Analytical optimization of a nanoparticle of microstructural fused deposition of resins for additive manufacturing (original) (raw)
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Comptes Rendus Mecanique, 2019
Polymers are commonly found to have low mechanical properties e.g. low stiffness and low strength. To improve the mechanical properties of polymers, various types of fillers are added. These fillers can be either micro or nano sized, however nano sized fillers are found to have more profound effect on improving the mechanical properties compared to micro sized fillers. In this research, we have analysed the mechanical behaviour of the silica reinforced nanocomposites printed by using a new 5 axis photopolymer extrusion 3D printing technique. The printer has 3 translational axis and 2 rotational axis which enables it to print free standing objects. Since this is a new technique and in order to characterise the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites manufactured using this new technique, we carried out experimental and numerical analyses. We added nano sized silica filler to enhance the properties of 3D printed photopolymer. Different concentrations of the filler were added and their effects on mechanical properties were studied by conducting uniaxial tensile tests. We observed improvement in mechanical properties by the addition of nano sized filler. In order to observe the tensile strength, dog-bone samples using new photopolymer extrusion printing were prepared. A viscoelastic model was developed and stress relaxation tests were conducted on photopolymer in order to calibrate the viscoelastic parameters. The developed computational model of nano reinforced polymer composite takes into account the nanostructure and dispersion of nanoparticles. Hyper and viscoelastic phenomena was employed to validate and analyse the stress-strain relationship of 8%, 9% and 10% filler concentrations. In order to represent the nanostructure, a 3D representative volume element (RVE) was utilized and subsequent simulations were ran in commercial finite element package ABAQUS. Results acquired in this study could lead to better understanding of the mechanical characterisation of the nanoparticle reinforced composite, manufactured using the new photopolymer extrusion 5-axis 3D printing technique.
Thermo-Mechanical Evaluation of Novel Plant Resin Filaments Intended for 3D Printing
— With the development of three-dimensional printing technologies (3D) for rapid prototyping, new materials are being constantly researched, but not all have the necessary characteristics to be used for this purpose. The cost of materials commonly used for this application and their reuse limitations are aspects that must be taken into account and involve the search for low-cost and more environmentally friendly new replacement materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate some properties and the application of natural plant resins as possible materials for 3D printing by using the technique fused deposition modeling (FDM). The filaments were manufactured via hot melted extrusion (HME). The tests made include the determination of density, mechanical evaluation of materials (tensile and compressive strength) and also the analysis of their thermal behavior by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). According to the results, materials showed lowest tensile and compressive strength when compared to other plastics commercially available, nevertheless the resins present excellent molding to be extruded in the manufacturing of filaments and successfully 3D printed, using relative lower temperatures.
Polymers, 2021
Silica exhibits properties such that its addition into polymeric materials can result in an enhanced overall quality and improved characteristics and as a result silica has been widely used as a filler material for improving the rheological properties of polymeric materials. The usage of polymers in three-dimensional printing technology has grown exponentially, which has increased the amount of waste produced during this process. Several polymers, such as polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polylactic acid (PLA), and nylon, are applied in this emerging technology. In this study, the effect of the addition of silica as a filler on the mechanical, thermal, and bulk density properties of the composites prepared from the aforementioned polymeric waste was studied. In addition, the morphology of the composite materials was characterized via scanning electron microscopy. The composite samples were prepared with various silica concentrations using a twin extruder followed by hot c...
BioMed Research International
Background. Recently, dentists can utilize three-dimensional printing technology in fabricating dental restoration. However, to date, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of printing layer thicknesses and postprinting on the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed temporary restorations with the additive manufacturing technique. So, this study evaluated the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed dental resin material with different printing layer thicknesses and postprinting methods. Methods. 210 specimens of a temporary crown material (A2 EVERES TEMPORARY, SISMA, Italy) were 3D-printed with different printing layer thicknesses (25, 50, and 100 μm). Then, specimens were 3D-printed using DLP technology (EVERES ZERO, DLP 3D printer, SISMA, Italy) which received seven different treatment conditions after printing: water storage for 24 h or 1 month, light curing or heat curing for 5 or 15 minutes, and control. Flexural properties were evaluated using a three-point bending tes...
Mechanical characterization of 3D-printed polymers
Additive Manufacturing, 2018
3D printing, more formally known as Additive Manufacturing (AM), is already being adopted for rapid prototyping and soon rapid manufacturing. This review provides a brief discussion about AM and also the most employed AM technologies for polymers. The commonly-used ASTM and ISO mechanical test standards which have been used by various research groups to test the strength of the 3D-printed parts have been reported. Also, a summary of an exhaustive amount of literature regarding the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts is included, specifically, properties under different loading types such as tensile, bending, compressive, fatigue, impact and others. Properties at low temperatures have also been discussed. Further, the effects of fillers as well as post-processing on the mechanical properties have also been discussed. Lastly, several important questions to consider in the standardization of mechanical test methods have been raised.
