R Population level mental distress in rural Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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Population level mental distress in rural Ethiopia
As part of a situational analysis for a research programme on the integration of mental health care into primary care (Programme for Improving Mental Health Care-PRIME), we conducted a baseline study aimed at determining the broad indicators of the population level of psychosocial distress in a predominantly rural community in Ethiopia.
Contributors to suicidality in rural communities: beyond the effects of depression
BMC Psychiatry, 2012
Background: Rural populations experience a higher suicide rate than urban areas despite their comparable prevalence of depression. This suggests the identification of additional contributors is necessary to improve our understanding of suicide risk in rural regions. Investigating the independent contribution of depression, and the impact of co-existing psychiatric disorders, to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a rural community sample may provide clarification of the role of depression in rural suicidality.
Longitudinal course and predictors of suicidal ideation in a rural community sample
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2013
Objective: Suicide rates in rural Australia are higher than urban areas. No existing research has explored the long-term patterns and predictors of change in suicidal ideation within rural areas. This report uses longitudinal data and multiple time points to determine predictors of the trajectory of suicidal ideation in rural Australia.
Mood Symptoms, Suicide, and Associated Factors Among Jimma Community. A Cross-Sectional Study
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Background: The global burden of mental health problems is high and is predicted to rise. At present, mood symptoms are the foremost common psychological problems worldwide, yet little is known regarding their magnitude and associated factors in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of anxiety, depressive, manic symptoms, and suicidal behavior among the rural Jimma community, Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based quantitative cross-sectional survey was employed on 423 households selected through systematic random sampling. An adapted version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview tool was used for the structured face-to-face interview. The collected data were checked for completeness, coded, and inserted into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Variables with P < g0.05 and odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] on multivariate logistic regression analysis were considered ...
Depression, suicidal ideation, and associated factors: a cross-sectional study in rural Haiti
BMC psychiatry, 2012
Background: Since the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, there has been increased international attention to mental health needs throughout the country. The present study represents one of the first epidemiologic studies of depression symptomatology, suicidal ideation, and associated factors in Haiti's Central Plateau. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, zone-stratified household survey of 408 adults in Haiti's Central Plateau. Depression symptomatology was assessed with a culturally-adapted Kreyòl version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were built using backward elimination, with the outcomes being continuous BDI scores and endorsing suicidal ideation, respectively. Results: The mean BDI score was 20.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19.3-21.5), and 6.13% (N= 25) of participants endorsed current suicidal ideation. Factors associated with BDI scores were: continuous age (adjusted beta [aβ]: 0.14, CI: 0.06-0.22), female gender (aβ: 2.1, CI: 0.18-4.0), suicidal ideation (aβ: 11.1, CI: 7.3-14.9), death in family (aβ:2.7, CI: 0.57-4.9), and prior life-threatening illness (aβ: 2.6, CI: 0.77-4.5). Education was a risk factor for depression among women but not among men, and employment was a risk factor for both genders. Factors associated with endorsing suicidal ideation were: BDI score (ten point change) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.5, CI: 1.7-3.6), lack of care if sick (aOR: 5.5, CI: 1.1-28.6), alcohol use (aOR: 3.3, CI: 1.3-8.2), and ever having been to a Vodou priest (aOR: 3.2, CI: 1.1-9.5). Conclusions: A large proportion of Haiti’s Central Plateau may be experiencing high levels of depression symptomatology and/or current suicidal ideation. Screening could be conducted in biomedical, religious, and Vodou healing contexts. For prevention, poverty reduction and improved healthcare access are key elements. For treatment, general psychiatric services, psychosocial services for the medically ill and their families, and substance abuse interventions should be explored. Paradoxical associations related to education and employment require further exploration.
International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2017
Background: Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide. It contributes for more than one million deaths each year. Since previous suicidal attempt was considered as the best predictor of future suicide, identifying factors behind suicidal attempt are helpful to design suicide prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to assess sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profile and prevalence of existing mental illness among patients presenting with suicidal attempt to emergency services of general hospitals in South Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients presenting with complications of suicidal attempt to emergency departments of two general hospitals in Hawassa city from November, 2014 to August, 2015. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire which contained socio-demographic and clinical variables. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview version 5 (MINI PLUs) was used to assess the prevalence of existing mental illness among study participants. Data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 21 software package. Results: A total of 96 individuals were assessed, of whom 56 (58.3%) were females. The mean age of study participants was 21.5 (8.0) years. The majority, 75 (78.1%), of the study participants were aged below 25 years. Ingesting pesticide poisons and corrosive agent were used by the majority to attempt suicide. Mental illness was found in only three (3.1%) of the study participants. Impulsivity (the time between decision to attempt suicide and the actual attempt of less than 5 min) was reported by 30 (31.2%) of the study participants, of whom 18 (60%) were males. Males were found three times more likely to attempt suicide impulsively than women (COR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.2-7.3). Quarreling with family members, facing financial crisis, and having unplanned and unwanted pregnancy were reported by the majority of study participants as immediate reasons to attempt suicide. Conclusions: The presence of stressful life events and impulsivity behind suicidal behavior of the younger generation implies that designing suicide prevention strategies for this group is crucial. Moreover, further research is needed to systematically examine the relationship between the presence of mental illness and suicidal attempt with a larger sample size and more robust methodology.
