WHO campaign to fight depression: an urgent public health agenda (original) (raw)
Related papers
Depression: A Mental Health Illness that needs to be validated by the Indian Society
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology IJRASET, 2020
This research paper talks about the mental health illness-Depression. Depression is a medical illness that interferes with an individual's capacity to deal with day to day activities. Our society has a habit of shunning the topic of mental illness and treating it as a taboo. Through our research paper, we have explained the causes, symptoms and different treatments available in India to cure Depression. This report also explores the awareness regarding this subject. There is an urgent need of society to accept that health includes physical as well as mental health.
Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Clinical Depression Among Health Providers in Gujarat, India
Annals of Global Health, 2014
Background: Clinical depression is a major leading cause of morbidity and mortality but it is oftentimes overlooked and undertreated. The negative perception and lack of understanding of this condition prevents millions of people from seeking appropriate and on-time medical help, leading to distress and increased burden for affected people and their families. The implementation of public education campaigns and training of non-psychiatric health professionals on mental health and clinical depression has been neglected in several countries, including India, which is the second most populous country in the world with a population of more than 1.2 billion people, almost one-fifth of the world's population. Objective: This study sought to explore the knowledge and attitudes toward the diagnosis and treatment of clinical depression in nonpsychiatric health care providers in Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted over a 4-week period In Gujarat, India among resident physicians and community health workers about their knowledge and views on clinical depression. Findings: We found considerable stigma and misinformation about depression especially among health care workers in India. Most of the community health workers had a great deal of difficulty when defining clinical depression, and a large majority said that they never heard about depression or its definition and although the overwhelming majority of respondents did not believe that clinical depression results from a punishment from God (82% disagreed or strongly disagreed with this belief) or evil spirits (77.5%), a much smaller proportion disagreed with the assertions that depression was either solely due to difficult circumstances (38.2%) or that sufferers only had themselves to blame (47.2%). Meanwhile, only 32.6% disagreed with the position that clinical depression is a sign of weakness and 39.4% disagreed with the statement that suicide was a sign of weakness. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the considerable public health priority facing India's policymakers and planners to better educate more non-psychiatric physicians and community health workers to identify, understand, and respond to early signs of mental illnesses, especially clinical depression.
PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF DEPRESSION IN ADULT WOMEN OF KANPUR
The World Health Organization (WHO) Global burden of disease study estimates that mental and addictive disorders are among the most burdensome in the world, and their burden will increase over the next few decades. The mental and behavioral disorders account for about 12% of the global burden of diseases. By 2020 it is likely to increase to 15%.1. In developing countries, which contain 4/5th of the world’s population, non-communicable diseases like psychiatric disorders are quickly replacing infectious diseases and are becoming the major cause of disability and early deaths.
BMJ Open
ObjectivesThe National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of India was undertaken with the objectives of (1) estimating the prevalence and patterns of various mental disorders in representative Indian population and (2) identifying the treatment gap, healthcare utilisation, disabilities and impact of mental disorders. This paper highlights findings pertaining to depressive disorders (DD) from the NMHS.DesignMultisite population-based cross-sectional study. Subjects were selected by multistage stratified random cluster sampling technique with random selection based on probability proportionate to size at each stage.SettingConducted across 12 states in India (representing varied cultural and geographical diversity), employing uniform, standardised and robust methodology.ParticipantsA total of 34 802 adults (>18 years) were interviewed.Main outcome measurePrevalence of depressive disorders (ICD-10 DCR) diagnosed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview V.6.0.ResultsThe weighted ...
Prevalence and treatment coverage for depression: a population-based survey in Vidarbha, India
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2016
Purpose VISHRAM is a community-based mental health program to address psycho-social distress and risk factors for suicide in a predominantly rural population in Central India, through targeted interventions for the prevention and management of Depression and Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). The evaluation was designed to assess the impact of program on the contact coverage of evidence-based treatments for depression and AUD through a repeated survey design. This paper describes the baseline prevalence of depression among adults in rural community, association of various demographic and socioeconomic factors with depression and estimates contact coverage and costs of care for depression. Methods Population-based cross-sectional survey of adults in 30 villages of Amravati district in Vidarbha region of Central India. The outcome of interest was a probable diagnosis of depression which was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Data were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression. Results The outcome of current depression (PHQ-9 C 10) was observed in 14.6 % of the sample (95 % CI 12.8-16.4 %). The contact coverage for current depression was only 4.3 % (95 % CI 1.5-7.1 %). Prevalence of depression varied greatly between the two sites of the study; higher age, female gender, lower education, economic status below poverty line and indebtedness were associated with depression; and while a contact coverage with formal health care was very low, a large proportion of affected persons had consulted family members. Conclusions Our findings clearly indicate that psychosocial distress in rural communities in Maharashtra is strongly associated with social determinants such as gender, poverty and indebtedness and affects the entire population and not just farmers.
