Role of Psychological Stressors in Dissociative Phenomenology (original) (raw)
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Universal Journal of Public Health , 2021
Background: Unconscious defenses and dissociative experiences have always been related to stressful life events. A stressful life event has a role to play both in normative and pathological dissociation. These events can be desirable and undesirable and both acute and chronic events can lead to dissociative phenomena Aims: To assess the dissociative experiences and type of stressful life events and also to correlate the events with dissociative disorders. Methodology: A detailed history was obtained along with the application of Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and Presumptive Stressful Life Event Scale (PSLES) to know the type of dissociative experiences and the type of stressors. Their correlation was studied using SPSS-20 software. The scores of dissociative experiences and stressful life events were also calculated to find any relation between the scores and the type of dissociative presentation. Results: The majority of people diagnosed with dissociative disorders were females, although there is no gender difference in the DES scores. The mean age of presentation is 25.21±9.12 years. We found out that any subtype of patients can have any score on DES scale. The PSLES scores did not determine the type of dissociative presentation (subtype). Conclusion: Dissociative experiences are related to stressful events in last year, and it acts as a precipitating factor for people with poor coping mechanisms. The scores do not predict the subtype of dissociation.
Effects of Stressful Life Events on Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders
KYAMC Journal
Background: Somatoform and dissociative disorder categories have emerged from a common root, there was no apparent anatomical and physiological basis and which had a temporal relationship to a precipitating event. Objectives: To evaluate and compare of stressful life events of the patients of somatoform disorders and dissociative disorders. Materials and methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study carried out in the outpatient department of Psychiatry, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College, Sirajganj. The study populations were 100 somatoform disorder and 100 dissociative disorder patients. Data were collected by pre-designed data collection sheet. Then data were edited, cleaned and analyzed. Results: Stressful life events were observed to be significantly more frequent in both the groups. Family conflicts (29%) and sexual problem (16%) were more common in the somatoform disorder group of patients but marital conflict (26%) and death of the close family member (11%) were more c...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Dissociation is understood as one of coping mechanism to deal with intense stressors. Individuals vary widely in their subjective response to a similar stressful event depending on number of factors including their family and social support system. So, authors tried to study the expressed emotion in patients of dissociative disorder along with other socio-demographic factors and its relation with perceived stress.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 100 patients with primary diagnosis of dissociative disorder. Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) was used to assess comorbid Depressive symptoms and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) was used to asses comorbid anxiety symptoms. Perceived stress scale (PSS) was used to assess the perception of stress. Family emotional involvement and criticism scale (FEICS) was used to measure perceived criticism (PC) and intensity of emotional involvement (EI).Results: Mean perceived stress in this study was 2...
Dissociative Phenomenology and General Health in Normal Population
Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 2020
Background: Dissociative symptoms are most commonly found in females and adolescents, and when discussing their background, they can be from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and rural areas. They are always preceded by psychosocial stressors. Dissociative disorders previously known as "hysteria" have been described since antiquity and Hippocrates even hypothesised "wandering uterus" to be the cause for dissociation in females. With the advances in science, there has been shift from these religious and spiritual concepts to a scientific basis for dissociation. Aim: To assess the dissociative phenomenology in normal population and to assess the subjective health in normal population. Methods: A group of 100 (50 females & 50 males) were selected from the community using a snowball sampling technique. Tools: Socio-demographic data sheet, General Health Questionnaire-12 and Dissociative Experience Scale-II were used. Results: The study found that females differ from males in the reporting of subjective health rating (X 2 =5.76, p=0.01) and similar results shown in terms of dissociative phenomenology (X 2 =67.76, p=0.001). Discussion: It has been found that only 4% from the female group and 2% from the male group rated their health under the "normal" category. 52% of females and 64% of males were categorised under "mild ill health" and 24% to 26% were in "moderate ill health", whereas 20% of female participants and 8% of male participants rated their health as "severely ill". In another domain of the study, dissociative phenomenology, 32% of female participants reported severe dissociative symptoms and 38% of male participants also showed similar results. Conclusion: Dissociative disorder significantly affects the population but it is hard to diagnose due to factors such as; cultural factors, socioeconomic factors etc. The study shows clearly that dissociative symptoms are found in the general population also.
