Effect of Exercise on the Interleukin-10, White Blood Cells and Creatine Kinase in Sportsmen and Sedentaries (original) (raw)
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Plasma Cytokine Changes In Relation to Exercise Intensity and Muscle Damage
European Journal of …, 2005
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exercise intensity and exercise-induced muscle damage on changes in anti-inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Nine well-trained male runners completed three different exercise trials on separate occasions: (1) level treadmill running at 60% _ V O 2 max (moderate-intensity trial) for 60 min; (2) level treadmill running at 85% _ V O 2 max (high-intensity trial) for 60 min; (3) downhill treadmill running (À10% gradient) at 60% _ V O 2 max (downhill running trial) for 45 min. Blood was sampled before, immediately after and 1 h after exercise. Plasma was analyzed for interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-13, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), prostaglandin E 2 , leukotriene B 4 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The plasma concentrations of IL-1ra, IL-12p40, MCP-1 and HSP70 increased significantly (P<0.05) after all three trials. Plasma prostaglandin E 2 concentration increased significantly after the downhill running and high-intensity trials, while plasma IL-10 concentration increased significantly only after the high-intensity trial. IL-4 and leukotriene B 4 did not increase significantly after exercise. Plasma IL-1ra and IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) after the high-intensity trial than after both the moderate-intensity and downhill running trials. Therefore, following exercise up to 1 h duration, exercise intensity appears to have a greater effect on anti-inflammatory cytokine production than exercise-induced muscle damage.
Biology of Sport, 2014
Skeletal muscles are capable of performing two types of contractions distinguished by opposing changes in muscle fibre length: lengthening (in eccentric exercise, ECC) and shortening (in concentric exercise, CONC) [26]. The two types of exercise exert different effects on the metabolism of the working muscles and induce distinct systemic circulatory and endocrine responses [13]. At equivalent absolute work load (WL), ECC involves a smaller demand for oxygen [30], while inflicting a larger damage on the muscle fibres involved [6]. Leukocytes and macrophages that invade the exercise-injured muscles for several hours post-injury [19,24] and reside there for at least 24 h [23] and/or resident macrophages [11] can produce a number of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFa and IL-1β that promote the breakdown of the damaged fibres [5]. Working muscle fibres being the main source of circulating IL-6 during exercise [4,29] may significantly contribute to the resulting
Impact of three different types of exercise on components of the inflammatory response
European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 1999
It was hypothesized that muscle injury would be greater with eccentric than with all-out or prolonged exercise, and that immune changes might provide an indication that supplements the information provided by traditional markers such as creatine kinase (CK) or delayed-onset muscle soreness. Eight healthy males [mean (SE): age = 24.9 (2.3) years, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2(max)) = 43.0 (3.1) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)] were each assigned to four experimental conditions, one at a time, using a randomized-block design: 5 min of cycle ergometer exercise at 90% VO2(max) (AO), a standard circuit-training routine (CT), 2 h cycle ergometer exercise at 60% VO2(max) (Long), or remained seated for 5 h. Blood samples were analyzed for CK, natural killer (NK) cell counts (CD3(-)/CD16(+)56(+)), cytolytic activity and plasma levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). CK levels were only elevated significantly 72 h following CT. NK cell counts i...
2018
Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to explore changes in creatine-kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a variety of recovery modalities following exhaustive exercise in elite soccer players. Materials & Methods: Thirty-male soccer players in Azadegan League (aged 22.4 ± 2 years, height 179.1±2.63 cm, weight 68.5±2 kg and BMI 21.5±1.1) completed one exhaustive exercise protocol of 6 bouts of 15 minutes specific football exercise and 20 m multistage shuttle run (Beep Test) level 7. They were randomly divided into active recovery, passive recovery and cold-water immersions for 15 minutes. To measure CK and CRP levels, a blood sample was obtained immediately, 24 and 48 hours after exercise protocol. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in blood CK and CRP levels after cold-water immersion compared with other recovery modalities. Moreover, CRP level in active recovery group was significantly lower than that in the passive recovery group (P<...
