Conservative management of hip dysplasia in a dog (original) (raw)

Incidence of canine hip dysplasia - a prospective study of one year

Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

A study was conducted to assess the prevalence of canine hip dysplasia (CHD) among dog population during a period of one year from January 2021 to December 2021. Canine hip dysplasia was confirmed by clinical orthopedic and radiographic examinations. Of the 231 dogs presented with lameness suspected to be originating from hip joint, 140 animals had dysplastic hips. The incidence was more in large breeds of dogs in an age group of 6 months to 12 months. Thirty five percent of the animals showed unilateral affection while in the remaining 65 percent it was bilateral. Females were more affected with this condition as per the findings of this study. Other than hip dysplasia, traumatic hip dislocation and osteoarthritis contributed to lameness originating from hip joints.

Hip Dysplasia in Canines-An Overview

Just like Humans, dogs can suffer from a wide range of different skeletal and muscular disorders, from mild ones that produces no or very insignificant symptoms to severe problems that require extensive treatment. Some skeletal and muscular disorders can be lethal, especially when left untreated. Skeletal development in the dog results from an interaction of genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. The genetic component can be influenced when the populations are well controlled, accurate breeding records are kept, and a desire to improve the breed exists. Environmental factors such as housing and activity level are under the owner's influence. Nutrition is one of the single most important factors affecting development of the musculoskeletal system, and energy, protein, and calcium are some of the more critical nutritional components affecting skeletal development. When given in excess, they can be detrimental to normal skeletal growth. The vast majority of developmental ...

Diagnosis, genetic control and preventive management of canine hip dysplasia: A review

The Veterinary Journal, 2010

Despite expensive screening and breeding programmes, hip dysplasia (HD) continues to be one of the most common orthopaedic diseases in dogs. The vast majority of dogs afflicted with HD show minimal to no clinical signs, but it can also be a highly debilitating condition for both working and pet dogs. Hip joint laxity is considered a major risk factor for the development of degenerative joint disease and a definitive diagnosis is made if characteristic signs are evident on a ventrodorsal view of the pelvis. Early prediction of the condition can be made using stress radiographic techniques to evaluate the passive hip laxity. The diagnosis of HD may be used for the purpose of selecting breeding stock or to decide on the best treatment approach. Breeding programmes based on individual dog phenotypes have been ineffective and a selection procedure based on breeding value (BV) estimation is recommended. Traditional conservative and surgical treatment approaches are reserved for dogs with overt clinical signs of the disease but such treatments can be expensive and aggressive, and are often ineffective in eliminating clinical signs or subluxation and in preventing the development of degenerative joint disease. The implementation of breeding programmes based on BVs and further research into early prediction/diagnosis of HD and effective preventive treatment approaches are essential.

A Retrospective Study on Canine Hip Dysplasia in Different Breeds in Egypt

The aim of the present work was to study the incidence of the canine hip dysplasia (CHD)among different breeds of dogs in Egypt to see how we are far away from the CHD problem. A retrospective study based on the database of the 2013 archive at the Referral Veterinary Hospital in Egypt was carried out to determine the incidence of canine hip dysplasia in Egypt. A total of 8956 dogs were admitted to the hospital during this year. Dogs with suspected CHD were subjected to complete case history and thorough clinical examination. Final diagnosis of CHD based upon hip radiography and color Doppler ultrasonography.Out of 8956 dogs, 2058 animals had CHD representing 22.9% of the total examined dogs. Gait abnormalities, difficulty in rising, climbing stairs or in jumping over obstacles were the reported clinical signs of CHD. The incidence of CHD among different examined dogs, breeds was 36.Great Dane, Cocker spaniel, Egyptian pharaoh hound, French mastiff, Ridge back and the Mixed breed, respectively.The incidence of CHD was 31.79%, 19.29%, 5.59% and 4.29% in large-sized breeds, giant size breeds, medium-sized breeds and small-sized breeds.The obtained results should be encourage the dog owners, breeders and the Egyptian Kennel Clubs to start and continue the implementation of the selection program of purebred dog breeds free from hip dysplasia on the basis of radiological hips examination, in order to further decrease this high incidence of CHD in Egypt.

Physical Rehabilitation for the Management of Canine Hip Dysplasia

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 2017

Hip dysplasia is among the most common orthopedic conditions affecting dogs. Joint laxity is responsible for abnormal development of the femoral head and acetabulum, leading to excessive wear of the articular cartilage. Wear leads to secondary osteoarthritis. Rehabilitation is either conservative or after surgical management. Conservative rehabilitation therapies are directed at decreasing pain, improving hip range of motion (ROM), and building or maintaining muscle mass. Postoperatively, rehabilitation focuses on decreasing postoperative pain and inflammation, improving comfort and limb use, and protecting the surgical site. Once the patient has healed, rehabilitation is directed at improving ROM and promoting muscle mass.

Prevalence of hip dysplasia in dogs according to official radiographic screening in Croatia

2011

The subject of this study was to detect the prevalence of hip dysplasia according to offi cial radiographic screening between 2001 and 2009. The overall number of dogs tested for HD was 5381, belonging to 137 breeds. In 2001 the number of dogs evaluated was 403, and in 2009 this number rose to 856, which is an increase of 212.40%. In 2001 the number of breeds evaluated was 48, and in 2007 this number rose to 79 breeds, which is an increase of 164.58%. In the overall sample there were 2125 (39.5%) males and 3256 (60.5%) females. The mean age was around 24 months. According to the FCI scale, C, D and E grades are interpreted as dysplastic hips. In our sample 4372 (81.25% ) dogs were found to be free of dysplasia (A, B), while HD was found in 1009 (18.75%) dogs. In the period between 2001 and 2009 there was a visible trend of a reduction in the number of dogs with dysplasia. There was a signifi cant difference (P<0.05) between 2001 on the one hand and 2005 and 2006 on the other. In ...