Findings of a retrospective study on factors responsible for depression in a Northern Indian State
Journal of Mood Disorders, 2014
Bölgesinde depresyondan sorumlu olan etmenleri inceleyen geriye dönük çalışma bir çalışmanın sonuçları Amaç: Depresyon, dünya genelinde hastalık ve özürlülük sebepleri arasında başı çekmektedir. Depresyon sıklığından sorumlu etmenler ülkeler ve kültürler arasında değişir. Bu çalışmada Hindistan'ın Haryana bölgesindeki depresyon yaygınlığı ve bundan sorumlu olası risk etmeleri ile ilgili bilgi sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Üç farklı ilçe devlet hastanelerinin psikiyatri birimlerinden Eylül 2010 tarihinden Ağustos 2013 yılına kadar depresyon tanısı doğrulanmış toplam 4512 hastanın geriye dönük tıbbi kayıtları değerlendirilerek çalışma verisi oluşturuldu. Veriler bir istatistiksel yazılım olan SPSS versiyon 13 ® kullanılarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Depresyon sıklığı kadınlarda anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptandı (χ 2 =32.9, df=1, p<0.001) ve hastaların çoğunluğu kadındı (58 %). Etnik yapı açısından, hastaların yüzde yetmiş sekizini Hindular ve toplumun düşük ve daha düşük sınıfları oluşturmaktaydı. Fakat, yaş açısından ise 1714'ü (38%) 50 yaş ve üstünde idi (χ 2 =38.78, df=1, p<0.001). Hasta değerlendirmelerinde en sık tespit edilen stresörler; sosyal sorunlar ve tıbbi hastalıklardı. Kadınlarda depresyonla ilişkili belirlenen etmenler; evlilik ve aile problemleri, sonra sırası ile ilişki/çocuk sorunları ve sevilen birinin vefatıydı. Fakat erkeklerde ise; finansal ve iş ile ilişkili sorunlar en sık belirtilen stresörlerdi. Tıbbi hastalıklardan ise en sık olarak belirtileni hipertansiyon idi. Sonuç: Genel olarak, bulgular düşük sosyoekonomik düzeydeki ve tıbbi hastalıkları olan yaşlı hastalarda depresyonun yüksek oranda olduğunun göstermektedir.
Introduction: There is a heavy burden of depressive disorders in the present day world. This was a study that addressed the sociodemographic and clinical profile various severe depressive disorders in the valley of Kashmir (Southeast-Asia) as well as their association with the socio-demographic factors. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among the patients visiting Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IMHANS), Srinagar, India. A standard questionnaire to know the socio-demographic and clinical profile of depressive disorders was provided to study volunteers. In order to obtain the means and proportions, descriptive statistics were performed. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 39.6 (±11.76) years. The age group 41-50 years (28.6%), followed by 31-40 years (26.8%) had the maximum number of patients. Males constituted 51.8% of the total patients and the rest were females (48.2%). Most of the patients had unipolar depression (53.6%) followed by those with Bipolar affective disorder in mania (19.7). 66.1% and 33.9% patients were rural and urban dwellers, respectively. 53.6% patients were married, while 33.9% patients were unmarried, 10.7% patients were widowed and 1.8% patients were divorced. The highest number (50%) of patients had income between Rs. 5000-15000. 41% of the studied population were illiterate followed by 26.8% graduates. Most of the patients (48.2%) patients belonged to socioeconomic class 2. Conclusion: The depressive disorders are not uncommon in Kashmir Valley. These can have an early onset as well as are highly co-morbid. Priority should be given to the prevention, early detection and treatment of the depressive disorders.
VIPSIG_Depression_around_the_world.pdf
As a mental health community we are proud to mark World Health Day, 7th April 2017, which this year has a theme of depression and suicide. This is the first time that there has been mental health theme on World Health Day since 2001. We commemorate this day with stories of depression from over 30 countries around the world. We know that depression is one of the most disabling conditions in global health – currently the third most disabling condition globally and predicted to be the leading and most disabling condition throughout the world by 2030. Depression is universal, taking no account of class, religion, or ethnic group. It spares neither the rich, nor the poor. It is the silent illness causing untold misery. It leads to effects on whole families, children's health and wellbeing. In terms of mental health interventions, if there is just one thing we can do, it should be to diagnose and treat depression. Treatment of depression is cost-effective and cheap, with a huge dividend in well-being for the affected and their families. In these stories we see a range of views of depression, but the same themes come up again and again – barriers to treatment, stigma, missed diagnosis and opportunities to pick up depression are universal in low-, middle- and high-income countries. The countries have been selected through our professional and personal connections and don’t represent any agenda. The views expressed belong to the individual authors.
INCREASING DEPRESSION IN INDIAN WOMEN: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY
Depression is a common, complex mental illness of person across gender, race, ethnicity, religion, age, and socioeconomic status. Though depression has been observed in most countries of the world, some countries or cultures do not have a word for depression. Epidemiologic data from around the world demonstrate that major depression is approximately twice common in women than men. Progress has been made in understanding the epidemiology of depression and in developing effective treatments. The rates of depression for females have been consistently higher as compared to rates for males. However, the greater numbers of depressed women may reflect referral and treatment biases, social roles and expectations, specific biological and reproductive differences, higher rates of victimization and poverty, and the under diagnosis of males. In India Women have very negligible access to mental health care and the only setting where there is gender parity in access to health care is the community setting. Lack of education, superstitions and reluctance on the part of the womenfolk and the social stigma and bleak chances of matrimonial placement in our culture are significant determinants. In general, two perspectives are most often discussed in the explaining gender differences in rates of depression: (1) the reproduction, and (2) women's roles, status, and life situations. Trans-cultural stability of gender ratio (more women than men) makes logical hypothesis more reasonable. It may be likely that sex differences in rates of