C-Reactive Protein Is Elevated Only in High Creatine Kinase Responders to Muscle Damaging Exercise
Frontiers in Physiology
The purpose of this study was to investigate if exertional rhabdomyolysis induced by an acute bout of plyometric exercise in untrained individuals was associated with histological characteristics of skeletal muscle, creatine kinase (CK) polymorphism or secondary damage. Twenty-six healthy male untrained individuals completed a bout of plyometric exercise (10 sets of 10 maximal squat jumps, with each standardized to achieve at least 95% of individual maximal jump height). Blood samples were taken, and perceived pain was scored immediately before the exercise intervention and 6 h, 1, 2, and 3 days post-intervention. Muscle biopsies were collected 9 or 4 days before (baseline) and 3 days after plyometric jumps. Subjects were divided into two groups, high (n = 10) and low responders (n = 16), based on a cutoff limit for exertional rhabdomyolysis of peak CK activity ≥ 1000 U/L in any post-exercise blood sample. Perceived pain was more severe assessed in squat than standing position. Low responders perceived more pain at 6 h and 1 day, while high responders perceived more pain than low responders on days three and four after exercise; structural (dystrophin staining) and ultra-structural (transmission electron microscopy) analysis of muscle fibers revealed no baseline pathology; damage was evident in all individuals in both groups, with no difference between high and low responders in either damage or fiber type proportion. High responders had significantly higher total white blood cell and neutrophil counts 6 h and significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP) 6 h and days one and two after exercise compared to low responders. High responders had significantly greater muscle myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in baseline and 3 day post-exercise biopsies compared to baseline of low responders. MLCK C49T single polymorphism was present in 26% of volunteers, whose CK responses were not higher than those with MLCK CC or CT genotype. In conclusion, perceived pain is more effectively assessed with potentially affected muscle under eccentric strain, even if static. High CK responders also have pronounced CRP responses to unaccustomed plyometric exercise intervention. Exertional rhabdomyolysis after unaccustomed eccentric exercise may be related to underlying inability to resolve intramuscular MPO.
Creatine Kinase and Blood Lactate on High Intensity Short Period Exercise
International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 2021
High intensity of physical exercise in long period causes muscle damage. Muscle damage in physical exercise can occur due to muscle stretching followed by sarcomere disruption. Muscle damage can be detected by measuring several indicators or markers. Muscle protein efflux during severe physical activities signed by the increase of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and CK (Creatine Kinase). Many studies explained the effect of high intensity physical exercise in long period on muscle damage, but only few studies investigated the effect of high intensity exercise in short period. The purpose of research is to analyze the high intensity short period exercise on blood lactate and creatine kinase serum between elite and non-elite athlete. The post test only group design study was conducted to reach the aims of research. Seventy-five participants involved in this research and they were elite athletes (n=37) and non-elite athletes (n=38). The elite athletes were 24.71 ± 4.753 years old, while the non-elite athletes were 20.19 ± 1.619 years old. All participants perform Running -based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) as a high-intensity short period exercise. The velocity of athletes was calculated for each running track. The blood for lactate level and creatine kinase (CK) measurement was taken as soon as they finished the RAST. The blood lactate level was 6.96 mmol/L (non-elite) and 5.5 mmol/L (elite). The serum level of CK was 241 (non-elite) and 198.8 (elite). Both of elite and non-elite CK level were higher than normal value. There was no difference in blood lactate (p=0.063) and serum level of CK (p=0.241) between elite and non-elite athlete. The conclusion was the blood lactate and CK serum level after high intensity short period increased higher than the normal value. There was not difference between elite and non-elite athletes, suggesting that the elite and non-elite athletes put in the same effort in performing and running the test. The recommendation of this research is that the high intensity short period exercise should be alternatively implemented to avoid muscle damage to athlete.
