Toxicity of Some Essential Oils Constituents against Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae (original) (raw)
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Molecules, 2021
The family Tephritidae (Diptera) includes species that are highly invasive and harmful to crops. Due to globalization, international trade, and human displacement, their spread is continuously increasing. Unfortunately, the control of tephritid flies is still closely linked to the use of synthetic insecticides, which are responsible for detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Recently, research is looking for alternative and more eco-friendly tools to be adopted in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. In this regard, essential oils (EOs) and their main compounds represent a promising alternative to chemical insecticides. EOs are made up of phytoconstituents formed from the secondary metabolism of many plants and can act as attractants or toxics, depending on the dose. Because of this unique characteristic, EOs and their main constituents are promising tools that can be used both in Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs and in the “lure and kill” technique, e...
Essential oils (EOs) extracted from Eugenia caryophyllus, Ocimum basilicum and Thymus vulgaris were evaluated for toxicity against adults of the fruit pest the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). The chemical composition of the EOs was also determined. The EOs of E. caryophyllus and O. basilicum contained primarily phenylpropanoids (77.58% and 72.63%, respectively), which were followed by benzoate esters (10.99%) and sesquiterpenes (6.22%) in E. caryophyllus and monoterpenes (16.65%) in O. basilicum. The EO of T. vulgaris was composed primarily of monoterpene hydrocarbons (89.39%). In ingestion toxicity assays, the EO of E. caryophyllus was the most toxic, with an LC50 of 3529 ppm, followed by the EOs of T. vulgaris and O. basilicum with LC50s of 5347 and 8050 ppm, respectively. At the highest concentration (1.5, 2.0 or 3.5% w/v), 100% mortality was observed with the three EOs in the ingestion toxicity assays. In general, the three EOs were significantly toxic to adult A. ludens. The development of a technology to incorporate the EOs into food bait could provide an alternative method to attract and kill A. ludens in field applications.
The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 2021
Background The uses of botanical pesticides in pest management are currently on remarkable increase due to their efficacy, biodegradability, environment-friendly, and availability. Ethanol extracts of three spices (Piper guineense, Aframomum melegueta, Zingiber officinale) and commercial botanical pesticide AzaSol (6% azadirachtin) were assessed for contact toxicity, residual effects, and for their potential in soil application against pupariating larvae of oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) in the laboratory at ambient temperature of 27 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 75–80%. The extracts and AzaSol were applied at 1:1.5 w/v concentration while cypermethrin was introduced as standard check and applied at 5 ml/liter of water. Results All the treatments were very effective against B. dorsalis in contact toxicity and residual affects recording 89.4–100% larval mortality at 24 h post-application. Z. officinale and cypermethrin had similar contact and residual effects on B. dorsal...
The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 2024
Background Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) poses a significant threat to global fruit production and quality, including in Pakistan, where it causes substantial losses. Traditional control methods have heavily relied on the indiscriminate and imprudent use of insecticides, leading to challenges such as insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, fruit contamination, and health risks. This study explores the insecticidal potential of seven selected botanicals: Artemisia vulgaris L., Capparis spinosa L., Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, Peganum harmala, Eucalyptus globulus, and Callistemon viminalis, each at three different concentrations (10mL, 20mL, and 30mL), against Bactrocera dorsalis (B. dorsalis). Two in vitro experiments involving the application of plant extracts mixed with protein bait and direct spray were conducted. Results Both experimental results demonstrated a direct correlation between the concentration of plant extract and the mortality of B. dorsalis. In the plant extract mixed with protein bait, results recorded after 96 h at 10 mL ranged from 8.
