Mixed feeding schedule of low and high protein in the diet ofLabeo rohita(Hamilton) fingerlings: effect on growth performance, haemato-immunological and stress responses (original) (raw)
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Evaluationoffermentedfishoffalinformulateddietoftheindian Majorcarp,Rohu,Labeorohita(Hamilton)
2007
Background. Carp fish offal contains high amount of protein and lipid. The quest for protein sources alternative to fish meal has been a priority in aquaculture research because of growing concerns on the future availability of fish meal for incorporation in fish diets. This study determined the extent to which carp fish offal could be fermented and used to replace fish meal in the formulation of diet for fingerlings of Labeo rohita. Materials and Methods. Fish offal, comprising viscera of carp, was fermented along with mustard oil cake and rice bran anaerobically by a microbial suspension (10 8 cells • mL-1) under ambient temperature (27-30ºC). The fermented mixture was mixed with fish meal, mineral-and vitamin mixture to prepare three experimental diets: 1) a reference diet (T1), without any fermentation mixture, containing 40% fish meal, 2) a diet containing 25% fish offal (fermented) and 25% fish meal (T2), and 3) a diet containing 30% fish offal (fermented) and 20% fishmeal (T3). These diets were tested to evaluate growth and biochemical composition of the body of the fingerlings of Labeo rohita and apparent protein digestibility (APD) and intake rate of the diets by the fish. Proximate analysis of feed ingredients, experimental diets, faecal samples and the carcass were performed following the AOAC procedures. Results. Fingerlings of Labeo rohita, reared for 60 days with the diets containing fermented fish offal mixture (T2 and T3), showed higher growth and higher values of protein and lipid in the carcass than those reared with the reference diet (T1). Apparent protein digestibility of the diets did not vary significantly, but average feed intake rate of the T2 and T3 diets were higher than the T1 diet. Conclusions. Fermented fish offal is a viable alternative of fish meal in the formulation of diet for fingerlings of Labeo rohita. Fifty percent replacement of fish meal is possible by a mixture containing 30% fish offal. Further studies are required to improve quality of the fermentation mixture and increase the rate of replacement of fish meal.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2016; 4(3): 507-512
Five West Africa freshwater fishes namely Clarotes laticeps; Distichodus rostratus; Synodontis schall; Schilbe mystus and Hyperopisus bebe from the River Niger, Illushi, in Esan South East Local Government Area of Edo State were analysed to determine their biochemical composition. The fish specimens were purchased at the bank of the river, between June 2006 and January 2007. They were put in an iced box and immediately transported to the laboratory where routine body measurement and biochemical analysis were carried out. The result of the proximate compositions showed protein had a value of 11.29%; 23.59%; 11.79%; 12.95% and 14.10%, while lipid had a value of 5.49; 6.81; 8.80; 5.06 and 6.27. Moisture had a value of 68.81; 64.83; 67.76; 69.00; and 70.5 while ash had a value of 4.99; 3.74; 5.10; 4.29; 5.4 for C laticeps; D rostratus; S. schall; S. mystus and H. bebe respectively. This result shows that taste, size, freshness and other related external appearances should not be the only factors to be considered in making choice for marketing and consumption of fishes. The result obtained in this study has provided scientific information and detailed knowledge of the proximate composition of these five important commercial fish species. Introduction Fish constitutes a major source of protein in our diet. Uboma et al. (1981) [37] , have reported that Nigerians obtain 40% of their animal protein from fish. Fish apart from being important in human diet, its fatty acids are currently under intense scientific investigation because of numerous health benefits attributed to them (Rahman et al. 1995 and Clucas & Sutcliffe, 1981)
2020
A 120 days experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding rate on growth, feed utilization and biochemical parameters of the Labeo rohita, fingerlings with an initial average weight of 58 ± 0.4 gm. The rohu fingerlings were randomly distributed into three treatment groups designated as, T-1, T-2, T-3 with one control (T-0) following completely randomized design (CRD). The fish were fed with iso-nitrogenous (25%) diet at the rate of 3% (T-0), 1% (T-1), 6% (T-2) and 8% (T-3) of their body weight (BW) day-1. Weight gain (%) increased almost linearly with increasing feeding rates up to 6% BW day-1 beyond which no significant (P > 0.05) improvement in weight gain was observed. The specific growth rate (SGR) of rohu fed with 1% BW day-1 recorded 0.97% day-1 and increased significantly upto an average of 1.50% day-1 fed with 6% BW day-1. Feed utilization did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between fish fed at 3% and 6% BW day-1; however, decreased when the rate were...
