terannual) and for long-term changes of the temperature. Furthermore atmospheric wave activity is studied by means of measured short-term temperature uctuations. Amplitudes and phases of the seasonal components do not change much during the measurement period. On the contrary annual mean temperatures and wave activity show strong long-term and even decadal variations. Similar decadal "episodes" are found in data from the Stratospheric Sounding Units (SSU) and from radiosondes at lower altitudes (1 hPa=47 km and 10 hPa=31 km, respectively). Temperature variations during these episodes are rather large (10 K) and need to be taken into account when using reference or standard atmospheres. Episodic variations of temperature and wave activity are found to be correlated. They appear to be consistent with the "downward control principle" (Rev. Geophys. 33 (1995) 403).
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1985
Ground-based simultaneous observations of four airglow features are analysed. The diurnal variations of the emission intensities and cross correlations between them for various time shifts are presented. It is found thatO2(1∑)(0–1) band correlates very well with OI-green line with no variation with season. The maximum correlation of O2(0–l) with NaD lines is obtained when a time lag of 0.5 h is considered. A lag of l h improves the covariation between O2(0−1) and OH(6−2) bands. The OH(6−2) band lags l h behind the green line emission, but their mean correlation coefficient keeps below 0.2, being the lowest of all relations studied. Very good correlation is obtained between OH(6−2) and NaD emissions with a time lag of about 0.5 h, and the same lag occurs between NaD and OI-557.7 nm lines. The difference in the altitudes of the emission layers and the phase lags observed between the emissions provide information on the vertical structure and on atmospheric oscillations in the middle atmosphere.
Polar OH-airglow temperature variations in the 87/88 winter
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial & Planetary Science, 2001
Measurements of OH-airglow spectra from Nordlysstasjonen in Adventdalen, Svalbard (15¡ E, 78¡ N) from the period 1980-2000 have been done. The temperature at 87 km height was iterated by fitting synthetic spectra to the measured spectra using the vibrational band (6-2). As a first result of the analysis of the time series mesospheric coolings, strong diurnal and semidiurnal tides and a planetary wave have been found in the temperatures in the winter of 1987/1988. At the time of the extraordinarily early stratospheric warming in December a cooling of 30 K was observed. The strength of the diurnal and semidiurnal tides were 30 K and 15 K respectively. The observation of the planetary wave confirms various models that have shown that mesospheric planetary waves can be generated indirectly by planetary waves in the stratosphere, due to an uneven distribution of the propagation of orographic planetary waves into the mesosphere.
Diurnal and seasonal variations of the oh (8, 3) airglow band and its correlation with OI 5577 Å
Planetary and Space Science, 1977
In this paper the results of OH (8,3) emission intensity and rotational temperature measurements made in the Brazilian sector (23'S) from 1972 to 1974 are presented. Diurnal variations of both the parameters are found to fall into distinct classes, showing significant seasonal effects. A correlative study with the 01 5577 A emission measured simultaneously is also presented. It is shown that both the phase and amplitude of the major part of the mean nocturnal intensity variations of the two emissions can be explained by the density and temperature perturbations caused by the solar semidi~al tide. The OH emission is found to increase slightly during magnetic dkturbances.
Annales Geophysicae
We consider 5 years of spectrometer measurements of OH(6–2) and O<sub>2</sub>(0–1) airglow emission intensities and temperatures made near Adelaide, Australia (35° S, 138° E), between September 2001 and August 2006 and compare them with measurements of the same parameters from at the same site using an airglow imager, with the intensities of the OH(8–3) and O(<sup>1</sup>S) emissions made with a filter photometer, and with 2 years of Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) v3.3 temperatures and 4.5 years of TIMED SABER (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) v2.0 temperatures for the same site. We also consider whether we can recover the actual emission heights from the intercomparison of the ground-based and satellite observations. We find a significant improvement in the correlation between the spectrometer OH and SABER temperatures by interpolating the latter to constant density ...