Analysis and Modelling of the Structural Components of the Elbow Joint (original) (raw)

Modelling and analysis of biological joints of a human arm in different movements

In the present work, irregular complex joints of the human arm are modelled in the computer aided design environment. Accurately the geometric models of the joints and surrounding bony regions are developed from computed tomography data set and the range of movements are analysed. In this present work, biological joints are approximated into the mechanical joint without losing any kinematic behaviour and degrees of freedom. Then the analysis is done to determine the importance of joint geometries with different loading and boundary conditions. The present study helps to predict the behavior of joint configuration in the design stage. 1. INTRODUCTION Human arm is a structure that can perform numerous operations without any complexity. Researchers across the globe are studying the best possible methods to mimic it. The full resemblance of the human arm development is still a daunting challenge. Human arm properties, load carrying capacity and stresses is too studied for various purposes. It can be applied to the design of the prosthesis and surgical simulation. Mechanics related to biology, uses the principles of mechanics for solving problems associated with the structure and function of living organisms. It is the science that deals with forces and their effects, applied to biological systems. In order to design and develop the biomimetic human arm, the study of the mechanics of the human arm is important. Advantages and limitations of primary imaging modalities that make use of in different applications include, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical microscopy, micro CT, etc. described [1]. The kinematics and dynamics of the human arm and to provide the engineering specification to facilitate the design of a seven degree of freedom powered exoskeleton. The results indicate that the various joint kinematics and dynamics change significantly based on the nature of the task [2]. Flexion/extension and pronation/supination moment arms of the brachioradialis, biceps, brachialis, pronator teres, and triceps were calculated from measurements of tendon displacement and joint angle in two anatomic specimens and were estimated using a computer model of the elbow joint [3]. A computer modelling technique for predicting passive elbow flexion, extension range of motion based on impingement of bony geometry [5]. Computational model of the elbow and forearm behavior was dictated to develop and validate [6]. The kinematics and morphological data used to produce the 3D animated models from the experimental data [7]. Mechanical behavior of 42 fresh human cadaver lumbar motion segments in flexion, extension, lateral bending and torsion is examined for different loading conditions [4]. In the present work, irregular complex three dimensional human arm is modeled using the CAD software's, the biological joint were approximated into the mechanical joint without losing any kinematic behaviour and DOF.

Analysis of muscles' behaviour. Part II. The computational model of muscles' group acting on the elbow joint

Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics / Wrocław University of Technology, 2010

The purpose of this paper is to present the computational model of muscles' group describing the movements of flexion/extension at the elbow joint in the sagittal plane of the body when the forearm is being kept in the fixed state of supination/pronation. The method of evaluating the muscle forces is discussed in detail. This method is the basis for the quantitative and qualitative verification of the proposed computational model of muscles' group. Applying this computational model, the forces of real muscles belonging to the muscles' group can be evaluated without using any optimization technique.

A model of the flexion — Extension motion in the elbow joint — Some problems concerning muscle forces modelling and computation

Journal of Biomechanics, 1996

This paper represents an application of a general approach for modelling and mathematical investigation of the human upper limb considered in a previous paper (Raikova, 1992, J. Biomechanics 25, 857-867). Six ways of modelling the muscle force in a plane are suggested and compared to each other. A model of the flexion-extension motion in the elbow joint is proposed, which includes two extensor muscles and three flexor muscles. An optimization task is formulated and solved analytically using the Lagrange multipliers method with an objective function dependent on the n-th power of the muscle forces moduli: &PiI" (n > 1). The influence of a set of parameters (the power n in the objective function, the weight coefficients ci, the lever arms of the modelled muscle forces, an external force applied to the forearm) on the predicted muscle forces and on the joint reaction is investigated. The results demonstrate that strictly positive and continuous solutions for all muscle forces (for synergistic muscles, also for the antagonistic ones) may be simultaneously predicted if the coefficients Ci are properly chosen.

