Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Giant African Land Snails Using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) Markers (original) (raw)
Related papers
Nigerian Journal of Animal Production
A number of studies have been carried out on the reproductive and growth performance of these breeds of giant African land snails, but not much is documented on chromosome, evolutionary relationships and divergence studies. Forty snails and 10 of each breed of giant African land snails Archachatina marginata (AM), Achatina achatina (AA) and Achatina fulica (AF) and two varieties of A. marginata [A. marginata var. saturalis (AMS) and A. marginata var. ovum (AMO)] were used for the chromosomes numbers analyses. Slides for chromosome identification were prepared using the ovotestes and the cells were examined for spread atmetaphase. The haploid (n) chromosome numbers obtained revealed and confirmed that AF, AA, AMS and AMO snails have 27, 30, 28 and 28 chromosomes respectively. Also 13 amino acid sequences were retrieved from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information with accession numbers: ALD09273, AAY62497, ACA 10148 and AKQ 76237 for AM; AKQ 76253, AKQ 76250, CDL 67813, CDL...
Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
This noble research provides information on the genetic differentiation between black-skinned and white-skinned ectotypes of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata). Ten (10) snails consisting of five (5) black-skinned and five (5) white-skinned ectotypes were examined by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Five (5) primers (OPAD-09, OPAE-04, OPAE-05, OPAF-07 and OPAF-09) were screened and selected to amplify DNA from the ten (10) samples of snails. A total of 31 bands were generated from the two snail types, out of which 14 bands were generated from the black-skinned ectotype, while 17 bands were from the whiteskinned ectotype. The DNA banding between the two ectotypes showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05) between the black-skinned and the white-skinned ectotypes of Archachatina marginata. There were however, relative high genetic differences in numerical number of bands between the two ectotypes. This implied that the genetic similarities are relatively low. The high genetic differences between the two ectotypes of Archachatina marginata snails studied signaled high level of genetic diversity and heterogeneity among the giant African land snails (GALS).
GLOBAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2016
This noble research provides information on the genetic differentiation between black-skinned and white-skinned ectotypes of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata). Ten (10) snails consisting of five (5) black-skinned and five (5) white-skinned ectotypes were examined by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Five (5) primers (OPAD-09, OPAE-04, OPAE-05, OPAF-07 and OPAF-09) were screened and selected to amplify DNA from the ten (10) samples of snails. A total of 31 bands were generated from the two snail types, out of which 14 bands were generated from the black-skinned ectotype, while 17 bands were from the whiteskinned ectotype. The DNA banding between the two ectotypes showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05) between the black-skinned and the white-skinned ectotypes of Archachatina marginata. There were however, relative high genetic differences in numerical number of bands between the two ectotypes. This implied that the genetic similarities are relatively low. The high genetic differences between the two ectotypes of Archachatina marginata snails studied signaled high level of genetic diversity and heterogeneity among the giant African land snails (GALS).
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2015
Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)-PCR technique was used to assess genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships between Lymnaea natalensis collected from Giza, Ismailia, Damietta, and Beheira governorates in Egypt and compared with lab-bred snail in addition to characterization of watercourses from these sites. Five ISSR primers generated 47 amplified bands, of which 63.63% showed high polymorphism. All tested primers detected the common band (approximately 455 bp) in all L. natalensis studied. Three bands (318, 782 and 2013 bp for primers HB8, HB12 and HB13, respectively) are characteristic for L. natalensis collected from Ismailia, El Behira and Damietta governorates, respectively. These markers were used to estimate genetic similarity among the varieties using Jaccard's similarity coefficient. The similarity matrix was used to construct a dendrogram. The most abundant snails Physa acuta (56.0%) and the lowest abundant snails Planorbis planorbis, and Melanoides tuberculata (0.5) were found associated with L. natalensis in many governorates. Eichhornia crassipes is the only aquatic plant which grows and is found associated with L. natalensis in all canals of governorates. Also, dragon fly is the only macroinvertebrate collected from all canals, then shrimps and true bugs. Heavy metals were detected in water samples of all tested governorates with different significant differences. In conclusion, the present study used for the first time the ISSR PCR technique for studying genetic variations of L. natalensis snails in Egypt. L. natalensis snails can survive when associated with other snails, plants, and insects and can tolerate the heavy metals in water.
Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2022
Native to East Africa, the giant African snail Lissachatina [=Achatina] fulica (Bowdich, 1822) is a tropical crop pest and one of the world's top 100 invasive species. It is now present in at least 52 countries worldwide, with an actively expanding range. Lissachatina fulica was first introduced to India in 1847, but subsequent arrivals in India and local patterns of spread remain unclear. This study uses the 16S rRNA gene to identify the extent of genetic variation in India by sampling Indian populations and comparing them with published sequence data. A total of 307 snails were collected from 178 localities in India and from a single locality in the UAE, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Eight haplotypes were identified from India of which four are newly recognized. The new haplotypes identified in this study have increased the number of L. fulica 16S rRNA haplotypes from 19 to 23. Examination of haplotype and nucleotide diversities revealed that genetic variation is low in India, the UAE and across Asia as a whole. The number of haplotypes was higher in India when compared to other invasive regions but all of the Asian haplotypes appear to be closely related to the most common haplotypes in the Indian Ocean Islands. Heavy trade between the snail-infested and native-range countries suggests that the variation observed in India might be traced back to its native range, but the lack of sampling and paucity of sequences from East Africa currently prevents a comparison. Tracing back the emergent haplotypes by additional sampling could throw more light on the spread of L. fulica.
Objective. To evaluate the intrapopulation genetic variation of A. fulica in the Valle del Cauca. Materials and methods. Ten microsatellite loci from specimens collected at eight municipalities in the Valle del Cauca Department were amplified. Allelic frequencies and descriptors of intrapopulation genetic diversity were estimated. Bayesian analysis was used to estimate the number of groups present in the study area. Results. Two groups were identified in the Valle del Cauca (p > 50%): one group comprised individuals from the north and center of the department, and one group comprised individuals from the south and west of the department. These groups were genetically different from each other (F ST 0.16; p<0.05). Isolation by distance was confirmed (Mantel p 0.01; R 2 0.06), and a high level of endogamy was detected through a deficit of heterozygotes in the evaluated loci (F IS 0.45). Conclusions. We suggest that the A. fulica population present in the Valle del Cauca could have been introduced at more than one location, or that there could have been more than one wave of invasion. The high level of endogamy is probably the result of control activities that eliminated adult individuals in the population, which has led to an enhanced founder effect.
Annals of West University of Timisoara: Series of Biology, 2015
Partial sequences of mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase sub unit 1 (CO1) and ribosomal RNA 18S nuclear encoding gene of 43 individuals belonging to two genera in order Stylommatophora and the family Achatinidae (Archachatina and Achatina) were obtained to investigate molecular phylogeny in the family. The CO1 was found to be highly variable while the 18S was found to be highly conserved yielding invariable sequences. Several primers were also tested both for the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes but CO1 produced the best results giving single and clear bands. Four main genetic phylogroups/clades were identified within the Bayesian tree constructed and all the four clades were supported by bootstrap values of 100% and also were supported by bootstrap values above 79% in the NJ. Two unidentified species used in the analysis were found in the basal clade which may mean that they were of ancient origin. This study provides preliminary and novel insights on the molecular phylogeny of ...
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2013
The protein profile of five species of achatinid snails (Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821), Achatina achatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822), Archachatina papyracea (Pfeiffer, 1845) and an unidentified snail species) from some parts of southern and north-central states of Nigeria was used to examine the level of genetic similarity between them and also to show whether the eight populations of Archachatina marginata studied contained sub-populations. Each of the species examined was found to have unique protein bands while the protein banding patterns of the eight populations of A. marginata showed six of the populations being taxonomically distinct because they had unique protein bands. The cluster analysis of the A. marginata samples produced two sub-species which showed geographical separation of the species. This may depict a relationship between total protein and ecological adaptation. However, there was better resolution of the protein band patterns using relative mobility of bands. The presence of common bands among the species and the eight populations of A. marginata may depict an evidence of evolutionary origin of the species studied.
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2016
Limicolaria aurora belongs to the group of land snails commonly called garden snails. This study seeks to use shell morphology and random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) to examine gross morphological differences in populations of L. aurora from New Bussa (guinea savannah) and Benin City (tropical rain forest) in Nigeria and possibly delimit the populations into sub species. A total of one hundred and ten specimens of L. aurora made up of fifty five individuals from each of the two ecological zones were collected randomly for the study. Data on shell parameters including: height of shell (SH), width of shell (SW), aperture height (AH), aperture width (AW), spire length (SL), and first whorl length (1WL) measured on each snail were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variates analysis (CVA) were performed on the data using PAST statistical software. DNA which was extracted from the muscular...
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2001
Eleven microsatellites were isolated in the freshwater snail Bulinus forskalii, intermediate host for the medically important trematode Schistosoma intercalatum. Characterization in 60 snails from three populations of B. forskalii from Cameroon revealed 4 to 18 alleles per locus. Low observed heterozygosity but higher expected heterozygosity, high FIS estimates, significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and genotypic linkage disequilibria all indicate that B. forskalii is a preferential selfer. High FST estimates suggest that effective dispersal is limited and genetic drift is an important determinant of genetic structure. The potential utility of the microsatellite primers in other closely related Bulinus species was explored.