Assesment of hematotoxic, oxidative and genotoxic damage potentials of fipronil in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum (original) (raw)
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In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2020
Insecticides that disrupt the healthy functioning of the ecosystem have toxic potential on non-target organisms. Fish, an important component of the aquatic ecosystem, are exposed to these pesticides in different ways. The stress response is regarded as an adaptive mechanism that allows the fish to cope with the perceived stressor to maintain its normal or homeostatic state. This mechanism is determined by antioxidant parameters and oxidative stress indicators measured in gill and liver tissue of rainbow trout. Accordingly, the effects of fipronil (FP) insecticide on the physiology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were determined with using the different biomarkers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), and caspase 3 activity) in this study. Different doses of FP inhibited antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout liver and gill tissues while inducing oxidative stress parameter (MDA, MPO, and 8-OHdG) levels. Also, caspase-3 activity was increased in liver and gill tissue, but this increase was statistically significant only in gill tissue (p < 0.05). When the results of the study were taken into consideration, it was concluded that different doses of FP insecticide caused physiological changes in rainbow trout and the studied parameters were usable biomarkers in explaining the adaptive response of stress factor.
Toxin Reviews, 2019
Freshwater fish Labeo rohita were exposed to 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12 and 0.15 mg/L fipronil concentrations for 9 days in triplicate groups. Among signs loss of coordination, increased opercular movement, and tremors of fins were noted. Erythrocytic indices, lymphocytes, and monocytes decreased while total leukocyte counts, and neutrophils increased significantly. Relative weight of kidneys, gills, heart, and brain were significantly reduced. Gills and kidneys showed severe lesions. Erythrocytes showed a variety of nuclear abnormalities. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly in treated fish. It was concluded that fipronil induced severe clinical symptoms and adverse hemato-biochemical values in rohu fish, even at low concentrations.
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology, 2006
Methyl parathion (MP) is an organophosphorus insecticide used worldwide in agriculture and aquaculture due to its high activity against a broad spectrum of insect pests. The effect of a single exposure to 2 mg L − 1 of a commercial formulation of MP (MPc: Folisuper 600®, MP 600 g L − 1 ) on catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of the liver, white muscle and gills of Brycon cephalus was evaluated after 96 h of treatment. MPc exposure resulted in a significant induction of SOD, CAT and GST activity in all tissues. However, the GPx activity decreased significantly in white muscle and gills, whereas no alterations were observed in hepatic GPx activity. MPc also induced a significant increase in LPO values in the white muscle and gills, while hepatic LPO levels did not show any significant alteration. The current data suggest that MPc has oxidative-stress-inducing potential in fish, and that gills and white muscle are the most sensitive organs of B. cephalus, with poor antioxidant potentials. The various parameters studied in this investigation can also be used as biomarkers of exposure to MPc.
CYP1A gene expression as a basic factor for fipronil toxicity in Caspian kutum fish
Toxicology Reports
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of fipronil insecticide on the Caspian kutum fish at different levels of biological organizations and to find possible relationship between these biomarkers. Different doses of fipronil (65, 130 and 200 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered to the fish for 2 weeks. After 7 and 14 days of exposure, alterations in organ-somatic index, tissue and DNA structure, oxidative stress and CYP1A gene expression in gill, liver, brain and kidney were studied. Determination of these parameters in the liver showed that the degree of tissue change (DTC), comet tail, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and relative CYP1A mRNA expression increased mostly in a time dependent manner whereas in the kidney increased mostly in a dose dependent manner. These parameters in the gill increased more in time and dose dependent manner. Apart from the changes in CYP1A expression and oxidative stress, no alterations was observed in the brain. Multiple regression analysis showed that the CYP1A had the most correlation with the organ-somatic index (R 2 = 0.76) and comet tail (R 2 = 0.89) in the liver, and with DTC (R 2 = 0.93) and oxidative stress (R 2 = 0.87) in the kidney. Generally, this study showed that CYP1A gene expression can be considered as one basic factor for fipronil toxicity in this fish. However, other possible factors also should be considered for future research.
