Applications of IoT in Smart City: A Study (original) (raw)
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Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives
Journal of Urban Technology, 2015
The concept of smart city is getting more and more relevant for both academics and policy makers. Despite this, there is still confusion about what a smart city is, as several similar terms are often used interchangeably. This paper aims at clarifying the meaning of the word “smart” in the context of cities through an approach based on an in-depth literature review of relevant studies as well as official documents of international institutions. It also identifies the main dimensions and elements characterizing a smart city. The different metrics of urban smartness are reviewed to show the need for a shared definition of what constitutes a smart city, which are its features, and how it performs in comparison to traditional cities. Furthermore, performance measures and initiatives in a few smart cities are identified.
Explanation of Concept and Features of a Smart City
Statement of the problem: Cities inherently encounter complex, interrelated, and widespread challenges that can only be solved through a systematic approach. In other words, the accumulation of a huge mass of people has led to chaos, and created the conditions that not only led to the collapse of the balance of the cities but also achievement of stability is impossible with the current methods of administration and urban development. As a result, urban planners around the world are trying to provide models with an integrative perspective to all aspects of urbanization development in the 21st century in order to meet new demands and expectations of today. One of the new concepts that deals with the current challenges in the field of urban planning is development of a smart city that has attracted much attention in recent years. Smart City has been raised as a pivotal factor of the Millennium Development that can open new concepts in urban planning and combine capabilities of real and virtual world to solve urban problems. Research goal: The aim of this study is to provide a foundation for researches in smart cities. In fact, it aims to explain the concept, meanings, dimensions, attributes, indexes, conventional beliefs, challenges and risks facing the smart city theoretically through profound analysis of relevant literature in this field and discussing the concept. Research Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical. Results: The results show that despite extensive literature on the concept of smart cities, a clear understanding and consensus on this issue does not exist and various academic researchers have suggested various contents. So that some smart technologies are considered as the only or least important component of the smart city, others have suggested a definition that goes beyond technology and believe that technology adoption is not the end. Technologies can be used in cities to empower citizens by adapting these technologies to their needs rather than adapting their lives to the requirements of technology. In addition, the meaning of a smart city is multifaceted. The key point is that cities must respond to changes in the context in which they operate. Moreover, what should be considered as intelligent depends on a variety of underlying conditions such as the political system, geography and dissemination of technology. In fact, smart solutions simply cannot be copied; therefore, the value for each field should be evaluated differently.
SMART CITIES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF DEFINITIONS
Granthaalayah Publications and Printers, 2023
This research has been done alongside the objective of set up a clear definition of smart cities that could possibly utilized globally. Despite a lot of material on smart cities that are accessible, there is no defined, widely used set of terminology that would assist in accurately defining a "Smart City". Around 115 current smart cities definitions were analysed and examined by utilizing as a guideline the themes and attributes of smart cities. These definitions have been acquired from numerous sources such as user-centric definitions, company/corporate profiles, national and international organizations (United Nations, ITU, Indian Smart Cities Mission, etc.), government initiatives, academia & research communities, standards development organizations, and trade associations. A list of thirty important terms that need to be included in a standardized definition was determined, and important indicators and categories were also established. Finally, to conclude on the basis of the given analyses, a suggested definition for the "smart city" was given by the following: An innovative city is known as a "smart city" if it adopts ICTs ("information and communication technologies") including innovative methods to enhance wellbeing, the effectiveness of urban services and environment, while simultaneously fulfilling the social, environmental, and economic requirements of both the present as well as the future generations. This derived definition is such a definition which can be generalized for any smart city with basic fundamentals terms mentioned in it and can be adopted widely throughout the world.
Searching for Smart City definition: a comprehensive proposal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY, 2012
During the latest years, smart city projects have been more and more popular and widespread all over the world. The continuous increasing of city’s population and the complexity of city management drive local governments towards the strong use of technologies to support a higher quality of urban spaces and a better offering of public services. The fascination of smart cities, able to link high technology, green environment and well-being for citizens, interests all the municipalities, independently on their dimensions, geographical area or culture. However, the concept of smart city is far from to be unambiguous. Several experiences all over the world show that cities define themselves as smart, but the meaning attributed to this word is different each time. Smart city concept has been growing from empirical experience, therefore a systemic theoretical study about this phenomenon still lacks. In this paper, the author aims to propose a comprehensive and verified definition of smar...
