Overtime, Shift Work, Poor Sleep and the Effects on Obesity: A Public Health Problem (original) (raw)
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The Association between Job Related Factors, Short Sleep and Obesity
Industrial Health, 2009
Epidemiological studies have found a consistent inverse relationship between increased body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration. These studies have not controlled for the role that job related factors such as shift work and working hours may have on this relationship. A cross sectional survey of shift and day workers (N=346; 292 males and 59 females) was employed to investigate the association between obesity, job related factors and sleep duration. Mean age for the overall sample was 41.1 yr (± 11.1). Mean BMI was significantly higher in shift workers than in day workers (p<.001). Mean BMI (12.60 h ± 0.41) was also significantly (p<.001) higher in the group working long daily hours followed by medium working hours (10.95 h ± 0.56) and short working hours (8.72 h ± 0.56). Obese individuals worked significantly longer hours (p<.001) and slept 18 min less per day (p<.06) compared to those with a normal BMI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) indicated the most significant predictor of obesity was long working hours (OR=2.82, CI: 1.10-7.19), followed by being older (OR=2.05, CI: 1.17-3.59) and short sleep duration (OR=1.92, CI: 1.03-3.55). The limitations of the study are discussed.
BMC Public Health, 2014
Background: Epidemiologic studies show a curvilinear relationship between inadequate sleep (< 7 or > 8 hours) and obesity (Body Mass Index > 30 kg/m2), which have enormous public health impact. Methods: Using data from the National Health Interview Survey, an ongoing nationally representative cross-sectional study of non-institutionalized US adults (≥18 years) (1977 through 2009), we examined the hypothesis that inadequate sleep is independently related to overweight/obesity, with adjustment for socio-demographic, health risk, and medical factors. Self-reported data on health risks, physician-diagnosed medical conditions, sleep duration, and body weight and height were used.
Employees' sleep duration and body mass index: Potential confounders
Preventive Medicine, 2009
Objective. Productivity losses are associated with both employees' sleep and weight problems. Addressing these issues independently may be complicated by a potential link between sleep duration and weight. The mixed results of prior studies, both supporting and refuting an association between sleep duration and weight, may have been subject to missing variable bias. To clarify future strategies for workplace health promotion, possible confounders to the sleep duration/weight relationship were investigated.
Night shift work, short sleep and obesity
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 2020
Background: Obesity is associated with increased general mortality and comorbidities, it is multifactorial and some evidence has shown that sleep duration and shift work may be implicated in its pathogenesis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between shift work, quality of life and obesity among healthcare workers of a Brazilian University Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from April 2013 to December 2014 with 200 workers of a University Hospital. Sociodemographic data were evaluated and BREF WHOQOL was used for quality of life. The physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Chronotypes and daily sleep preference were investigated using Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Venous blood was collected after 12-h of fasting for laboratory tests. Results: In this sample, the night shift workers had higher income and were older compared to day shift workers. Night shift workers sleep less hours, had higher weight, body mass index and abdominal circumference when compared to the day shift workers. Night shift workers had almost 3 times higher association with abdominal obesity independent of age and gender, than day shift workers. MCTQ parameters showed that night shift workers had lower sleep duration during working days and also during free days, associated with a higher level of social jetlag. Social jetlag had an association with obesity. We found no difference for quality of life between shifts. Conclusions: Night work was a risk factor for abdominal obesity, social jetlag was higher in night shift workers and it was associated with presence of obesity.
Is sleep duration related to obesity? A critical review of the epidemiological evidence
Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2008
1. Observational studies have implicated habitual sleep duration as a risk factor for mortality and morbidity. Part of this association might be mediated by obesity, which has also been associated with habitual sleep duration. These studies generate wide media attention because of the public's health concerns surrounding increasing obesity and the temporal association with the other modern ''epidemic'' of sleep loss. Some commentators have recommended public health interventions to control obesity via habitual sleep duration modification. We conducted a critical review of the available literature describing the relationship between habitual sleep duration and obesity in community-based studies in both adults and children, with particular emphasis on longitudinal studies and on studies with objective measures of habitual sleep duration.
Annals of Medicine, 2014
Epidemiological data have identifi ed an association • between short sleep duration and overweight and/or obesity. Th is association is more consistent in children than in adults. Sleep restriction results in metabolic and endocrine • alterations (e.g. increased levels of ghrelin, decreased levels of leptin, increased hunger and appetite, decreased glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, increased evening concentrations of cortisol). Insuffi cient sleep is associated with increased food • intake, snacking, and poor diet quality. Short sleep duration has been shown to be associated with elevated body mass index (BMI) in many epidemiological studies. Several pathways could link sleep deprivation to weight gain and obesity, including increased food intake, decreased energy expenditure, and changes in levels of appetite-regulating hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin. A relatively new factor that is contributing to sleep deprivation is the use of multimedia (e.g. television viewing, computer, and internet), which may aggravate sedentary behavior and increase caloric intake. In addition, shift-work, long working hours, and increased time commuting to and from work have also been hypothesized to favor weight gain and obesity-related metabolic disorders, because of their strong link to shorter sleep times. This article reviews the epidemiological, biological, and behavioral evidence linking sleep debt and obesity.
Saudi Medical Journal, 2022
Objectives: To determine the correlation between excessive daytime sleepiness and body mass index, waist circumference, and lipid profile of shift workers at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia between October 2018 and July 2019. The participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Multiple linear regression with backward elimination was performed to identify the odds ratios between Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores, anthropometric measurements, and lipid profiles. A p-value of <0.05 indicated statistically significant correlations. Results: Of the 150 included participants, 127 (84.67%) were women. Statistical analyses revealed Original Article odds ratios of 2.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-4.89, p=0.000) for daytime sleepiness severity and total cholesterol levels, and 2.45 (95% CI 1.36-4.98, p=0.020) for daytime sleepiness severity and high-density lipoprotein levels. Conclusion: Increased total cholesterol and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels increase the risk of excessive daytime sleepiness in shift workers.