DYNA, 2023
Influencia de las partículas de alúmina (AL 2 O 3) en el comportamiento físicomecánico de fabricación aditiva-resina DLP para utillaje rápido ABSTRACT Over the past decade, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained considerable recognition in rapid tool manufacturing owing to its notable advantages. For the rapid injection mold manufacturing by the DLP-AM method, the most important subject that should be focused on is the photopolymer resin, as the 3D printed mold must withstand the stresses and temperatures encountered by the injection pressure and temperature of the molten plastic. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding alumina (Al 2 O 3) powder on the properties of a DLP-AM photopolymer. For this aim, 2 and 4 wt.% Al 2 O 3 were added to a photopolymer resin, and 3D-printed samples were produced by DLP. Several physico-mechanical properties were studied compared to the pure polymer. The results indicated that as the Al 2 O 3 content increased, the void fraction, volumetric heat capacity, wear resistance, tensile and flexural strength, all decreased. In contrast, as the Al 2 O 3 wt.% increased, so did the flexural strain, impact strength, hardness, and thermal conductivity. This study showed that injection molding cycle times can be shortened considerably due to this benefit, which would be beneficial for quick molding applications.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR 3D PRINTING MATERIALS
IRJET, 2022
Abstract - The recent developments in the 3D printing technology enables the digital manufacturing In mass-scale distribution and also the ready availability of 3D printers for the public at lowcostsand high mechanical properties makes the scientists to look at the properties of the 3Dprintingmaterials.However, to make 3D objects polymers are mainly used which generally have low mechanical properties. So, that there is an urgent need to charecterise and analyze the mechanical properties to assess which 3D printing materials have better properties. This work is aimed to find the best 3D printing material from existing materials. In this work, initially the mechanical properties of the 3D printing polymers like polylactic acid (PLA), Lay Wood have been analyzed. This work would propose the best 3D printing material from current basic 3D printing materials with improved mechanical properties
Journal of Micromanufacturing, 2019
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) process is an emerging 3D printing technique used primarily for rapid prototyping in academic and industrial environments. The mechanical properties of these 3D printed samples are highly anisotropic in nature and depend on various process parameters. Literature suggests that build orientation is a crucial parameter affecting the mesostructural and mechanical properties of these parts. However, there are no existing models that can correlate the mechanical properties of these printed parts with their mesostructural properties. Herein, a multiparametric mathematical model has been developed establishing a correlation between the tensile strength, neck length and pore size of the printed parts. An extensive investigation is carried out on six materials, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABSplus P430, ABS POLYLAC® PA-757 and LG ABS RS657), polycarbonate (PC), FDM Nylon 12, and PC-ABS alloy printed in two different build orientations (XZ and ZX). The change in mechanical properties with respect to build orientation and the mesostructural properties was examined. It was established that parts printed in the XZ orientation exhibit a higher tensile strength, owing to the higher neck length and smaller pore size. Regression analysis was carried out to develop mathematical models correlating the tensile strength with the mesostructural properties of the printed parts. A good agreement is observed between the theoretically predicted and experimentally found tensile strength. Abstract Fused filament fabrication (FFF) process is an emerging 3D printing technique used primarily for rapid prototyping in academic and industrial environments. The mechanical properties of these 3D printed samples are highly anisotropic in nature and depend on various process parameters. Literature suggests that build orientation is a crucial parameter affecting the mesostructural and mechanical properties of these parts. However, there are no existing models that can correlate the mechanical properties of these printed parts with their mesostructural properties. Herein, a multiparametric mathematical model has been developed establishing a correlation between the tensile strength, neck length and pore size of the printed parts. An extensive investigation is carried out on six materials, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABSplus P430, ABS POLYLAC® PA-757 and LG ABS RS657), polycarbonate (PC), FDM Nylon 12, and PC-ABS alloy printed in two different build orientations (XZ and ZX). The change in mechanical properties with respect to build orientation and the mesostructural properties was examined. It was established that parts printed in the XZ orientation exhibit a higher tensile strength, owing to the higher neck length and smaller pore size. Regression analysis was carried out to develop mathematical models correlating the tensile strength with the mesostructural properties of the printed parts. A good agreement is observed between the theoretically predicted and experimentally found tensile strength.