Smart cities: definitions, dimensions, and performance
2013
Purpose – The concept of smart city is getting more and more relevant for both academics and policy makers. Despite this, there is still confusion on what a smart city is and several similar terms are often used interchangeably. This paper aims at clarifying the meaning of the word “smart” in the context of cities and to identify the main dimensions and elements characterizing a smart city. Furthermore, performance measures of a smart city will be identified.
Developing Smart Cities: An Integrated Framework
Procedia Computer Science, 2016
With the advent of "smartphones", technology has helped mankind to solve some of its difficulties. On a similar note, "smart city" is a futuristic approach to alleviate obstacles triggered by ever-increasing population and fast urbanization which is going to benefit the governments as well as the masses. Modern day cities are deprived of vital elements like quality of life and socioeconomic development which can be delivered by the smart cities. Smart cities are an endeavour to make cities more efficient, sustainable and liveable. In other words, a smart city is a city that can monitor and integrate functionality of all the critical infrastructure like roads, tunnels, airways, waterways, railways, communication power supply, etc., control maintenance activities and can help in optimizing the resources while keeping an eye on the security issues as well. This research paper explores various aspects and dimensions of a smart city. To bridge the gap in literature regarding the concept of smart cities and its implementation, a framework has been developed to get better insights about the idea of smart city. On the basis of extensive and deep research of literature from diverse domains, we have identified six significant pillars for developing the framework as: Social, Management, Economic, Legal, Technology and Sustainability (SMELTS). The paper throws light upon how these factors can make the smart city initiative a successful project. The proposed framework has been used to figure out various agendas for research and traces its practical implications.
THE ROLE OF INTERNET OF THINGS IN DEVELOPING SMART CITIES
A main characteristic of smart cities is the use of information and communications technology in all aspects of city life. In this regard, Internet of Things (IoT) is a core element in the process of developing communities " ruled " by an improved communication, better understanding and wait times decrease. This paper aims to present the ways in which IoT networks and services can contribute to develop smart cities, giving as example various cities that have implemented this concept. The methodology used to carry out this research is both bibliographic – opting here to study the work of specialists in the field, authors from Romania and abroad, and empirical – formed by a case study on various smart cities around the world that use IoT. This type of smart cities is starting to transform all public institutions, changing their culture, from one control-based to one performance-centered. IoT is starting to play an important role in smart cities' evolution and it brings an improvement in the government-citizens relationship. We have identified that although technology is a central element, there should also be considered the capability and willingness of citizens and public institutions to collaborate in order to implement the best solutions for the communities.
Advances in environmental engineering and green technologies book series, 2015
Smart City is a fuzzy concept, not well defined in theoretical researches nor in empirical projects. Several definitions, different from each other, have been proposed. However, all agree on the fact that a smart city is an urban space that tends to improve the daily life (work, school,...) of its citizens (broadly defined). This is an improvement from different points of view: social, political, economic, governmental,... Although Smart Cities are based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), people (with their knowledge, habits, experiences, culture and behaviour) remain at the heart of concerns. In this paper, we are interested in the centrality of citizens (i.e. in the heart of the city) and ICT in their environment. This bring us to take into account the tacit knowledge brought by citizens and explicitable knowledge through ICT. We then introduce the difference between data, information and knowledge. Then we present the concept of Information and Knowledge System (IKS) and its distinction with Digital Information System (DIS). And we highlight the role of ICTs in the DIS and their impact to improve the smartness of the city. Finally, we propose a recipe taking account of all these ingredients and relate them.
The Studies Through Smart Cities Model: The Case of Istanbul
Rapid urbanization and the advances in Information and Communication Technology have changed the definition of "city" all over the world. In the beginning, the concept emerged as Digital Cities and gradually changed to Smart Cities bringing criteria along. It is inevitable that, in future the concept will change and develop new criteria. There are many components in the smart city, with the knowledge of the idea of "information and communication technologies", which is the focus of smart cities and the cities of the future. The ability to define cities as smart is possible through the development of balanced applications around these applications. In this study, the Istanbul city will be evaluated in the context of smart city studies while it is presented with components of smart city concept.