Changes in quality during maturation of physalis fruit (original) (raw)
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Revista Brasileira De Fruticultura, 2022
The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical-chemical and physiological changes during the maturation of fruits and seeds of P. peruviana and to determine the best stage for harvesting in the Brazillian semi-arid conditions. The fruits of P. peruviana were collected at five stages of maturation based on the color of the epicarp: stage 1: light green fruit; stage 2: yellowish-green; stage 3: light yellow with green color in the area that connects to the calyx; stage 4: yellow; stage 5: yellowish-orange. Physical and physico-chemical (length, diameter, fresh weight, fruit and calyx color, and total soluble solids) characteristics were evaluated. The physiological characteristics of the seeds were evaluated for water content and dry weight, germination percentage, germination speed index, emergence percentage, emergence speed index were also determined. The highest values of fruit weight, width, length and total soluble solids were recorded from stage S5, although it did not differ from stages S3 and S4. P. peruviana seeds reached their maximum physiological quality from S3 stage. On the other hand, the harvesting of fruits with characteristics meeting the minimum standards required for sale and consumption in natura should be carried out when the fruit and the calyx appear completely yellow, in the S4 stage. These findings point out which attributes may help improve current methods for monitoring ripening of physalis, in particular the commercially important specie P. peruviana. Index terms: Solanaceae, seed quality, physiological maturity, small fruits. Impacto do estágio de maturação sobre o ponto de colheita dos frutos e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Physalis peruviana L. Resumo-O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações físico-químicas e fisiológicas durante a maturação de frutos e de sementes de P. peruviana e determinar o melhor estágio de colheita nas condições semiáridas brasileiras. Os frutos de P. peruviana foram coletados em cinco estádios de maturação, de acordo com a cor do epicarpo. Estágio 1: fruto verde-claro; estágio 2: verde-amarelado; estágio 3: amarelo-claro com coloração verde na área que se conecta ao cálice; estágio 4: amarelo; estágio 5: laranjaamarelado. Foram avaliadas as características físicas e físico-químicas (comprimento, diâmetro, massa fresca, cor do fruto e do cálice e sólidos solúveis totais). As características fisiológicas das sementes foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de água, ao peso seco, à percentagem de germinação, ao índice de velocidade de germinação, à percentagem de emergência e ao índice de velocidade de emergência. Os maiores valores para peso, largura, comprimento e sólidos solúveis totais do fruto foram registrados no estágio S5, embora não tenha diferido dos estágios S3 e S4. Sementes de P. peruviana atingiram sua qualidade fisiológica máxima a partir do estádio S3. Por outro lado, a colheita de frutos com características que atendam aos padrões mínimos exigidos para comercialização e consumo in natura deve ser realizada quando o fruto e o cálice se apresentam totalmente amarelos, no estágio S4. Esses achados apontam quais atributos podem ajudar a melhorar os métodos atuais de monitoramento do amadurecimento de physalis, em particular da espécie comercialmente importante P. peruviana. Termos para indexação: Solanaceae, qualidade da semente, maturidade fisiológica, frutos pequenos.
Maturation of Physalis peruviana L. seeds according to flowering and age of the fruit
REVISTA CIÊNCIA AGRONÔMICA
It is important to understand the seed maturation process to determine the time point at which the seeds achieve optimum quality and the ideal time for harvest. This study aimed to study the maturation of Physalis peruviana L. seeds, based on flowering time and age of the fruit. This study was conducted from March to October of 2016 and 2017, in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo. The plants were cultivated in four blocks using four stems, with spacing of 1.0 m between the plants and of 2.5 m between the rows. As experimental treatments, two flowering time points were defined: 55 and 105 days after transplanting (DAT); in each period, the flowers were marked at the anthesis and the respective fruits and seeds were evaluated at 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after anthesis (DAA). Characteristics during fruit development, such as age (days after anthesis) and changes in color, mass, and flavor, are parameters indicating the physiological maturity of fruits and seeds. The flowering time of the plant and the stage of fruit development influence the maturation of seeds, which present higher germination and vigor when obtained from fruits harvested at 75 DAA (55 DAT) and 60 DAA (105 DAT), after mass maturity.
Physalis peruviana Linnaeus, the multiple properties of a highly functional fruit: A review
Food Research International, 2011
The main objective of this work is to spread the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of the Physalis peruviana L. fruit and the relation of their physiologically active components with beneficial effects on human health, through scientifically proven information. It also describes their optical and mechanical properties and presents micrographs of the complex microstructure of P. peruviana L. fruit and studies on the antioxidant capacity of polyphenols present in this fruit.
Quality of peach fruits Jarillo cv. (Prunus persica L.) in Pamplona, Colombia
The aim of this study was to characterize the quality of peach fruits Jarillo cv., produced under the conditions of altitude tropical climate in three locations: Pamplona, Chitagá and Pamplonita, in Northern Santander, Colombia. Ten trees were sampled by the conditioned latin hypercube method and eight growing fruits with physiological state of maturity were selected. By means of a profile analysis, the hypotheses of parallelism, coincidence and horizontality of quality variables in the complete measurement interval were tested, and in some segments of the interval, some patterns from the graphic point of view were found. A radial diagram was made to study the development of fruit color at each thermal level. When the quotient between longitudinal diameter and equatorial diameter tends to 1 to the left, the highest weight values are reached, highlighting the lowest elevation level, with weights around 150 g. The profile analysis showed, regarding quality variables, that there was a significant interaction between evaluation time and altitude level. The results show that the prevailing climatic conditions affect the physicochemical characteristics of fruits during the growth process until maturation.