Diagnosis, prevention, and management of canine hip dysplasia: a review

Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 2015

Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a polygenic and multifactorial developmental disorder characterized by coxofemoral (hip) joint laxity, degeneration, and osteoarthritis (OA). Current diagnostic techniques are largely subjective measures of joint conformation performed at different stages of development. Recently, measures on three-dimensional images generated from computed tomography scans predicted the development of OA associated with CHD. Continued refinement of similar imaging methods may improve diagnostic imaging techniques to identify dogs predisposed to degenerative hip joint changes. By current consensus, joint changes consistent with CHD are influenced by genetic predisposition as well as environmental and biomechanical factors; however, despite decades of work, the relative contributions of each to the development and extent of CHD signs remain elusive. Similarly, despite considerable effort to decipher the genetic underpinnings of CHD for selective breeding programs, relevant genetic loci remain equivocal. As such, prevention of CHD within domestic canine populations is marginally successful. Conservative management is often employed to manage signs of CHD, with lifelong maintenance of body mass as one of the most promising methods. Surgical intervention is often employed to prevent joint changes or restore joint function, but there are no gold standards for either goal. To date, all CHD phenotypes are considered as a single entity in spite of recognized differences in expression and response to environmental conditions and treatment. Identification of distinct CHD phenotypes and targeting evidence-based conservative and invasive treatments for each may significantly advance prevention and management of a prevalent, debilitating condition in canine companions. submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com

Efficacy of Triple Pelvic Osteotomy in Canine Hip Dysplasia

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2014

Canine hip dysplasia is an affection which affects the locomotion of the animal very clear and severe. Genetical factors and others (miopathy, painful diseases associated with canine hip dysplasia, neuronal disfunction, exaggerated elasticity of the pectineu muscle) are known to be the cause of the disease. We could also blame the feeding habits for growing puppies. During the growth period, an excess in fatty food can cause a beginning for canine hip dysplasia and other bone diseases. It is know that canine hip dysplasia affects most of the time large breed dogs. In our study we wanted to check the ef icacy of the triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) operation in unilateral canine hip dysplasia grades 3 and 4. We took 5 dog breeds into consideration, with different gender and age, varying from 6 months to 1,3 years. The diagnostic was made observing the clinical signs and X ray indings. For the stabilization of the cut bone segment we used speci ic plates for osteosynthesis with different angles. Post operation, dogs were followed for 10 days and checked for their vital signs as well as local modi ications and started using the affected limb 11 days after the operation.

A radiological study of the incidence of unilateral canine hip dysplasia

Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde, 2005

The authors reviewed pelvic radiographs of 891 dogs in a retrospective study, to determine the incidence of Unilateral Canine Hip Dysplasia (UCHD). Results show that 149 (16.7%) dogs had UCHD. Comparing dogs affected uni-and bilaterally,results show a maximum of 37.6% with UCHD in dogs less than 12 month old, 22.8% in dogs between 12-24 months of age, 25.5% in dogs between 25-72 months and 14.1% in dogs older than 73 months.

Chronology of Hip Dysplasia Development in a Cohort of 48 Labrador Retrievers Followed for Life

Veterinary Surgery, 2012

To determine the chronology of radiographic signs of canine hip dysplasia (CHD), specifically joint laxity and secondary osteoarthritis (OA). Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Animals: Paired littermates, 48 Labrador retrievers. Methods: Conventional, ventrodorsal, hip-extended (HE) radiographs were evaluated yearly for CHD according to the subjective criteria of the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA). PennHIP screening was performed at 2 years of age to assess joint laxity by distraction index (DI). Histopathologic evaluation of coxofemoral joints was performed at the dogs' natural end of life. Results: Coxofemoral subluxation, as identified on the HE radiograph occurred by 2 years of age and not thereafter. Accuracy of OFA-criteria scoring was poor: 55% of dogs scored "normal" at 2 years of age became radiographically dysplastic by the end of life (45% negative predictive value, NPV); 92% of the dogs scored as normal at 2 years of age had histopathologic OA of CHD (8% NPV). The DI predicted all 48 dogs to be susceptible to OA of CHD and 98% had radiographic or histopathologic OA by the end of life. Conclusion: OFA-criteria score was profoundly influenced by environmental factors, such as diet restriction and age, reducing its value as a selection criterion. DI measurements were not influenced by dietary treatment suggesting higher trait heritability. Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) was first described by Schnelle in the mid-1930s 1 and is currently recognized as the most common orthopedic disease of large and giant-breed dogs. Hip dysplasia is a complex disease reflecting a combination of genetic weaknesses and environmental stresses that can promote progressive remodeling and osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip joint. 2 Age, conformational characteristics, and environmental stresses such as diet have been reported to have profound effects on the expression of OA in dogs that are susceptible to CHD. 3-8 It has been shown that keeping dogs lean can delay or minimize the progression and severity of OA. 4, 5, 9-11 It has also been shown that dogs with genetic susceptibility to CHD may not express the OA of CHD until late in life,