Evaluating the Prevalence of Five Genetic Traits of Simple Inheritance in Association with the Distribution Pattern of ABO and Rhesus Phenotypes among Families in Calabar, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Gene Frequencies of ABO and Rh (D) Blood Group Alleles in Minna, North - Central Nigeria
Due to its genetic and medical importance, information on distribution and prevalence of ABO and Rhesus blood type is germane in a society. There is dearth of information in Minna North-central Nigeria, it was thus imperative to study its prevalence and allelic frequencies of ABO and Rhesus blood types in the state. This investigation examined the prevalence and gene frequencies for the ABO and Rh (D) alleles in Minna North-central Nigeria, from January 2008 to December 2012 (5 years). Retrospective data for 13937 individuals were extracted over this period for prevalence of ABO and Rh blood groups. This was employed to evaluate the genotypic and allelic frequencies based on Hardy–Weinberg (H-W) equations. Chi-square goodness-of-fit test was also calculated to compare observed and expected frequencies. This study recorded prevalence rate of 44.457%, 25.544%, 19.294%, and 10.705% for O, A, B and AB blood group respectively while 96.721% and 3.279% were Rhesus D positive and negative respectively. Allelic frequencies of the ABO blood groups include O (0.667), A (0.170), B (0.163), and D (0.818) and d (0.182) for Rhesus D positive and Rhesus d negative respectively. On the other hand genotypic frequencies reported were 0.445, 0.029, 0.227, 0.027, 0.217 and 0.055 for OO, AA, AO, BB, BO and AB respectively. All frequencies reported in this study differ significantly from H-W equilibrium (goodness-of-fit X 2 for ABO =819.58, df=3, P≤0.05 and goodness-of-fit X 2 for Rh= 0.091, df =1, P≤0.05). This pioneering study on ABO and Rhesus blood types in Minna strengthens and corroborates the fact that there is genetic variation in ABO and Rhesus blood types. In future results from this study can act as baseline information for geneticist, clinicians and allied professional on the distribution of these germane blood types in Minna.
Gene frequencies of ABO and Rh blood groups in Nigeria: A review
Background: ABO and Rhesus factor (Rh) blood type are germane in human life in genetics and clinical studies. Aim of the study: The review was undertaken with the objective to provide data on the ABO and Rh(D) blood group distribution and gene frequency across Nigeria which is vital for blood transfusion and susceptibility to disease. Materials and methods: Literature search for ABO/Rh blood distribution in Nigeria was done and allele frequencies of A, B, O, D and d were calculated from the frequency recorded from six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. We reported frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood type from 318,940 and 280,514 individuals respectively. Prevalence were reported as percentage and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested using Chi square test and p was set at 0.05 unless otherwise stated. Results: We reported ABO blood group frequencies in the order O > A > B > AB (52.93%, 22.77%, 20.64% and 3.66%) while prevalence of Rh+ was 94.90% from total population studied. Our reported frequencies did not differ from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (goodness-of-fit X 2 for ABO = 1.74 df = 3, p < 0.05). Allelic frequencies for A(p), B(q) and O(r) are 0.143, 0.130 and 0.728 respectively. Conclusion: The study provides information on the distribution/frequency of ABO/Rh(D) blood group and their corresponding allelic proportion in a large Nigeria study. It also revealed how the Nigerian populations in the North, South, West and East vary with respect to genetic traits. This vital information will be important for population genetics and anthropology studies and may be helpful in planning for future health strategy and blueprint, particularly planning with regards to disease management and blood transfusion medicine.