Factors that predict scores on the dissociative experiences scale
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1990
recently developed the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), a reliable and valid measure of dissociative experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the DES to other measures of psychopathology and cognitive functioning. Seventy-six female and 43 male university students were administered the DES, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-90), the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Tellegen Absorption Scale (TAS), and the Barnes-Vulcano Rationality Test (BVRT). A standard multiple regression was computed that used the DES as the criterion variable and the HSCL-90, MOCI, TAS, and BVRT as predictor variables. The results showed that 61% of the variance for DES scores could be predicted by three subscales of the HSCL-90 (Phobic Anxiety, Anger-Hostility, Somatization) and the TAS and BVRT. The importance of the relationship between the predictor variables and the DES for understanding dissociative disorders, especially multiple personality disorder, was discussed.
Journal of Psychosocial Well-being
Background: Now a day's stress has been known as a significant health issue, which is also related to morbidity as well as mortality. Because everyone is experienced so many stressful life situations in their life which are more likely to, later on, have many succeeding psychological problems. Objective: To assess the relationship and severity between stressful life events, dissociative phenomenology and subjective mental health rating in the general population.Method: A group of 100 healthy participants from Medical College, Rohtak (Haryana), India was selected on the basis of convenience and snowball sampling techniques. Tools: Socio-demographic datasheet, General Health Questionnaire-12, Dissociative Experience Scale-28 and Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale were used in the present study for obtained the objectives.Results: There is a significant relationship has been seen between depersonalization and education (r=-0.233, p<0.005), absorption and education (r=-0.315...
Dissociative disorder and dissociation - comparison with healthy controls
2009
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to examine if the dissociation, can influence intensity of psychopathology in patients suffering with dissociative disorders compare the level of dissociation of the patients with the data of healthy subjects. METHODS 32 patients suffering with various types of dissociative disorder (9 males and 23 females) and 93 healthy controls (29 males and 64 females) were included into the study. The patients were psychiatrically assessed and the subjective intensity of symptoms was evaluated by Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. All participants were assessed with the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). RESULTS The two groups didn't differ in demographic variables like age, gender and education. Level of the psychological dissociation assessed with the DES was correlated with the severity of subjective anxiety symptoms (p<0.0001), and with the severity of depression symptoms (p<0.0001). Patients had statistically significant hig...
Psychological Dissection of Patients Having Dissociative Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study
Indian journal of psychological medicine
Patients present with dissociative disorders as a decompensation to underlying stressful situation. It is clinically important to evaluate the presence, type, and temporal relation of the stressors resulting in dissociation. Further knowing the sociodemographic and psychological profile of the dissociative patient helps in better management. The study included 55 dissociative patients aged between 5 to 45 years. Psychiatric diagnosis was made using ICD-10 DCR. Psychosocial stressors and stressful life events were assessed using presumptive stressful life events scale/life events scale for Indian children and clinical interview. Personality and temperament traits were assessed using medico psychological questionnaire and temperament measurement schedule, respectively. Intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed using standard progressive matrices and colored progressive matrices. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info 7 software. All patients had significant psychosocial stressors ...
Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 2001
Psychometric aspects of the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II were studied with 308 American community college students. The overall DES mean was 21.70. Item-corrected correlations ranged from .30 to .62. The scale's Cronbach Alpha was .92. There were no significant correlations between DES scores and sex or religiosity. Age was negatively and significantly correlated to DES scores ( r = -.24). A factor analysis showed only a single factor. Descriptive statistics of the DES-T were also presented. We obtained a mean of 13.81 and a Cronbach Alpha of .75. The DES-T was significantly correlated to the rest of the scale ( r = .79), and to the age of the participants ( r = -.22). The findings show that the DES II has good inner consistency.