TheEffect of Aerobic Physical Exercise on immune system andHS- CRP in male athlete and Non-athletes
2012
The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of one session of aerobic exercise on white blood cells species leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocyte, neutrophils, basophile and eosinophil. The subjects were 15 male athlete and 15male non-athlete volunteer men who took part in Bruce standard testvoluntarily. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise. Data analysis was done by dependent and independent t-test. Findings showed that the progressive aerobic exercise caused significant increase inleukocytes(p=0.014), lymphocytes(p=0.492), monocyte(p=0.020), neutrophiles(p=0.0001),basophile(p=0.001) and eosinophil(p=0.182) in athletes but showed no significant alteration in HS-CRP(p=0.465).The progressive aerobic exercise caused significant increase inleukocytes(p=0.001), lymphocytes(p=0.003), monocyte(p=0.036), neutrophils, basophile(p=0.002), eosinophil(p=0.029) in non-athlete group.The comparison of one session aerobic exercise between athletes and n...
Acute Effect of Aerobic Exercise of Different Intensities in Cytokines of University Students
Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte
Introduction: A single exercise training session promotes stimuli for changes in the immune system that are cumulatively considered adaptations to the exercise. Objective: This paper explores the acute effect of different intensities of aerobic exercise on anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory markers in apparently healthy university students. Methods: Eighteen volunteers underwent two sessions of aerobic exercise, the first at 65-70% estimated heart rate (HR), and after seven days, a second session at 80-85% HR. Before and after each session, venous blood was drawn, in order to analyze interleukin (IL) 6 and 10 in a Milliplex Kit. The participants’ level of physical activity was determined using a questionnaire. For statistical comparisons, two-way ANOVA was used for the variables hemodynamics and perceived exertion. The cytokine results were compared through the Student's t-test for repeated measurements. The exclusion criteria were the practice of physical exercise and having...
Exercise on cytokine responses in males and females: Effect of leucine, HMB and BCAA
PurposeTo identify the effects of leucine, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) on post-exercise cytokine responses in females and males.MethodsMales (n=53) and females (n=37) completed 100 drop jumps and consumed either no supplement, leucine (3g/d), HMB (3g/d) or BCAA (4.5g/d) from 1d pre to 14d post-exercise. Muscle soreness, squat jumps, chair rises and creatine kinase (CK) were measured at pre, post, 24h, 48h, 7 and 14d. Blood lactate (pre, post), 10 cytokines (pre, 24h, 48h, 7d) and oestradiol (pre, 7d) were also measured.ResultsWithout supplementation post-exercise, soreness was induced in both males (6-fold) and females (5-fold). With supplementation, there were no increases in CK or oestradiol in females and no impact on muscle soreness, performance, or function in both sexes. In males, CK was elevated in untreated (48%) and leucine (69%) conditions vs baseline, but these were suppressed with HMB and BCAA. IL-7 was elevated in females vs mal...
BIOLOGY OF SPORT, 2005
The aim of this work is to identify the effect of maximal physical exercise on pro-inflammatory cytokines serum concentrations. The study has been carried on 7 endurance-trained athletes, 7 resistance-trained athletes, and 7 untrained subjects. Each subject has undergone two track races up to exhaustion. The first race is a continuous incremental event (VAMEVAL test), the second one is also continuous but with a constant intensity (Time-Limited test). Two blood samples were taken after each test, at rest and immediately after the effort. Results have shown many effects of maximal physical exercise on pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations. Indeed, IL-1β level increased significantly in all groups under the two tests (p=0.018 for al.). The untrained subjects had the lowest concentrations but differences were not statistically significant, and endurancetrained athletes values were more important after the Time-Limited test (p=0.017). Significant increase in circulating IL-6 was also noted after the two events in all subjects (p=0.018). A substantial superiority, in favor of untrained subjects was observed after the incremental event (p=0.017); and no differences were found between athletes. Data were more important after the Time-Limited test at untrained subjects (p=0.028), and at resistance-trained athletes (p=0.018). A substantial correlation between the IL-6 concentration and maximal aerobic speed was observed after the constant intensity exercise test (r=-0.487; p=0.025). A significant changes in TNFα serum concentrations were also found after the two exercise tests in all groups (p=0.018). A significantly differences were noted between endurance-trained athletes and the other two groups (p=0.018 for al.); and no differences were found between resistance-trained athletes and the untrained subjects. In the end of the incremental event, a significant correlation was noted between the TNFα level and maximal aerobic speed (r=-0.562; p=0.008).