Background: We sought to evaluate the prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behavior among urban dwelling Ethiopian adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 1097 outpatient adults (Z18 years of age) in a major hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected via structured interviews. MDD and suicidal behavior were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) among all study participants. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Prevalence estimates for lifetime and 12-month MDD were 18.0% and 6.7%, respectively. The prevalence of suicidal behavior during the previous year (i.e., suicidal ideation, plan or attempt) was 15.2% with approximately 4% having reported attempts. Overall, women were more likely to report suicidal behavior (17.8%) than men (11.3%). MDD odds were 1.53-fold higher among women as compared with men (aOR ¼1.53, 95% CI 1.05–2.23). Lifetime MDD was significantly associated with age, sex, marital status, and self-reported physical health. Participants reporting poor mental health had approximately 3-fold increased odds of MDD (OR ¼2.93; 95%CI: 1.05–2.23); those between 35 and 44 years old (aOR ¼1.92; 95%CI: 1.06–3.49) and those older than 55 years (aOR¼ 2.54; 95%CI: 1.16–5.57) had higher odds of MDD. Similarly suicidal behavior was significantly associated with sex, marital status, and self-reported physical and mental health. Limitations: This cross-sectional study utilized self-reported data from outpatients. Causality cannot be inferred, and results may not be fully generalizable. Conclusions: Overall results show that MDD and suicidal behavior are highly prevalent among urban-dwelling Ethiopian adults. Women and middle-age adults constitute a high-risk group and may therefore benefit from targeted interventions.
Epidemiology, 2006
International studies have documented the association between poverty, low education levels and poor mental health, including suicide attempts. Many farm worker communities in the Western Cape, South Africa, are exposed to poor living and working conditions throughout their lives. They also tend to suffer from chronic illness such as tuberculosis as well as widespread alcohol abuse. Many farm workers are also exposed to pesticides, which have been associated with affective disorders. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews this qualitative study explored the life experiences of five suicide survivors and their carers to examine the factors that, according to them, predisposed them to and precipitated the suicide attempt. The impact of the suicide attempt on the family was also explored as well as shortcomings in terms of psychological support networks in the community. Contextual factors identified by the study participants that affected them included abject poverty as a result of unemployment and low education levels, childhood within dysfunctional family environments, early alcohol use and current alcohol dependence, previous and current interpersonal conflict and violence, a sense of hopelessness and the absence of coping mechanisms. Easy access to pesticides as a means for self-harm was also a common factor. Further research on the determinants of suicide attempts in this community is needed, as well as on effective and affordable interventions in remote and vulnerable communities such as these. Addressing structural problems would deal with the underlying reasons for suicidal feelings. In the meantime, shorter-term multisectoral interventions are needed by stakeholders such as government, civil society and faith-based organizations. These could include effective legislation and policies that regulate working and living conditions of farm workers, appropriate mental health care interventions, educational workshops, and nutrition schemes that address the unique needs of rural farming communities.
Annals of General Psychiatry, 2020
Background Globally, more than 450 million people suffer from a mental or behavioral disorder. Psychiatric disorder and its duration, physical illness, family history of mental illness, previous suicidal attempt, unemployment, poor social support, and psychotic symptoms are of the main reasons enabling patients to be suicidal ideates. The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of suicidal ideation among patients with mental disorders in Mekelle, Ethiopia. Methods Case–control study design was employed with a total of 221 study subjects (74 cases and 147 controls) in Mekelle, Ethiopia. Suicidal ideation was measured by the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scale. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine between the independent and dependent variables. Results This study revealed that family suicide history (AOR = 6.87, 95% CI [1.138–41.531, P = 0.036), previous attempts history (AOR = 27.457, 95% CI 10.417–72.368, P ...