Biomechanical multibody model with refined kinematics of the elbow

The overall objective of this study is to develop a new external fixator, which closely maps the native kinematics of the elbow to decrease the joint force resulting in reduced rehabilitation time and pain. An experimental setup was designed to determine the native kinematics of the elbow during flexion of cadaveric arms. As a preliminary study, data from literature was used to modify a published biomechanical model for the calculation of the joint and muscle forces. They were compared to the original model and the effect of the kinematic refinement was evaluated. Furthermore, the obtained muscle forces were determined in order to apply them in the experimental setup. The joint forces in the modified model differed slightly from the forces in the original model. The muscle force curves changed particularly for small flexion angles but their magnitude for larger angles was consistent.

Using computer-aided techniques in the dynamic modeling of the human upper limb

Wseas Transactions on Computers, 2008

The wide mobility of human body leads to the necessity of modeling the osteoarticular system as a mechanism with a large number of degrees of freedom. Dynamic modeling of osteoarticular system is necessary because the exertion of various actions and natural physiological movements are essentially dynamic. Very often we use a simplified model because the phenomena produced are so complex that accurate mathematical reproduction is practically impossible. A dynamic model must provide a good estimate of total weight and mass distribution as well as transmissibility and amortization proprieties for bones, muscles, joints, blood and skin. The paper presents a dynamic functional model considering the human upper limb as a mechanic system with 5 degrees of freedom in the case the segments are moved by their own weight forces. The bones and the muscles were modeled in Solid Works, the model of the upper limb obtained being very close as form to the real one. Based on this model, the calculus of mass proprieties was made. The differential equations of motion obtained were solved using Lagrange formalism. 1 2 1 q J q J q J q J q J E

New methods for the simulation with finite element of the human elbow

2010

In this paper one presents on virtual models of bones the cinematic and dynamic analysis of the human elbow with the analysis of finite elements. The model is made in Solidworks then is imported in Visual Nastran for the analysis. Then we study the cinematic and dynamic simulation of the bio-system elbow articulation for the movement of deflection-extension with the presentation of different graphics of the ulna. It is studied also for the humerus bone the tension and stress between intervals of 0.1 0, 2 seconds. The results showed that the virtual bone has a great capability to predict the moments of fracture apparition with application to future researches. Keywords— Bio-system fracture, flexion-extension, human elbow, tension. I. THE METHOD DESCRIPTION To obtain the bone cross sections were used a PHILIPS AURA CT tomography installed in the Emergency Hospital from Craiova (Figure 1). Fig.1 The PHILIPS AURA CT tomography Manuscript received April 10, 2010. R. Lungu is with the Uni...

Development of Forearm Models Based on Human Musculoskeletal System

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 2009

The human forearm with elbow joint has two degrees of freedom of motion. Especially it is noticed that the wide range for the rotation of the forearm (pronation-supination) is attained according to the sophisticated complexity of the human forearm with elbow joint. The elucidation of its movement mechanism is useful for the functional evaluation for the medical treatment and application to the welfare devices for the upper limb. The purpose of this study is to develop the arm model that functionally mimics the musculoskeletal system of the human forearm with elbow joint. In this paper, we made a physical model and the computational models, which replicate the bionic function of the forearm with elbow joint. By estimating the moment arms in a physical model, the mobility of the simplified physical model was evaluated. In the three-dimensional computational forearm bone models different in the geometry, the beneficial property of the centroidal lines of the bones was confirmed to extend the range of motion for the pronation-supination.

The Mathematical Model of the Human Arm

2018

This paper concentrate on the kinematics and dynamics analysis of human upper arm and extends it to the human manipulator. Kinematics is the study of motion without regard to the forces that create it. The representation of the hand position and orientation through the geometries of arm (joint and link parameters) are called direct kinematics. Using forward kinematics, the mathematical model is developed to compute the position and orientation of arm based on the given human joint position. Each human joint is considered as revolute joint. Dynamics of the arm refers to the interaction between forces in the system and change of state of the system. Based on the dynamic equation of motion of the arm non-linear and linear model of human upper arm has been defined. The presented model of arm motion has been derived using the Euler-Lagrange equation. In this paper the results of a simulation of the proposed model are presented.

Analytical Model of Human Body Joints

The joints in the human body are described using application-oriented computer language. They are based on computer-generated analytical equations of limbs and computer programs for exploration and simulation of movements, making prosthesis and estimation of mobility, definition of biomechanical parameters of human motions, control and regulation of computer-aided motion of invalids, design of supervisor control of mechanisms.