Gene frequencies of ABO and Rh(D) blood group alleles in Lagos, South-West Nigeria
Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 2012
Background: It has been well documented that the ABO and Rhesus remain clinically the most significant blood group systems. There is limited information on the gene frequency of the ABO and Rhesus blood groups from Lagos, SouthWest Nigeria. Data from this study will be of immense use to the geneticists, biologists, blood transfusion services policy maker and clinicians. Aim of this study: This study aims to provide descriptive information on the genetic composition and variation of population in Lagos State, Nigeria, with respect to blood group and Rhesus factor contributing to the existing knowledge. Subjects and methods: This study investigated the gene frequencies for the ABO and Rh(D) alleles in a population consisting of different ages in Lagos, Nigeria, over a period spanning 12 years (1998-2009). The 23,832 and 23,764 individuals were typed for ABO and Rh blood groups, respectively. We analyzed the genotypic and allelic frequencies based on Hardy-Weinberg equations. Chi-square goodness-of-fit statistic was calculated to compare observed and expected frequencies and to investigate heterogeneity between years.
Gene Frequency of ABO Blood Group and Rhesus factor (D) in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Nuhu Bamalli polytechnic Zaria, 5th National Conference, 2022
ABO and Rhesus antigens can be used in population genetics to study migration pattern, inheritance of traits, paternity, crime detection susceptibility to diseases compatibility between donors and recipients in blood transfusions and organ transplantation. The study was undertaken to assess the distribution of the ABO blood groups and Rhesus factor in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria. Record of Blood group types of five hundred (500) people were collected from five different hospitals in Kaduna metropolis over a period of five years. A Chi-square test was carried out to test whether the population was in Hardy-Weingberg equilibrium. The O blood group occurred with the highest frequency (46%), while the AB blood group had the lowest occurrence of (10%). Blood group B was more predominant (25%) than A blood group (19%). Rhesus (D) was found to be Rh (D) + (67%) while Rh (D)-(33%). Gene frequencies for A, B, O, allleles were found to be 0.2565, 0.1356 and 0.67366 respectively. The ABO blood group system was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with goodness of fit (X 2) P value of 0.021 which shows evidence of association between the phenotype ABO and Rhesus factor (D) which will be useful in effective management of blood and safe blood transfusion services, evolutionary study, population genetic structure and can provide preliminary data for managing an individual's health as well as infer the most prevalent diseases associated with blood group and rhesus factor in a population of Kaduna metropolis.
The prevalence of ABO and Rhesus blood groups varies from race to race. The study was designed to determine the distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group among residents of Gusau, Zamfara State in North Western, Nigeria. ABO and Rhesus phenotyping was carried out using standard tube techniques using Biorad Seraclone anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB and anti-D reagents (Bio Rad Medical Diagnostics, Germany). Of the 500 subjects screened, 227(55.4%) were of blood group O, 119(23.8%) were blood group B, 88(17.6%) group A and 16(3.2%) group AB. Of the 500 subjects tested, 494 (98.8%) were Rh D positive while 6(1.2%) were Rh D negative. The distribution of ABO blood groups were compared based on gender. Prevalence of ABO blood group was significantly higher among male donors (12.6%, 12.8, 2.0 and 45.4) compared to (5.2%, 11.8, 1.2 and 10.0%) for female donors respectively for ABO blood group A, B, AB and O. Similarly Rhesus blood group distribution was compared based on gender. Men had a hi...
Global Journal of Medical Sciences, 2004
The distribution and gene frequencies of ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood groups and haemoglobin variants for samples of the Nigerian population at Ogbomoso was determined. Data consisting of records of blood groups and haemoglobin types of different ages ranging from infants to adults for a period of 4 to 6 years (1995 -2000) was collected from Baptist Medical Centre (BMC), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Health Centre (LAUTHC) and Oyo State General Hospital (OSGH), all in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Overall, a total number of 7653, 7053 and 14,845 individuals were typed for ABO and Rh blood groups, and haemoglobin genotypes, respectively. 3824 (50%) were blood group O, 1750 (22.9%) were blood group A, 1629 (21.3%) were blood group B and 450 (5.9%) were blood group AB. This distribution differs significantly (P<0.05) from those expected under the Hardy Weinberg law. The proportion of the individuals belonging to the various ABO blood groups also varied significantly (P<0.05) over the period of the study. Overall gene frequencies for the A, B and O alleles were 0.15, 0.15 and 0.70, respectively. For the Rh blood group 6823 (96.7%) were Rh-positive (DD and Dd) while 230 (3.3%) were Rh -negative (dd). The distribution and proportion of individuals belonging to each group did not differ significantly from those expected under the Hardy Weinberg law (P>0.05). The gene frequencies of D and d alleles were 0.82 and 0.18, respectively. Six haemoglobin genotypes were recorded in the order of AA (68.1%) > AS (21.0%) > AC (5.7%) >SS (3.0%) >SC (2.0%) >CC (0.3%). The gene frequencies were 0.81, 0.14 and 0.04 for A, S and C alleles, respectively. Our results are representative of the distribution of these genetic variants in Nigeria.