Advances in horticultural science, 2018
Introduction and selection of unconventional plants with high concentration of biologically active compounds is one of the worthy ways for producing functional food, which is beneficial to human health. Research was carried out in northern Europe (Russia) with the purpose to assess yield, quality and biologically active compounds concentration in Physalis angulata and Physalis pubescens fruits . P. angulata cultivars Konditer and Konditer 2 gave the highest yield (11.3 and 11.0 t·ha-1 respectively), due to the highest mean fruit weight (80 and 70 g respectively); P. pubescens variety Zolotaya rossip had the worst outcome due to the very small berries (3 g), in spite of their highest number per plant (165). ‘Zolotaya rossip’ fruits overall attained higher values of quality indicators compared to all P. angulata cultivars. Positive correlations were recorded between dry matter and polyphenols as well as between total sugars and polyphenols. Physalis fruits showed to be a good source o...
Folia Horticulturae, 2018
Research was carried out in northern Europe (Russia) with the purpose of assessing the yield, quality, biologically active compounds and elemental composition of Physalis angulata and Physalis pubescens fruits. P. angulata cultivars ‘Konditer’ and ‘Konditer 2’ gave the highest yield and mean fruit weight (11.2 t ha−1 and 75 g, on average), whereas P. pubescens variety Zolotaya Rossip had the worst outcome as it produced the smallest berries (3 g). ‘Zolotaya Rossip’ fruits attained the highest values of dry matter and soluble solids, while ‘Violet’ and ‘Korolek’ the highest polyphenol and ascorbic acid concentrations, respectively. Organic acid composition of Physalis fruits revealed high varietal differences and predominant accumulation of tartaric and malic acids. Positive correlations were recorded between dry matter and polyphenols, as well as between Fe and Mn, but an adverse correlation between Si and Cd content. Physalis fruits showed to be a good source of beneficial compound...
Internal Fruit Quality: How to Influence It, How to Define It
Acta Horticulturae, 2006
Fruit quality is influenced by cultural management in field, by the fruit picking time and by the storage strategy. The choice of the best techniques and strategies to enhance fruit quality is difficult, and even more complicate is the definition of the internal fruit quality changes occurring in pre-and post-harvest conditions. In fact, internal fruit quality is strictly related to the changes occurring during the ripening and maturation syndrome. Define them with accuracy would allow to verify the techniques adopted validity, to monitor the evolution of the ripening in field and in storage and finally to offer a uniform fruit quality to the consumers. Fruit internal quality is represented by the fruit texture, the sugars and organic acids content, the flavour, etc. Although a precise definition of the quality would require equipped laboratory and knowledgeable personnel, the standard techniques for assessing fruit quality are quite simple (refractometer and penetrometer for flesh soluble solids content and flesh firmness; titration for acidity, etc). These determinations are carried out on samples of a limited number of fruit, often not representative of all the fruit, but give the possibility to have real-time information. However, recently, the availability of non-destructive techniques to assess fruit quality, also offer real-time information, allow to determine quality traits on a high number or even on all the fruit, to repeat the analyses on the same samples monitoring their physiological evolution, to determine with the same measurement a number of information on several fruit quality parameters. Here are reported examples on how the internal fruit quality can be influenced (harvest time, 1-MCP applications, storage strategy) and the possibility offered by NIRs (near infrared spectroscopy) and electronic-nose non-destructive devices to monitor and define fruit quality changes of some fruit specie in pre-and post-harvest situations.
Enhancing fruit quality of three Physalis sp. throughout foliar nutrition
Plant Soil and Environment, 2022
Soil infertility is a predominant factor in minimising production in tropical regions (Fiaz et al. 2021). Madura Island, Indonesia, has a high daily temperature, evaporation, salinity and a wide marginal area with low fertility. These constraints impede plant growth and production, including fruit quality, such as appearance, texture, taste and nutritional value (Jamaly et al. 2021). In Indonesia, Physalis is commonly known as ciplukan. It is a wild plant that has been consumed as fresh fruit and traditional medicine (Iwansyah et al. 2020). Physalis originate from subtropical areas and have optimal growth at an altitude of 300-3 000 m a.s.l. and a temperature of 18-20 °C. Along with Solanaceae, such as Lycopersicum, Solanum and Capsicum, Physalis is a superfood with high economic value (Muniz et al. 2014). These plants are efficacious in overcoming hypertension, diabetes, bacterial infections, inflammation, liver disorders, impaired kidney function, cancer and immunity. Physalis peruviana, P. ixocarpa and P. alkekengi are edible fruits with high bioactive compounds, such
Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias - Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017
The Physalis genus includes species with nutraceutical uses and is typically identified by morphological characteristics. In Brazil and the world, the best-known species are P. angulata, P. peruviana and P. ixocarpa emerging more in the production of fruit used for various purposes. In this scenario, the physicochemical characteristics of mature fruits and seeds, are extremely important, especially for commercial purposes as well as the separation and identification of promising genotypes. Biometric analysis of ripe fruit, measuring the o Brix, seed analyses were performed and compared four potential species Physalis grown in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. Principal component analysis showed two of the ten analyzed characteristics that represent about 98% of the total variance observed between species, namely: °Brix and E15 (Emergency in 15 days after sowing). P. ixocarpa fruit stood out in relation to other species, reaching the highest average for the biometric data.