Phenotypic characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from intensive care units at a tertiary-care hospital in Egypt (original) (raw)
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2016
Acinetobacter baumannii is emerging as an important pathogen causing hospital acquired infections. It has been reported as the cause of serious infectious diseases involving mostly patients with impaired host defences, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Emergence of metallo –βlactamases (MBL) producing multidrug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii is a matter of concern in an intensive care unit (ICU). The present study was directed to find out the incidence, antibiotic susceptibility and metallo β lactamases production of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from various clinical samples, in an intensive care unit. Material and Methods in this study Isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii from various clinical samples was done over a period of 1 year. The isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity as per conventional methods. Imipenem resistant isolates were further tested for MBL production by double disk synergy test and MBL E test. In Results the Total number of Acinetobacter bau...
Infection and Drug Resistance, 2020
IntroductionAcinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial pathogen worldwide and is responsible for various healthcare-associated infections. The MDR strains have been reported increasingly during the last decades in hospitalized patients. They have developed resistance to most of the available antibiotics and are known to produce various acquired β-lactamases. The β-lactamase producing strains have a potential for rapid dissemination in hospital settings, as it is often plasmid-mediated. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (ISDA) stated A. baumannii as one of the “red alert” pathogens that greatly threatens the utility of our current antibacterial armamentarium. The study attempted to investigate the spectrum and antimicrobial resistance among MDR A. baumannii and their potential implications in hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal.MethodsThis study was conducted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Nepal from January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 177 A. baumannii isolated from hospitalized patients were included in the study. The AST was performed by disc diffusion method. The MDR strains were identified by the criteria of Magiorakos et al, ESBL production by CLSI guidelines, and AmpC β-lactamase production by the AmpC disc test. MBL and KPC production were detected as per the method of Tsakris et al.ResultsOut of 177 A. baumannii, 91.0% were MDR isolates. Among the MDR isolates, the majority were isolated from respiratory tract specimens and were isolated from ICU patients. Most of the MDR isolates were resistant to all first-line antibiotics and all were completely sensitive to only polymyxin B and colistin sulfate. MBL (67.7%) was the common β-lactamase production among MDR isolates.ConclusionAcinetobacter baumannii can cause a vast variety of infections in hospitalized patients. The highly resistant MDR strains are common in tertiary care hospitals. This bacteria lead to high morbidity and mortality as we are left with the only option of treating them by potentially toxic antibiotics like colistin sulfate and polymyxin B. Detection of drug resistance and rational use of antibiotics play a crucial role in the fight against this MDR pathogen.
Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 2017
Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia are grave because of the multi-resistance of the organism to antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of A. baumannii isolated from blood cultures and to describe their antibiotic resistance patterns. Materials and Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted on blood cultures between 2010 and 2014 from all Ibn Rochd University Hospital intensive care units; it was based on the exploitation of microbiology laboratory database (duplicates were excluded). Isolation and identification of A. baumannii were performed according to standard techniques of bacteriology and susceptibility testing as recommended by the CLSI. PCR was used to detect β-Lactamase genes, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23. Results: Among the 4232 samples received at the laboratory, 2402 (56.8%) were positive. Negative coagulase Staphylococcus was isolated in 21.6% of cases followed by A. baumannii (9.2%), and K. pneumoniae (9.1%). A. baum...
Annals of King Edward Medical University, 2016
Purpose: To determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from ICU's of tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Study Design: A case control study. Methods: Three hundred and fifteen clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii collected from different ICUs were evaluated during 1 year period. The isolates were identified by morphology, growth and biochemical characteristics, susceptibility to a panel of antimicrobial agents in disc diffusion assay and molecular characterization by PCR using glt A and gyr B genes. Results: 94% of Acinetobacter spp were detected as
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic nosocomiala multidrug resistance( MDR) pathogen, so arising largely infections by this bacteria specially in immuno-compromised patients and ability to survive in hospital environments and it became important human pathogen so , virulence factor and antibiotic resistance are playing important role in infections but few studies in Iraq about this bacteria there for present study aimed to study the virulence factors among Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Hospitalized patients among hospitals in Baghdad city and evaluate the antibiotics resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolate. Thirty-nine isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated during period March to October 2015 from various clinical source from laboratories of bacteriology in different hospitals of Baghdad city then diagnosis and identification by classical methods and vitek 2system, and study virulence factors as form Biofilm; Capsule formation; Pellicle assay; hemolysin production and various enzymes so evaluated the antimicrobial resistance for twelve different antibiotics. Acinetobacter baumannii was more isolated from Wound and Burn swab(38.5%) so (28.2%) isolated from both Urine and sputum , whilst (5.1%) form blood, and high percentage of Acinetobacter baumannii (43.5%) in age group(40-60) years, whilst only (2.5%) in age less than 20 years, as well as high percentage (59.4%) founded in males, Also biochemical test were positive for catalase and citrate, while negative for each of Oxidase, indole , Urease , Lactose fermentation , motility and hemolysin , also all isolate were positive for gelatinase and 21 isolate positive for Protease whilst 29 isolate positive for both Lipase and Capsule as well as 18 isolate positive for Lecithinase and 38, 33 isolate positive for heamolysin production and Pellicle assay respectively . so 32 of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were positive for biofilm formation, also current study appearance all Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were found resistant to ampicillin, Cefoxitin and tetracycline (100%), whilst low resistance to Imipenem and Piperacillin 58.9, 15.4% respectively. High percentage of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from burn swab, whilst low percentage from blood so high percentage isolated from age group (40-60) years and frommales patients more isolate compared to females .as well as Acinetobacter baumannii isolates have multiple virulence factors that apparent all Acinetobacter baumannii isolates have gelatinase activity whilst varied result other factors, and highest resistance of isolates to Ampicillin, Cefoxitin and Tetracycline.
