Biophotonic Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy at Different Wavelengths for Potential Wound Healing (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024
Chronic wounds pose significant challenges in healthcare due to impaired healing mechanisms. Fibroblast cells play a crucial role in wound healing by orchestrating proliferation and migration. This study aimed to assess fibroblast cells derived from chronic wounds and explore the impact of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on their growth and migration. Dermal samples from chronic pressure ulcers and diabetic ulcers were obtained from 20 patients at three sites. Fibroblasts from wound base, margins, and adjacent healing skin were isolated and characterized. Proliferation and migration capabilities of these cells were evaluated. LLLT was applied at various energy levels (2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, and 5 J/cm 2) to assess its effect on cell count. Fibroblasts from chronic wounds exhibited slower proliferation and migration rates compared to normal dermal fibroblasts. Notably, LLLT intervention at different energy levels led to a significant increase in cell count, with the most pronounced effect observed at 3 J/cm 2. LLLT at an energy level of 3 J/cm 2 demonstrated a notable enhancement in fibroblast migration. These findings underscore the potential of LLLT as a therapeutic approach for chronic wounds, offering insights into its efficacy in augmenting fibroblast functions crucial for wound healing.
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2007
Objective: This study aimed to establish if broad-spectrum or infrared (IR) light in combination with laser therapy can assist phototherapy and accelerate cell proliferation to improve the rate of wound healing. Background Data: The effect of laser light may be partly or completely reduced by broad-spectrum light. There are few studies that investigate the benefit or detriment of combining laser irradiation with broad-spectrum or IR light. Methods: Wounded human skin fibroblasts were irradiated with a dose of 5 J/cm 2 using a heliumneon laser, a diode laser, or a Nd:YAG laser in the dark, in the light, or in IR. Changes in cell proliferation were evaluated using optical density at 540 nm, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity, cytokine expression, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression. Results: The optical density and ALP enzyme activity indicate that 5 J/cm 2 using 1064 nm in the light is more effective in increasing cell proliferation or cell growth than 830 nm in the light, but not as effective as 632.8 nm in the light. bFGF expression shows that the response of wounded cells exposed to 5 J/cm 2 in IR light is far less than the biological response of wounded cells exposed to 5 J/cm 2 in the dark or light. The results indicate that wounded cells exposed to 5 J/cm 2 using 632.8 nm in the dark results in a greater increase in IL-6 when compared to cells exposed to 5 J/cm 2 in the light or in IR. Conclusion: Results indicate that 5 J/cm 2 (using 632.8 nm in the dark or 830 nm in the light) is the most effective dose to stimulate cell proliferation, which may ultimately accelerate or improve the rate of wound healing.
Lasers in Medical Science, 2013
The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of four different laser wavelengths (660, 810, 980, and 1,064 nm) used for low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of mucositis in an animal model of wound healing by investigating the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and blood-derived fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Thirty-five male Wistar albino rats with a weight of 250-300 g body mass and 5 months old were used in the study. All animals were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the first day and 65 mg/kg of 5-FU on the third day. The tip of an 18-gauge needle was used in order to develop a superficial scratching on the left cheek pouch mucosa by dragging twice in a linear movement on third and fifth days. After ulcerative mucositis were clinically detected on the animals' left cheek pouch mucosa, the laser therapy was started. Four different laser wavelengths (660 nm, HELBO, Bredent; 810 nm, Fotona XD, Fotona; 980 nm, ARC Fox; and 1,064 nm, Fidelis Plus 3, Fotona) used for LLLT at ED 8 J/cm 2 daily from the first to the fourth days. Oval excisional biopsy was taken from the site of the wound, and the expression of PDGF, TGF-β, and bFGF was evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed by one2-way ANOVA, and then Tukey HSD tests were used for pairwise comparisons among groups (α=0.05). The one-way ANOVA test indicated that expression values of the growth factors, PDGF and bFGF, were significantly affected by irradiation of different wavelengths of lasers (p<0.001). However, expression value of the TGF-β was not affected by irradiation of different wavelengths of lasers (p>0.05). The highest PDGF expression was detected in neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser group (p<0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences among the other groups (p>0.05). The highest bFGF expression was detected in 980-nm diode and Nd:YAG laser groups (p<0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences among the other groups (p>0.05). These findings suggest that low-level Nd:YAG and 980-nm diode laser therapy accelerate the wound healing process by changing the expression of PDGF and bFGF genes responsible for the stimulation of the cell proliferation and fibroblast growth.
Laboratory methods for evaluating the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in wound healing
African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2006
The basic tenet of laser therapy is that laser radiation has a wavelength dependent capability to alter cellular behaviour in the absence of significant heating. Low intensity radiation can inhibit as well as stimulate cellular activity. Laser therapy typically involves the delivery of 1-4J/cm 2 to treatments sites with lasers having output powers between 10mW and 90mW. There are two major areas of laser therapy research: the laboratory and the clinic. The laboratory presents the least ambiguous results. Here, although unsupported results do appear, the vast majority of published work finds clear evidence that laser irradiation alters cellular processes in a nonthermal, wavelength-dependent manner. Low energy laser irradiation alters t he cellular function by effecting protein synthesis, cell growth and differentiation, cell motility, membrane potential and binding affinities, neurotransmitter release, ATP synthesis and prostaglandin synthesis. Laboratory findings provide scientific rati onale of laser therapy and the effect of laser therapy on cellular processes. This review outlines some of the current methods employed in the laboratory to measure the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on cellular and molecular processes in the cell. This review briefly explains the different structural, cellular and molecular parameters and highlights some of the basic principles and protocols including specialized equipment requirements.
