Investigating the potential of using environmental magnetism techniques as pollution proxy in urban road deposited sediment (original) (raw)
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Environmental Pollution, 2014
Magnetic properties of road dusts from 26 urban sites in Bulgaria are studied. Temporal variations of magnetic susceptibility (c) during eighteen months monitoring account for approximately 1/3rd of the mean annual values. Analysis of heavy metal contents and magnetic parameters for the fraction d < 63 mm reveal significant correlations (p < 0.05) between c and Fe, Mn and PLI index. The highest negative correlation (R 2 ¼ À0.84) is observed between the ratio ARM/c and Pb content. It suggests that Pb is related to brake/tyre wear emissions, releasing larger particles and higher Pb during slow driving e braking. Bulk c values of road dusts per city show significant correlation with population size and mean annual NO 2 concentration on a log-normal scale. The results demonstrate the applicability of magnetic measurements of road dusts for estimation of mean NO 2 levels at high spatial density, which is important for pollution modelling and health risk assessment.
Magnetic properties of road dusts from 26 urban sites in Bulgaria are studied. Temporal variations of magnetic susceptibility (c) during eighteen months monitoring account for approximately 1/3rd of the mean annual values. Analysis of heavy metal contents and magnetic parameters for the fraction d < 63 mm reveal significant correlations (p < 0.05) between c and Fe, Mn and PLI index. The highest negative correlation (R 2 ¼ À0.84) is observed between the ratio ARM/c and Pb content. It suggests that Pb is related to brake/tyre wear emissions, releasing larger particles and higher Pb during slow driving e braking. Bulk c values of road dusts per city show significant correlation with population size and mean annual NO 2 concentration on a log-normal scale. The results demonstrate the applicability of magnetic measurements of road dusts for estimation of mean NO 2 levels at high spatial density, which is important for pollution modelling and health risk assessment.
Magnetic properties of road dusts from 26 urban sites in Bulgaria are studied. Temporal variations of magnetic susceptibility (c) during eighteen months monitoring account for approximately 1/3rd of the mean annual values. Analysis of heavy metal contents and magnetic parameters for the fraction d < 63 mm reveal significant correlations (p < 0.05) between c and Fe, Mn and PLI index. The highest negative correlation (R 2 ¼ À0.84) is observed between the ratio ARM/c and Pb content. It suggests that Pb is related to brake/tyre wear emissions, releasing larger particles and higher Pb during slow driving e braking. Bulk c values of road dusts per city show significant correlation with population size and mean annual NO 2 concentration on a log-normal scale. The results demonstrate the applicability of magnetic measurements of road dusts for estimation of mean NO 2 levels at high spatial density, which is important for pollution modelling and health risk assessment.
2009
The application of mineral magnetic concentration parameters (χ LF , χ ARM and SIRM) as a potential particle size proxy for urban road deposited sediment collected from Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, U.K. has been investigated. Correlation analyses between each magnetic parameter and traditional particle size classes (i.e. sand, silt and clay) and respiratory health related size classes (i.e. PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1.0) are reported. Significant relationships (p <0.01; n = 35) exist between clay content and two of the magnetic concentration parameters (χ ARM and SIRM). This is also the same for each PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1.0 sizes. Of the three magnetic parameters, χ ARM displays the strongest correlation (r = 0.45; p <0.01; n = 35) values and is the most significant parameter, which is consistent with class sizes of each approach. In doing so, these associations indicate mineral magnetic measurements have considerable potential as a particle size proxy for determining urban roadside particulate matter concentrations. Given the speed, low-cost and sensitivity of the measurements, this suggests magnetic techniques could potentially be used as an alternative and/or complementary exploratory technology for pilot particulate pollution investigations. Furthermore, in certain instances, it could be useful for examining linkages between respiratory health and particulate pollution and vehicle emissions.
Potential linkages between mineral magnetic measurements and urban roadside soil pollution (part 2)
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 2014
Use of mineral magnetic concentration parameters (χ LF , χ ARM and SIRM) as a potential pollution proxy for soil samples collected from Wolverhampton (UK) is explored. Comparison of soil-related analytical data by correlation analyses between each magnetic parameter and individual geochemical classes (i.e. Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cd), are reported. χ LF , χ ARM and SIRM parameters reveal significant (p <0.001 n = 60), strong (r = 0.632-0.797), associations with Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb. Inter-geochemical correlations suggest anthropogenic influences, which is supported by low FD % measurements that infer an influence of multidomain mineralogy are indicative of anthropogenic combustion processes. Results indicate mineral magnetic measurements could potentially be used as a geochemical indicator for soils in certain environments and/or specific settings that are appropriate for monitoring techniques. The mineral magnetic technique offers a simple, reliable, rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and non-destructive approach that could be a valuable pollution proxy for soil contamination studies.
The magnetic materials contained in the urban soil or roadside soils have become increasingly important as they could serve as good adsorbent media for the heavy metals such as Co, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni. Usually, Fe-Oxides or hydroxides such as the magnetite, hematite and goethite are contained in the soil originated through natural or anthropogenic processes. The results obtained in this investigation indicate the positive correlation between magnetic materials content and the heavy metals concentrations, and show that magnetite (Fe3O4) is the main magnetic mineral phase, which might be attributed to various anthropogenic sources mainly the traffic related activities. Recently, this finding has an important implication in monitoring the urban and roadside soil heavy metal pollution, which was developed into new concept called the environmental magnetism.