Effect of Different Dietary Protein Levels on Proximate Composition of Labeo Calbasu from Pakistan
International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 2019
Proximate body composition analysis implies percent composition of moisture, lipids and protein. The aim of the study of to evaluate the effect of the various levels of dietary protein on the body composition of Labeo calbasu. Fish were fed with 15%, 20% and 25% crude protein in diet in treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2) and treatment 3 (T3), respectively. At the end of feeding trial, a total of 120 samples of Labeo calbasu, 40 belonging to each of the three dietary protein treatments were evaluated for proximate body composition. Mean water, ash, fat and protein in wet weigh of L. calbasu were ranged 76.59-77.19%, 3.63-4.68%, 4.08-4.86% and 13.87-15.66%, respectively, in different treatments. Ash and fat percentages were found highest in T1, water parentage was found highest in T2, while mean protein content percentage value was found highest in T3 (25% crude protein). All the body constituents were found to be highly correlated (P<0.001) with the fish size (length and weight) in T1, T2 and T3, except for ash contents in T2 (r = 0.472) and T3 (r = 0.412) showing correlation at P<0.01. Slope (b value) indicated positive correlations in all the relationships between fish size and different constituents. No studies on L. calbasu have yet attempted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein levels on body composition and to relate the size of the fish with the parameters of whole body composition. Thus, this study will provide the first reference from Pakistan.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2024
This study presents a comparative analysis of the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in Indian major carps, specifically Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Catla (Catla catla), under traditional and formulated feeding regimens. Conducted in the West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India, the research involved nine ponds, each spanning 10 acres. Before stocking, optimal pond preparation techniques were utilized, including the application of quick lime, cattle dung, poultry manure, urea, and superphosphate. Fingerlings were introduced at densities of 2500 Rohu (200 grams) and 250 Catla (300 grams) per acre. The study employed various feeding regimes: De-oiled Rice Bran (DORB), Groundnut Oil Cake (GNOC), Cottonseed Cake (CSC), commercial sinking feed, and commercial floating feed, both containing 22% protein and 5% fat. The analysis focused on the FCR of traditional feeding methods compared to commercial feeding strategies. Key metrics evaluated included the average cost of fish production per kilogram and the total protein requirement for producing one kilogram of fish. Results indicated significant variations in FCR and cost-efficiency between traditional and commercial feeding regimens, providing valuable insights for optimizing feeding practices in aquaculture to enhance production efficiency and profitability.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2012
Prior to stocking, all ponds were fertilized with organic and inorganic manures. This application was repeated every two weeks throughout the study period. Supplementary feed containing 35% protein was applied daily at 3% of wet body weight. In trial 1, all the three species gained significantly higher weights with experimental feed (F1) versus control group (F0). There was non-significant difference observed among species. In trial 2, non-significant difference was observed for net weight gain among species and between feeds. The feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein utilization (PU), gross nitrogen retention efficiency (GNRE%) and gross energy retention efficiency (GERE%) were found non-significantly different among species in both trials, except GNRE% in polyculture, where L. rohita showed significantly higher values than its counterparts. No significant difference was observed in body composition and mineral contents among species and between feeds in both trials. In conclusion, all the three fish species performed well under monoculture system with 35% protein diet and showed significantly higher growth than the control, compared to polyculture, without any significant effect on body composition.
Comparative Variation of Biochemical Parameters in Cultural and Natural Fishes (Indian Major Carps)
Protein, carbohydrate and lipid which constitute a major components of the body, play an important role in body construction and energy metabolism. Biochemical composition determines the quality of flesh. Biochemical composition of fish is dependent on species, age, size, sex, environmental factors and most importantly quality of feed and feeding habits. Among the freshwater fishes major carps (Catla catla, Rohu - Labeo rohita and Mrigal - Cirrhinus mrigala). Predominated with its share increasing from 6.9% in 1987 to 85.2% in 1997 The production of rohu was marginally higher with 35%followed by mrigal (32%) and catla (29%). Among the different animal food, fish plays a primary role in human nutrition. The different characteristics of fish flesh, which is almost entirely different from other sources. Provide a unique position to the fish as for as nutrition is concerned. The uniqueness associated with various bio molecules particularly proteins, lipids, carbohydrates make fish a highly nutritious commodity.
Comparative studies on effect of different feed ingredients on growth, sensory attributes and body composition of Labeorohita were conducted in fiber glass tanks having dimensions 12 ft x 4ft x 3 ft (length x width x depth) for a period of 3-months. Labeorohita (n = 10), having average body weight 200±2.33g were stocked in each fiberglass tank and were fed @ 4% of total fish biomass. Plant origin feed ingredients viz. guar meal, soybean meal, cotton seed meal and canola meal were used as treatment diets while fishmeal served as control. Each ingredient was considered as a separate treatment and there were three replicates for each of the treatment and control diets. Statistically significant (P≤0.05) differences were observed in growth, FCR and specific growth rates among treatment and control diets. Weight gain was highest in fish fed with guar meal while the same was lowest for fishmeal diets. Although, there were differences in chemical composition of different feed ingredients however, statistically non-significant differences were observed in sensory attributes of fish flesh and the body composition of fish. Statistically, significant (P≤0.05) variations in mineral content viz. Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu were recorded in fish flesh among treatment and control diets. It can be concluded from present study that plant origin feed ingredients viz. guar meal, soybean meal, cotton seed meal and canola meal can be safely used for feed formulations of herbivorous fish species while guar meal is recommended for better growth performance of Labeorohita.