Journal of Al Fashir University for Applied Sciences, , 2017
The current study evaluated the distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) D blood groups among the student population of Al Fashir University, North Darfur State. The blood group phenotypes were detected by the classic slide method. The objective of this study was to determine the major ABO phenotypes' and alleles’ frequency among a Sudanese student population residing in Darfur region. The results showed that the highest blood group was O with 160(41%) followed by A blood group having 125(32.1%), B blood group 82(21%) and the lowest was AB blood group 23(5.9%). The ABO blood group system in the total sample showed the trend of prevalence (O≥ A> B > AB). However, the allelic frequencies were in the order of O > A > B. The Rh-positive and negative distribution trend was also similar. People having rhesus negative blood are few in this study. These categories should be advised to lead a very cautious life as their type of blood is very difficult to obtain.
The Internet journal of biological anthropology, 2009
Variations exist in the pattern by which blood types (ABO and Rh) and genotypes (AA, AS and SS) are inherited. Similar variations exist in the expression of genetic traits like dimples and widows peak. In this study however, we are concerned with the growing sense in genetic epidemiology that many findings are failing to replicate as many of the claimed associations are false positive and these false positives are seen because of the inability to study many genetic variants in relation to many disease outcomes, without knowing the precise bio-cultural background of the groups being studied. Thus, we present a preliminary attempt to determine the combination patterns between some morphogenetic traits expressed by 193 residents of Ekpoma, Nigeria. Focus is on dimples, widows peak, blood groups and genotypes. The results showed that the distribution of blood groups and genotypes are in line with previous finding while the results on morphogenetic trait combinations strikingly suggests that certain combinations might be rare or non-existent. We believe that this and similar findings may one day play a role in 'predictive human screening'.
FREQUENCIES OF RHESUS BLOOD GROUP SUBTYPES, AND PROBABLE GENOTYPES IN SUDANESE POPULATION
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research , 2022
Background. This is a community-based, prospective, and analytical study aimed to determine the frequencies of Rhesus blood group (Rh) alleles, haplotypes, and probable genotypes, and establishing baseline data. Materials and Methods. Following informed consent, a total of 1,000 venous blood samples from unrelated individuals were collected. Particle gel immunological diffusion and slide agglutination procedures were used to screen red blood cells for common Rhesus antigens. The frequencies of genes/alleles and haplotypes, as well as the most likely genotypes, were determined. Jaccard's coefficient of similarities was used to calculate similarities between different Sudanese populations. The same coefficient was used to figure out the least common was CdE / dE c (frequency= 0.1%). Conclusion-The antigen e was found to be the most frequent in major Sudanese populations, when the frequency of E antigen was the least once. the frequency of c antigen among this study populations exhibited high frequency (99).
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences
Background: The ABO blood group and Rhesus (Rh) factor remain the most important blood group in transfusion medicine. Knowledge of ABO and rhesus blood group distribution within a population is indispensable for transfusion medicine, clinical and marriage counselling. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to provide data and compare the pattern of ABO and rhesus blood group distribution between a homogenous and a heterogenous population. Material and Methods: Blood was collected from 352 University students representing a heterogenous population and 235 primary school pupils in a local community representing homogenous population. The ABO and rhesus blood groups were determined using white tile and agglutination methods. Results: Among the 352 and 235 individuals studied in UNN and HFNP, blood groups O had the highest frequency with 54.80% and 51.06% respectively while blood group AB had the least frequency of 4.50% and 3.40% in UNN and HFNP respectively. Rhesus pos...