Lasers in Medical Science, 2015
The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of four different laser wavelengths (660, 810, 980, and 1,064 nm) used for low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of mucositis in an animal model of wound healing by investigating the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and blood-derived fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Thirty-five male Wistar albino rats with a weight of 250-300 g body mass and 5 months old were used in the study. All animals were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the first day and 65 mg/kg of 5-FU on the third day. The tip of an 18-gauge needle was used in order to develop a superficial scratching on the left cheek pouch mucosa by dragging twice in a linear movement on third and fifth days. After ulcerative mucositis were clinically detected on the animals' left cheek pouch mucosa, the laser therapy was started. Four different laser wavelengths (660 nm, HELBO, Bredent; 810 nm, Fotona XD, Fotona; 980 nm, ARC Fox; and 1,064 nm, Fidelis Plus 3, Fotona) used for LLLT at ED 8 J/cm 2 daily from the first to the fourth days. Oval excisional biopsy was taken from the site of the wound, and the expression of PDGF, TGF-β, and bFGF was evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed by one2-way ANOVA, and then Tukey HSD tests were used for pairwise comparisons among groups (α=0.05). The one-way ANOVA test indicated that expression values of the growth factors, PDGF and bFGF, were significantly affected by irradiation of different wavelengths of lasers (p<0.001). However, expression value of the TGF-β was not affected by irradiation of different wavelengths of lasers (p>0.05). The highest PDGF expression was detected in neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser group (p<0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences among the other groups (p>0.05). The highest bFGF expression was detected in 980-nm diode and Nd:YAG laser groups (p<0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences among the other groups (p>0.05). These findings suggest that low-level Nd:YAG and 980-nm diode laser therapy accelerate the wound healing process by changing the expression of PDGF and bFGF genes responsible for the stimulation of the cell proliferation and fibroblast growth.
Laser Photons and Pharmacological Treatments in Wound Healing
The exploitation of photobiology in medicine has been of great interest to mankind. There is a growing interest in the use of lasers for treatment purposes because of the photochemical alterations induced in biomolecules by light energy. In this paper we present our data on laser biostimulation, the combination of pharmacological treatments Solcoseryl TM (SS) and Polygen TM (PG) with light therapy using in-vitro and in-vivo models. In-vitro experiments indicate the ability of laser photons and pharmacological agents SS or PG to augment or abate the cloning efficiency of various cell lines. In-vivo studies focused on the dosimetry of various laser wavelengths and the use of wound healing drugs and 632.8nm laser in wound healing. The application of pharmacological treatments combined with laser therapy reveals the utility of light-drug treatment combinations. Given the ever-increasing cost of medical care, the burden incurred on patients, caregivers and society, this line of research fulfills the increasing need to develop treatment methods that enhance wound healing, especially in situations involving resistance to healing.
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2005
Objective: This study aimed to describe, through morphologic and cytochemical analysis, the healing process of wounds submitted (or not) to laser therapy (λ685 nm) or polarized light (λ400-2000 nm). Background Data: There are many reports on different effects of several types of phototherapies on the treatment of distinct conditions, amongst them, on wound healing. Laser therapy and the use of polarized light are still controversial despite successive reports on their positive effects on several biological processes. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats, approximately 4 months old, were used, and standardized excisional wounds were created on their dorsum. The wounds were irradiated in four equidistant points with laser light or illuminated with polarized light, both with doses of 20 or 40 J/cm2. Group 1 acted as untreated controls. Animals were irradiated every 48 h during 7 days, starting immediately after surgery, and were humanely killed on the 8th post-operative day. Specimens were taken and routinely processed and stained with H&E, and for descriptive analysis of myofibroblasts and collagen fibers, the specimens were imunnomarked by smooth muscle α-actin and picrosirius stain. Results: Control specimens showed the presence of ulceration, hyperemia, discrete edema, intense, and diffuse inflammation, collagen deposition was irregular, and myofibroblasts were seen parallel to the wound margins. Wounds treated by laser therapy with a dose of 20 J/cm2 showed mild hyperemia, inflammation varied from moderate to intense, the number of fibroblasts was large, and the distribution of collagen fibers was more regular. Increasing the dose to 40 J/cm2 evidenced exuberant neovascularization, severe hyperemia, moderate to severe inflammation, large collagen deposition, and fewer myofibroblasts. On subjects illuminated with polarized light with a dose of 20 J/cm2, mild to moderate hyperemia was detectable, and collagen matrix was expressive and unevenly distributed; a larger number of myofibroblasts was present and no re-epithelialization was seen. Increasing the dose resulted in mild to moderate hyperemia, no reepithelialization was seen, edema was discrete, and inflammation was moderate. Conclusion: The use of 685-nm laser light or polarized light with a dose of 20 J/cm2 resulted in increased collagen deposition and better organization on healing wounds, and the number of myofibroblast was increased when polarized light is used.
Influence of three laser wavelengths on human fibroblasts cell culture
Lasers in Medical Science, 2012
Although experimental studies in vitro and vivo have been numerous, the effect of laser wavelength irradiation on human fibroblast cell culture is poorly understood. This emphasizes the need of additional cellular and molecular research into laser influence with low energy and power. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of three different laser wavelengths on the human skin fibroblasts cell culture. We wanted to evaluate if near infrared lasers had any influence in healing of wounds by stimulating mitochondrial activity of fibroblasts. The cells were irradiated using 830-, 980-and 2,940-nm laser wavelengths. The irradiated cells were incubated and their mitochondrial activity was assessed by the MTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 h. Simultaneously, an apoptosis assay was assessed on the irradiated fibroblasts. It can be concluded that laser light of the near-infrared region (830 and 980 nm) influences fibroblasts mitochondrial activity compared to the 2,940-nm wavelength which produces apoptosis.