Short Glass Fiber Filled Waste Plastic (PE) Composites: Studies on Thermal and Mechanical Properties (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Polymer Science, 2021
After primary uses of the plastic product, most developing countries like Ethiopia are facing a shortage of postconsumer disposal waste sites and it became a very serious problem on environmental pollution due to its nonbiodegradable nature. For this reason, regenerating and using the waste product as resources and reducing environmental pollutions are a great opportunity. This research is aimed at the manufacturing of composite materials from waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles reinforced with glass fibers and filled with waste glass powder for floor tile applications. The tile composites were prepared by the melt-mixing method followed by compression molding. The effect of filler, fiber, and PET matrix loading on the composite was investigated using their tensile, compression, and flexural strength tests. The sample was characterized using a universal testing machine. PerkinElmer FTIR instrument was also used. For this, eleven samples prepared by varying the glass fiber weight % from 0 to 10, PET matrix weight % from 70 to 85, and glass powder filler weight % from 5 to 20. The measurement results of the composite were maximum tensile strength (81.625 MPa) and flexural strength (1067.59 MPa) recorded at 10%weight of glass fiber, 85% weight of PET matrix, and 5%weight of window glass filler. The maximum compressive strength is 1876.14 MPa at 10% weight glass fiber, 70 wt% PET matrix, and 20 wt% window glass filler. Based on this, the tensile strength and flexural strength increased with increased weight % of glass fiber and decreased with increased window glass filler. The FTIR spectrum shows some of the groups that have been removed from the recycled PET; this explains the brittleness of the recycled PET as compared to the waste bottle PET. The microstructure was uniformly distributed, and the material became opaque, probably because the decrease in chain length improves chain packing, increasing the crystallinity degree and crystal size.
Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry
This study presents the preparation of short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP/FG) composites using with waste (post-consumer) polypropylene composite containing long glass fiber (PP/LFG) obtained from the recycling of battery covers of trucks. Waste PP/LFG composite parts were mechanically grinded before adding to PP/FG composites. An injection molding machine was used to produce the PP/FG composite test samples loading with recycled waste PP/LFG composite in the range of 1-20% by weight. Effects of recycled waste PP/LFG content on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the PP/FG composites were investigated. The following three different tests, at various waste PP/LFG ratios, were conducted: Izod/Charpy Impact test, bending test, and tensile test. Mechanical test results showed that mechanical strength of prepared PP/FG composites were not influenced by content of waste PP/LFG material up to 10 wt.%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for the...
International Journal of Plastics Technology, 2009
In this study, short PET and Glass fibers have been used to reinforce waste polyethylene (WPE) and neat high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrices for studying their dynamic mechanical behavior. The composites were prepared in a Brabender Pasticorder at 180°C and then compression molded to prepare the test samples. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of the composites was carried out over a temperature sweep from −50°C to +100°C by varying the fiber loading. The storage modulus (E′) and loss modulus (E″) of WPE as well as neat HDPE short fiber composites increased with increase in the fiber loading. Grafting with Maleic Anhydride (MAH) of the WPE matrix enhanced further the E′ and E″ values significantly. The influence of such modification on the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan 5 peak of the composites at 50 wt.% fiber loading revealed that adhesion between the MAH-g-WPE matrix and the short fibers is enhanced because of interfacial interaction. An attempt has been made to correlate the dynamic mechanical behavior of the composites with their crystallinity.
Thermomechanical and Rheological Behaviours of Waste Glass Fibre-Filled Polypropylene Composites
Engineering Journal, 2009
The composites between the reinforced glass fibre wastes obtained from surfboard manufacturing industry and polypropylene were developed for value adding and environmental reasons. The thermomechanical and rheological behaviours of the composites were investigated. Glass fibre contents were varied from 5 to 30wt%. The effects of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-PP) compatibilizer on the behaviours were also determined. The results revealed that the addition of glass fibre was able to reduce the heat of fusion of the composite. Additionally, the tensile and flexural properties were increased with increasing the glass fibre contents following the rule of mixtures. The addition of MA-PP led to enhance tensile and flexural properties due to the improvement of the adhesion between matrix and glass fibre, which is correlated with morphological observations. From the rheological studies, the apparent flow activation energy revealed that the addition of glass fibre decreased the fluidity of the molten composite materials; however, it could be slightly improved by using MA-PP.
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2020
Pollution from plastic materials has become a severe problem all around the world. Plastics, due to their long lasting properties are utilized majorly in almost every application from packaging, electrical appliances, vehicle parts etc. the major concern related to plastics are that they are non-degradable and hence are harmful for environment. Several researches have been done in utilizing plastic material in addition with some other materials to form a composite material which has better properties than pure substances. Plastics with glass fibres are one such of composition where the new material formed can be used for several day to day applications. Hence the present work focuses on, manufacturing of a composite material from recycled glass fibres and recycled polypropylene co-polymers (PPCP) in varying ratios. A total of six specimens are made and results for Heat deflection temperature (HDT) 70:30 has the best results compared to other compositions. Results are also calculated...
Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 2017
The impressive physical and mechanical properties achievable with organic fillers make them a good choice for polymer composite reinforcement. In this study, oil palm fibres (OPF), often hardly thought of as having any reasonable economic value in developing economy was used as reinforcing fillers in recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE). Thermal behaviour, physical and mechanical stability of rHDPE filled with OPF have been studied. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results present band spectra characteristic of AOH stretching vibration in the cellulose of the fibre material. The absorption bands of the spectra are attributed to the presence of stretching vibration of C@O group mostly found in the form of hemicelluloses and lignin structure in the fibre. Upon examination of the test specimens produced through compression moulding technique, it was found that the addition of OPF (filler) into rHDPE (matrix) increased the composites' water absorption rate linearly for the first 16 days of exposure to the water environment. Stability was achieved for all the materials after this period. Thermal studies of the various compositions (OPF/rHDPE: 5/95, 10/90, 15/85, 20/80 and 25/75) using derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTGA) showed two main degradation peaks at 490°C and 380°C. The mechanical study revealed that the composite with 20 wt% filler contents was the most eco-friendly and had the best mechanical properties while that with 25 wt% was the most thermally stable. This material was thermally stable up to approximately 330°C. Microstructure examination of the different components of the composites further explains the reason for good physical and mechanical strength of the sample with 20 wt% filler. It can, therefore, be inferred from the results of the various analyses conducted that OPF is a good reinforcing phase for rHDPE and a potential material for construction and automotive industries.
Journal of Composites Science
The use of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a matrix for composite materials based on glass fiber reinforced virgin PET could be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to upgrade the bottle-grade recycled PET into engineering-grade PET for injection molding. In this work, a commercial virgin PET reinforced with 50%wt of glass fibers was compounded by mechanical mixing with a recycled PET, in order to minimize breakage of the glass fibers. The obtained compound, composed by 60%wt of recycled pet and 40%wt glass fiber reinforced virgin PET, was injection molded at three different mold temperatures (4, 40 and 80 °C) to analyze the effect of crystallization of the material during the production process. The results in terms of thermal and mechanical properties were compared with those obtained from recycled PET molded in the same conditions. The flexural tests and the analysis of thermal resistance showed that by adding 40%wt of glass fiber reinforced virgin PET t...
IJISRT, 2017
The objective of this work is to investigate the Tensile properties of Non recyclable waste plastics particulate reinforced unsaturated polyester composite. Waste plastic particulates of particle sizes 1, 2, 3 mm were embedded into the unsaturated polyester resin to produce a composite. The specimens were made at 20, 30 and 40% weight percentages of the particulate filler in polyester matrix. Tensile tests were conducted on prepared samples of the composite material as per ASTM standards. Hand layup process was used for composite making. In this work the process parameters such as percentage composition of filler, percentage of catalyst addition (Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide) and particulate size were defined by Taguchi method. The influence of the process parameters on tensile properties of the composite was optimized and regression equation was also formed using ANOVA. For the optimization process, MINITAB 17 software is utilized. The results showed that the tensile strength of the composite with 30% waste plastic reinforcement, 1.2% catalyst addition and 1mm particulate size was maximum. The composite could be considered for applications in areas were a better tensile and light weight material is required. Also this can be a good solution for converting waste plastics into useful products without any toxic emissions which are the main sources of air pollution [1] [6].
Mechanical Properties and Modeling of Fibreglass-reinforeced Epoxy Resin Wastes-filled Polypropylene
The polymer composites were prepared from fiberglass reinforced polymer wastes obtained from cross-arm manufacturing and injection moulded after treating with latex and oven dried to reduce the itching nature of the fiberglass. The samples were size-classified as 150, 200, 250 and 300 microns. Tensile tests were later carried out on them. The mechanical properties determined include Tensile strength, Elongation at break, Hardness and Indentation. It is discovered that the tensile strength and indentation increased with increasing filler loadings while elongation and hardness decreased. The research was modelled to obtain higher filler weight percentage values that were not got in the laboratory after accurate and precise predictions were made with Matlab modelling software. The modeling was used to obtain the optimal and best results of the particle sizes.
Tensile and flexural properties of recycled glass fibre reinforced polyester composite
Materials Research Innovations, 2014
Composite materials are used in a wide range of applications. Unfortunately, composite materials have not been properly recycled, especially in thermoset-based polymer composites. Recycled glass reinforced polyester-polyester composite material from waste material was identified for this study. In the recycling process, the glass fibres were not separated from the polyester matrix, but instead the material was grinded into finely chopped substance which is to be used as reinforcement material for fabricating other composite materials. Compression moulding process was used for fabricating recycled glass fibre reinforced polyester plate. Load-extension and stress-extension curves of fabricated composite materials subject to tensile and flexural loading were produced, and then the mechanical properties of this material were determined experimentally. The effect of loading rate on flexural properties of recycled glass reinforced polyester-polyester materials was studied, and it was found that by increasing the strain rate, the flexural stiffness was increased.