Organic Light Emitting Diodes: Materials, Fabrications and Applications (original) (raw)
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Organic Light Emitting Diodes: Devices and applications
Opto-electronic devices using organic materials are becoming widely desirable for manifold reasons [1-4]. In fact, organic devices have the potential for cost advantages over inorganic devices. In addition, inherent properties of organic materials, such as their flexibility make them well suited for particular applications such as fabrication on a flexible substrate. The materials used in organic light emitting devices involve one of two mechanisms in the electroluminescence produced (fluorescence versus phosphorescence). When properly stacked, these materials result in a device that can achieve the required high efficiency and long lifetime. Such red, green and blue devices can then be combined in matrices to become the core of a display. In general, facile fabrication of large areas is a requirement for the production of low-cost electronics. By increasing the doping level of materials, the barrier to charge carrier injection can be continuously reduced. The use of combinatorial devices allows scientists to quickly screen for the optimum doping level. This concept in organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices with hole or electron limited electroluminescence show that it is possible to significantly reduce the operating voltage while improving the light output and efficiency. Owing to the advantages of solid-state, self-emission, full color capability and flexibility, OLED has been recognized as one of the most promising flat panel display technology and has stepped into commercialization.
Perspectives on organic light-emitting diodes for display applications
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2006
Herein, we describe a number of key issues that concern the commercialization of organic light-emitting diodes for display applications. We will firstly outline the historical and market contexts that show the potential for organic electronics as a viable display technology. Next, we will discuss the chemical structures for a range of both smallmolecular and polymer organic semiconducting compounds, and how the electronic properties are governed thereof. Also we will briefly discuss various common film deposition and device fabrication strategies. Then, we will describe two factors that are highly relevant for commercially viable organic light-emitting diodes, namely charge balance, and device degradation. Finally, we will outline some methods for achieving the high-volume throughput of organic electronics via well-established technologies that are used in the printing industry.
Specifics and Challenges to Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Devices
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2016
Several recent developments in material science and deposition methods for flexible organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are surveyed. The commonly used plastic substrates are compared, according to their mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical properties. Multilayer electrode structures, used as transparent electrodes, replacing conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) are presented and data about their conductivity, transparency, and bending ability are provided. Attention is paid to some of the most popular industrial processes for flexible OLEDs manufacturing, such as roll-to-roll printing, inkjet printing, and screen printing. Main specifics and challenges, related to the foils reliability, mechanical stability of the transparent electrodes, and deposition and patterning of organic emissive films, are discussed.
Structural Analysis of Enhanced Performance Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs
International Journal of Computer Networks and Communications Security, 2020
We present a detailed study on structure of Organic LEDs (OLEDs) that promise flexibility and enhanced performance. Ordinary LEDs fail when it comes to need of ultra-smart size, thin, flexible smart screens and high efficiency light sources. With electroluminescent layer made of organic compounds, OLEDs promise all such features. We did a comprehensive analysis to find what structural features distinguish OLEDs from semiconductor LEDs. We found that it is the special six layered structure with organic emissive layer and delocalized charges due to weak pi bonds that enable OLEDs to perform better. We discuss a few limitations related to production and life of these LEDs and suggest possible solutions to overcome these challenges. A rigorous, in-depth analysis of this structure is imperative to further comprehend the working of this device in order to make future devices cheaper and more efficient.
Organic light emitting diode (OLED) has drawn tremendous attention in optoelectronic industry over the last few years. Their properties such as low cost, light weight, flexibility, and transparency have raised enormous interest for their potential applications in displays and lightings. In this article a brief review is presented on basics of OLED, including its operating principles and device structure. Selection of appropriate organic materials and their design in electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL) are discussed. In addition, chemical properties of electrode/organic junction are reported. The article also describes recent progress and key challenges to be overcome for their potential applications.
Organic Light Emitting Diode: Energy efficient material for sustainable green environment
Proceedings of National Conference RACSGSE-SBAP, 2017
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a light emitting diode (LED) constructed by using organic molecules that emits light in response to an electric current. The OLED are highly energy efficient material compared to conventional artificial light sources. The Organic light emitting diode emits light by emissive electroluminescent layer, a film of organic compound. The layer of organic semiconductor is situated between two electrodes in which at least one of the electrode is transparent. Major usage of OLED is in digital displays devices such as television screens, computer monitors, portable systems such as mobile phones, handheld game consoles and other displays. OLED have two main families: those based on small molecules and second class employ polymers as construction unit. The fundamental of OLED construction materials, energy efficiency of new OLED materials and application design has been discussed here.
Design and processing of organic electroluminescent devices
2000
The present dissertation compiles three aspects of my Ph.D. work on OLED device design, fabrication and characterization. The first chapter is a review of the concepts and theories describing the mechanisms of organic electroluminescence. The second chapter makes use of these concepts to articulate some basic principles for the design of efficient and stable OLEDs. The third chapter describes the
A Review Paper On: Organic Light-Emitting Diode (Oled) Technology and Applications
International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology
Organic LEDs is a semiconductor device, in solid state containing a conducting an emissive layer between two electrodes to create light with application of electricity. The concept of hole or electron in limited electroluminescence OLED devices has made it renowned in display technology. In dispay light emitted diode (LEDS) and liquid crystal diode (LCDS) are used but they have certain problem so we descoverd OLED to overcome the problem associated with them.
A Brief Survey on Organic Light Emitting Diode
Asia Student Photonics Conference, 2016
Unlike the liquid crystal display (LCD) technology which is dependent on the backlight source, the organic light emitting diode (OLED) is able to emit the light from the smaller pixels. An OLED is a type of light emitting diode which is made up of thin film of organic molecules. It is typically formed with the organic layers (electron layer and hole transport layer) which is embedded between the two electrodes. In this paper, we discuss the operating principle of OLED to produce the light by the recombination of electrons and holes. We also describe the various types of OLED’s and the electrical equivalent model which can be used to design and test the OLED drivers. Finally, we compare the OLED’s with the existing display devices such as LED and LCD displays and focus on the future applications of the OLED displays.
Solid State Communications, 1997
Organic light emitting diode (LED) technology has reached a point where performance levels are adequate for a number of applications. This review examines the key scientific issues that underlie the operation of such LEDs. The most advanced LEDs are multilayer devices, with the different layers possessing specialized carrier transport/optical properties. A combination of these materials results in the highly efficient devices that have now been reported by several laboratories. The important issue of reliability and some possible applications for organic LEDs are surveyed.