Toxicology Reports
Fipronil is an effective insecticide widely used in agriculture with potential ecotoxicological consequences. The median lethal dose (LD 50) and concentration (LC 50) of fipronil in 16.3 g Caspian white fish, Rutilus frisii kutum fingerlings were determined. To determine the LD 50 , a total of 133 fish were assigned to 19 tanks (7 fish/tank) including one control and 6 treatment groups (300, 450, 550, 650, 750, 850 mg/kg). Fish were injected intraperitoneally and monitored at 96 h. The LD 50 of fipronil was 632 mg/kg suggesting it was slightly toxic to the Caspian white fish. To determine LC 50 , 114 fish were assigned to 19 tanks (6 fish/tank) including one control and 6 treatment groups (300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 μg/L). The LC 50 of fipronil was 572 μg/L, which was highly toxic to the fish. The degree of tissue change (DTC) in vital organs from moribund fish exposed via waterborne exposure showed severe damage (DTC: 71 ± 52 for 700 μg/L) in the gill, including aneurisms, extensive fusion and necrosis. The fish exposed through the intraperitoneal route seemed to have severe lesions (DTC: 66 ± 50 for 750 mg/kg) in the kidney, involving hemorrhage, tubular degeneration and necrosis. The liver had no significant differences in DTC values between the two routes and showed pyknosis and sinusoid dilation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining did not show any histological alterations in the brain but nissl staining showed some alterations in distribution of purkinje cells. Generally, this study showed that the route of exposure to fipronil not only affects its acute toxicity but also determines the main target organs of toxicity and histopathological alterations in Caspian white fish.
Water
Fipronil is widely used against insects in agriculture and ectoparasites in domestic areas and veterinary medicine. However, fipronil may influence non-target species as a result of the contamination of aquatic ecosystems. The present study aimed to investigate the acute and sublethal effects of fipronil in freshwater mussels (Unio delicatus), a non-target species, with physiological, antioxidant action mechanisms and histopathological observations. The 96-h LC50 value of fipronil was found to be 2.64 (1.45–4.56) mg/L. Sublethal concentrations were applied at 1/10 and 1/5 of 96-h LC50 as 0.264 mg/L and 0.528 mg/L for 48-h and 7-d. Haemolymph samples, digestive gland and gill tissues of mussels were taken after exposure times. While the Total Haemocyte Counts decreased in 48-h of exposure, it was only high at 0.264 mg/L fipronil-exposed for 7-d (p < 0.05). While glutathione values in digestive glands and gills were higher in the fipronil applied groups (p < 0.05), the AOPP valu...
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP, 2017
The goal of this study was to determinate toxicity mechanism of biopesticide with antioxidant enzymes parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), transcriptional changes of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and cytochromes P4501A (CYP1A), sod, cat, and gpx in liver and gill tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this aim, plant-based (natural pesticides, azadirachtin (AZA)) and synthetic pesticides (deltamethrin (DLM)) were exposed on the fish at different concentrations (0.0005 and 0.00025ppm of DLM; 0.24 and 0.12ppm of AZA) for 21 days. According to the results of the study, the activity of SOD, CAT and GPx decreased, but malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activity of 8-OHdG increased in the gill and liver of rainbow trout (p<0.05). Additionally sod, cat and gpx were down regulated; HSP70 and CYP1A were up regulated for transcriptional observat...
Pakistan journal of zoology
Although chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate medium-toxicity pesticide, it is highly toxic to fish and aquatic animals. This study was conducted with young rainbow trouts (n=20) raised on twelve floating cages on the Atatürk Dam Lake. The fish were divided into four groups and were fed no insecticide (control groups), 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 mg/l CFP-contaminated feed orally for 30 days. The oxidative status of trout blood tissues and the comet assay was used to measure DNA strand breaks in blood erythrocytes. No significant differences were observed at all the doses of CFP between the values of hematocrit levels and total antioxidant status. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation of increased CFP doses with leucocyte levels (P<0.05), total oxidant status (P<0.01), oxidative stress index (P<0.05) and DNA damage (P<0.01).