Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water samples from Mendoza River Basin by HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS (original) (raw)
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Toxics, 2017
This study assessed the concentrations of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in stream water obtained from Asunle stream, an adjoining stream of the Obafemi Awolowo University dumpsite. Water samples were collected for a period of eight months from six different locations comprising of a spot upstream in an uphill area relative to the refuse dumpsite and five others downstream along the stream course. The sampled waters were extracted with dicholoromethane using liquid-liquid extraction method and cleanup was carried out with silica gel. The final extracts after concentration were analyzed using GC-MS/MS. The recovery experiments were adequate (105%-110%). The mean levels of Σ 6 PBDEs compounds analyzed ranged from 0.03 to 0.45 ng/mL. Seasonal variability of PBDEs indicated that higher levels were found during the wet season. The levels of PBDEs recorded in this work were relatively lower compared to the values reported in the literature from other developed nations.
Journal of Chromatography A, 2009
A novel and efficient analytical methodology is proposed for extracting and preconcentrating polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from samples of environmental interest prior gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. It is based on the induction of micellar organized medium by using a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-114) to extract the target PBDEs. To enable coupling the efficient extracting technique with GC analysis, ultrasound-assisted back-extraction (UABE) into an organic solvent was required. Several factors, including surfactant type and concentration, equilibration temperature and time, ionic strength, pH and buffers nature and concentration were studied and optimized over the extraction efficiency of the proposed technique. Under optimal experimental conditions, the target analytes were quantitatively extracted achieving an enrichment factor of 250 when 10 mL aliquot of ultrapure water spiked with PBDE-standard mixture (10 pg mL −1 each PBDE) was extracted. Method detection limits (MDLs) calculated with aqueous PBDEs solutions as three times the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), ranged from 1 to 2 pg mL −1 with RSDs values ≤8.5% (n = 5). The coefficients of estimation of the calibration curves obtained following the proposed methodology were ≥0.9987 and linear range of all PBDEs was 4-150 pg mL −1 . The proposed methodology was validated by carrying out a recovery study by spiking the samples at two different concentration levels of PBDEs (10 and 50 pg mL −1 for waters samples). Recoveries values in the range of 96-106% for water samples were obtained showing satisfactory robustness of the method for analyzing PBDEs in water samples. The proposed methodology was applied for the analysis of PBDEs: 2,2 ,4,4 -tetraBDE (BDE-47), 2,2 ,4,4,5-pentaBDE (BDE-99), 2,2 ,4,4,6-pentaBDE (BDE-100) and 2,2,4,4 ,5,5 -hexaBDE (BDE-153) in water samples, including drinking, lake, river water and soil samples. Significant quantities of PBDEs were not found in the analyzed samples.
Methods for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental samples - review
Journal of Separation Science, 2012
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants. They are used as flame retardants in plastics, paints, varnishes and textile materials. PBDEs pose great risk to the environment because of their high persistence and ability to get into the environment easily due to the lack of chemical bonds with the matrix of materials, to which they are added. Global research studies confirmed the occurrence of those compounds in the majority of elements of water and land environment. Analysis of PBDEs in environmental samples is one of the specific analytical methods of criteria that comprise low detection limits and high selectivity. The analysis of PBDEs in environmental samples is one of the specific analytical methods, in which the main criteria are low detection limits and high selectivity. In this article, a literature review of methods for environmental sample preparation and analysis of the PBDE content was presented. The article discusses the potential of modern extraction techniques such as: solid-phase microextraction, single-drop microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, microwave-assisted extraction, cloud point extraction, hollow fibre-liquid phase microextraction and others for the separation of PBDEs from environmental samples with a complex matrix. Among the methods for qualitative and quantitative determination of PBDEs, a particular focus was put on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with various injection techniques and different types of sample ionisation.
2021
The concentrations, potential sources, and compositional profile of PBDEs in the surface water and sediment of Nahoon Estuary, East London, South Africa, were investigated with solid-phase extraction and ultra-sonication, respectively, followed by gas-chromatography-electron capture detection. The seasonal range of the contaminants’ concentrations in water and sediment samples in spring season were ƩPBDE 329 ± 48.3 ng/L (25.32–785 ng/L) and ƩPBDE 4.19 ± 0.35 ng/g dw (1.91–6.57 ng/g), but ƩPBDE 62.1 ± 1.50 ng/L (30.1–110 ng/L) and ƩPBDE 65.4 ± 15.9 ng/g dw (1.98–235 ng/g) in summer, respectively. NH1 (first sampling point) was the most contaminated site with PBDE in the Estuary. The potential source of pollution is attributed to the stormwater runoff from a creek emptying directly into the Estuary. This study's dominant PBDE congener is BDE- 17, ranging from below detection limit to 247 ng/L and 0.14–32.1 ng/g in water and sediment samples, respectively. Most commonly detected at...
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology , 2021
This study was set to determine the levels and spatial distribution of selected PBDEs in sediments of Nairobi River during the four seasons experienced in Nairobi. Sediment samples were collected from nine sites along the river and analyzed for brominated diphenyl ethers 28, 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183 using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. The mean concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers residue in sediment samples ranged between 134.70±3.07 to 24386.13±207.22 ng/Kg. The high mean concentration of PBDEs in the river sediments indicates that anthropogenic activities along the Nairobi River basin have contributed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers contamination of the river sediment posing a potential risk to aquatic organisms that inhabit the river.