Air Pollution XIX, 2011
Road deposited sediments (RDS) are a recognised pollution problem and a worrying public health concern of many urban environments. Linkages between the magneto characteristics of RDS and their particle size properties have been explored to determine the extent to which magnetic technologies can be utilised as a proxy for proffering insights to address pollution challenges. Samples (n = 60) were collected (May, 2008) along both sides of a busy urban road (Marylebone Road) in central London, UK. Magnetic concentration parameters (LF, χARM and SIRM) reveal high levels of magnetic material, when compared to previous urban RDS studies. Correlation analysis between the magnetic parameters and textural parameters (LF, χARM, SIRM and PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10) show significantly strong relationships but, unlike earlier studies, the trends display negative correlations. Despite this kinship not adhering to previously identified trends, this does not mean that mineral magnetic measurements cannot be used as a proxy. Moreover, it simply implies that the nature of any trends needs to be established for specific places before it can be reliably applied as a proxy.
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2018
Purpose Magnetic measurements provide quantitative data on urban pollution (including heavy metal content) which correlate significantly with geochemical analysis and better constrain the source character of pollutants. The present study is aimed to map the distribution of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments (RDS) and identify the possible provenance of the sediments during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon (mainly fog) periods of Allahabad city, India. Materials and methods In all, 442 RDS samples from 60 representative locations were collected over 3 years, and the different magnetic parameters and metal concentrations were determined. The magnetic minerals were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and backscatter electron-scanning electron microscopy (BSE-SEM) while principal component analysis (PCA) was used for the provenance tracing of the RDS. Results and discussion The samples record high magnetic susceptibility (χlf; x : 174.44-604.36 × 10 −8 m 3 kg −1), saturation isothermal remnant magnetization (SIRM; x : 1586.30-2421.51 × 10 −5 A m 2 kg −1) and anhysteric remnant magnetization susceptibility (χARM; x : 461.64-1099.68 × 10 −8 m 3 kg −1) values independent of seasonal change. The magnetic minerals in the sediments lie in pseudo-single domain (PSD) and multi-domain (MD) from anthropogenic sources while stable single domain (SSD) is associated with both natural and anthropogenic sources. PCA of magnetic proxies with heavy metal concentrations suggests the derivation of the RDS from multiple (crustal, anthropogenic, traffic, and industrial) sources. The XRD analyses confirm the presence of magnetite and hematite, in addition to quartz, feldspar, gypsum, apatite, calcite, and dolomite in the RDS. Limited geochemical analysis of the RDS comprising Na,
Recent Applications of Mineral Magnetic Methods in Sediment Pollution Studies: a Review
Current Pollution Reports, 2018
This paper reviews recent progress in applying mineral magnetic methods in sediment pollution studies. Such applications include its use as a dating marker, as a proxy for heavy metal concentrations and to trace metal pollutant dispersal. The mineral magnetic method has been found to be a promising tool in a wide range of sediment metal pollution studies. However, its use as a proxy of heavy metal concentrations is not always straightforward. This reflects the potentially mixed origins of magnetic minerals in sediments which may have an anthropogenic, natural or mixed source. Furthermore, anthropogenic magnetic particles may not have a common source with heavy metals. The possible linkage between magnetic minerals and heavy metals is discussed. The role of sorting, sorption/desorption and post-depositional diagenesis on the magnetic mineral-heavy metal linkage is highlighted as still requiring careful consideration. It is suggested that detailed characterisation of magnetic mineralogy using combined magnetic, geochemical and mineralogical methods is critical to the optimization of sediment pollution studies using a mineral magnetic approach.
Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2013
Steel works, combustion of fossil fuel, and vehicles are the most important sources of magnetic particulate matter in the industrial-urban environment. These particles are easily detectable by magnetic measurements on the field. In this paper we present a multidisciplinary mineralogical and magnetic study on some samples directly or closely associated with their pollution sources. Detailed mineralogical investigations (XRD, SEM-EDX, WDX, ATEM) and special magnetic measurements (mass susceptibility, Curie-point, decay rate of the isothermal remanent magnetization in time, frequency dependence of the magnetic susceptibility) were carried out on representative samples. Magnetite was identified as the most important inorganic pollutant using magnetic and mineralogical methods. We found that it had no distinct chemical composition or morphological difference for the different sources, but the extremely small grains are primarily characteristic of traffic. The grain size of magnetite spherules showed decrease among the different sources with the following order: steel factories, combustion plants, traffic. The presence of magnetite as pollutant in the environment can be monitored more easily and costeffectively by magnetic than mineralogical methods. Nevertheless, the magnetic methods should be combined with detailed mineralogical investigations on representative samples selected by their magnetic properties, in order to obtain full information about the pollutants, including non-magnetic constituents. Additionally, the role of different pollution sources have to be estimated by the complex analyses of the different grain sizes of the dust collected regularly for a long time.