Industrial Crops and Products, 2020
Effective and eco-friendly plant-borne insecticides for developing lure and kill control tools against tephritid flies are scarce. Herein, the activity of four essential oils (EOs) obtained from two Apiaceae, Pimpinella anisum L. and Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague, and two Lamiaceae, Thymbra spicata L. and Ocimum gratissimum L., was evaluated against the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), a key pest of olive groves. The EO chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The four EOs incorporated in protein baits were tested for ingestion toxicity on B. oleae adults, mimicking lure and kill assays. Results showed concentration-dependent toxicity, with mortality rates ranging from 6.5% (P. anisum EO at 0.03% w/v concentration) to 100% (P. anisum EO at 0.5% w/v concentration, T. ammi EO at 1% w/v). The best efficacy was achieved by EOs from T. ammi and P. anisum, showing LC 50 values of 633 ppm and 771 ppm, respectively, far encompassing currently published findings on the ingestion toxicity of EOs on tephritid adults. Thymol (58.3%), p-cymene (24.7%) and γ-terpinene (14.2%), and (E)-anethole (98.3%) were the major constituents of T. ammi and P. anisum EOs, respectively. Thymol (57.0%), p-cymene (12.4%) and γ-terpinene (6.9%), and carvacrol (41.4%) and p-cymene (41.2%) were the predominant components in O. gratissimum and Th. spicata EOs, respectively. Further field research on the efficacy of these EOs incorporated in food baits against the olive fruit fly is ongoing to boost their real-world application, contributing to develop alternative tools for the sustainable management of B. oleae.
Journal of Oleo Science
used to study some human diseases due to conservation in disease causing genes between the two species, with many drugs showing efficacy in D. melanogaster having applications in humans 1. Therefore, D. melanogaster as a model organism is not only valuable as dipteran pest-model, but also can relate to some extent to humans. Apart from being known as volatile oils, essential oils are also referred to as etheric oils. Naturally, they are found in aromatic plants, produced as secondary metabolites, as a mixture of volatile compounds 3. Etheric oils are essential in plant defense system against microorganisms, insects, herbivores and allelopathic interactions 3. They are extracted from plants through distillation which could either be thermal or hydro-distillation. Generally, essential oils consist of several single compounds which together give Abstract: This study reports the biological activity of essential oils from fertility tree and horseradish tree leaves, and the mechanisms by which these oils promote insecticidal activity using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. Adult D. melanogaster were exposed to these essential oils at a final concentration of 10 µL/g for 24 hours. The exposure of flies to the essential oil resulted in significant decrease in their survival and fecundity. In addition, the essential oils produced significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity and induced oxidative stress in the flies as evidenced by an increase in reactive oxygen species, thiol and thiobarbituric reactive substance levels, as well as catalase activity. The essential oils were also characterized by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Constituents such as terpenoids, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, benzeneacetaldehyde, phytol, octadecane, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-methyl ester, heneicosane, eicosane and others were characterized. Therefore, our results point out to the potential application of fertility tree and horseradish tree leaf essential oils as natural alternatives to synthetic insecticides in agricultural and pest control practices, especially against dipterans.
Insects
Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) are filth flies of medical importance, and control of their population is needed. As insecticide applications have resulted in fly resistance, and the exploration of plant essential oils (EOs) has increased against filth flies, this study assessed the combination of EOs with pyrethoids to enhance toxic efficacy. The EOs of five effective plants were screened initially against the house fly (Musca domestica L.). Their chemical constituent was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The main components of Boesenbergia rotunda (Zingiberaceae) rhizome, Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) rhizome, Citrus hystrix (Rutaceae) fruit peel, Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) seed, and Zanthoxylum limonella (Rutaceae) fruit were δ-3-caren (35.25%), β-turmerone (51.68%), β-pinene (26.56%), p-cumic aldehyde (58.21%), and dipentene (60.22%), respectively. The screening test revealed that the three most e...
The potential of botanical essential oils for insect pest control
Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 1997
Today,Insect Pest management (IPM) has to face up to the economic andecological consequences of the use of pest control measures.Fifty years of sustained struggle against harmful insects usingsynthetic and oil-derivative molecules has produced perversesecondary effects (mammalian toxicity, insect resistance andecological hazards). The diversification of the approachesinherent in IPM is necessary for better environmental protection.Among the alternative strategies, the use of
Biological Activities of Essential Oils on Insects
Synthetic pesticides have been considered the most effective and accessible means to control insect pests. However, there is a global concern about synthetic insecticides negative impact on ozone, environmental pollution, toxicity to non-target organisms, and pesticidal residues. The adverse effects of synthetic pesticides have amplified the need for effective and biodegradable pesticides. Essential oils and their constituents have been considered as natural agents against insect pests. Essential oils are renewable, non-persistent in the environment and relatively safe to non-target organisms and humans. This chapter discusses the insecticidal, feeding deterrence, repellency, oviposition and progeny production, growth inhibition and even attractant activities of these compounds to a wide range of insect pests. Results demonstrated that essential oils and their main components could be applicable to the management of insect pests to decrease ecologically detrimental effects of synthe...