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the drug-resistance and the molecular characterization of carbapenemases, ESBL, and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes among Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in Algerian hospitals. Methodology: A total of 92 A. baumannii isolates were collected between 2012 and 2016. Antimicrobial susceptibility testings were performed for β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampicin and colistin. The phenotypic characterization of β-lactamases was investigated. For 30 randomly targeted strains, the carriage of the carbapenemases, ESBL and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes -encoding genes was determined by PCR. Sequencing was carried out for carbapenemases and ESBL genes. Results: Most of the 92 isolates studied were recovered from hospitalized patients (93.5%) and were mainly from intensive care units (51.1%) and orthopedics (19.6%). The strains were collected primarily from low respiratory tract...
Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Iraqi hospital environment
Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Iraqi hospital environment, 2017
Healthcare-associated items are a common source of acquired infections, and hospital-acquired infections cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Acinetobacter baumannii is the most prevalent infection-causing organism in the hospital environment. Hospital articles and objects are the main sources of infection with the ability to transmit some of the pathogenic microorganisms such as A. baumannii, which is considered a serious problem in therapeutic treatments. In the current study, we isolated A. baumannii from hospital sources and evaluated its antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and resistance gene determinants. The isolates were identified phenotypically as well as genotypically using PCR. In addition, their capability for biofilm formation and ten other virulence factors were measured. Of 112 samples, 21 showed growth of the target organism. Apart from A. baumannii, isolates of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were also grown. Antibiotic susceptibility test results considered all the A. baumannii to be multidrug-resistant isolates with the highest resistance being 100% to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin; the most effective antibiotics with 100% susceptibility was colistin and tigecycline. All A. baumannii isolates had MIC for ceftriaxone >32 mg/L. All A. baumannii isolates from the hospital environment showed multidrug resistance and had many virulence factors. They have long- term resistance to dry conditions and cause a serious public health issue. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd
Journal of Hospital Infection, 2003
Over an 18 month period, the bacteriological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii infections in a teaching hospital were studied. Typing studies were performed on 38 strains isolated from 36 patients. Twenty-two of the strains were isolated during the three outbreaks. Surgery, catheterization, mechanical ventilation, and antibiotic therapy for adult patients and respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, and prematurity for paediatric patients were the main risk factors identified. All isolates were resistant to penicillins (except ampicillin-sulbactam), cephalosporins, gentamicin, and aztreonam but susceptible to carbapenems and colistin. Resistance to tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin-sulbactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and amikacin was variable. Antibiotyping, arbitrarily-primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) and the pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) indicated the epidemiological relationship. The outbreak strains, demonstrated genetic distinction between our three outbreaks and isolates from specific areas in the hospital.
Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit.
Acinetobacter baumannii is a ubiquitous microrganism often able to colonize and survive in different environments. Currently it is one of the most common pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections, including outbreaks, especially in long-term care facilities. The aim of this study was to show the results of an environmental investigation and genotyping analysis of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii associated with an outbreak in an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital located in Northern Sardinia, Italy. Positive cultures of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii were reported during the month of June 2012, after the collection of biological samples from ten patients. Acinetobacter baumannii was isolated during the following environmental investigation from the headboard of two beds. All the strains were genotyped by performing multiplex PCR to identify the presence of genes encoding carbapenemases. The results showed specific bands of bla OXA-51-like gene and of the bla OXA-23-like gene. PFGE highlighted minimal differences in genomic fingerprints, while the cluster analysis grouped the isolated microorganisms into two closely related clusters, characterized by Dice's similarity coefficient equal to 95.1%. MLST showed that the strains belonged to ST31. The results of the study highlight the need, especially in high-risk areas, to adopt strict hygiene practices, particularly hand hygiene, and to ensure an appropriate turnover of personal protective equipment, which could be responsible for the spread of biological agents, such as MDR Acinetobacter baumannii.
Infection and Drug Resistance, 2020
Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial pathogen worldwide and is responsible for various healthcare-associated infections. The MDR strains have been reported increasingly during the last decades in hospitalized patients. They have developed resistance to most of the available antibiotics and are known to produce various acquired β-lactamases. The β-lactamase producing strains have a potential for rapid dissemination in hospital settings, as it is often plasmid-mediated. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (ISDA) stated A. baumannii as one of the "red alert" pathogens that greatly threatens the utility of our current antibacterial armamentarium. The study attempted to investigate the spectrum and antimicrobial resistance among MDR A. baumannii and their potential implications in hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal. Methods: This study was conducted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Nepal from January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 177 A. baumannii isolated from hospitalized patients were included in the study. The AST was performed by disc diffusion method. The MDR strains were identified by the criteria of Magiorakos et al, ESBL production by CLSI guidelines, and AmpC β-lactamase production by the AmpC disc test. MBL and KPC production were detected as per the method of Tsakris et al. Results: Out of 177 A. baumannii, 91.0% were MDR isolates. Among the MDR isolates, the majority were isolated from respiratory tract specimens and were isolated from ICU patients. Most of the MDR isolates were resistant to all first-line antibiotics and all were completely sensitive to only polymyxin B and colistin sulfate. MBL (67.7%) was the common βlactamase production among MDR isolates. Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii can cause a vast variety of infections in hospitalized patients. The highly resistant MDR strains are common in tertiary care hospitals. This bacteria lead to high morbidity and mortality as we are left with the only option of treating them by potentially toxic antibiotics like colistin sulfate and polymyxin B. Detection of drug resistance and rational use of antibiotics play a crucial role in the fight against this MDR pathogen.