A Systematic Review of the Role of Robotics in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-From Inception to the Future (original) (raw)
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Robotics in plastic surgery, a review
European Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2012
Robotic surgery is an emerging technology that is conquering the surgery field by storm. It has found solid applications in general surgery, gynecological surgery, vascular surgery, and especially in urology and cardiothoracic surgery. Its application is however restricted in the various fields of plastic surgery. There is no doubt that robots have a potential to become an important toll in reconstructive plastic surgery, but the extent of their use in aesthetic surgery is constrained. A review of the literature showed that several centers are currently using surgical robots for reconstructive and microsurgery. Robotic surgery is feasible and technically advantageous, though very costly. There is a paucity of data however concerning the long-term benefits of robotics versus conventional techniques, and none regarding aesthetic surgery applications. We strongly believe that, without ignoring the tremendous potential benefits of robotic technology in many fields of plastic surgery, no machine, no matter how sophisticated it is, will ever succeed at replacing the artistic sense, feeling, and touch necessary to achieve beauty with harmonious proportions.
Application of Robotics in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery: Literature Review
out instructions and perform complicated tasks usually done by people". (World English Dictionary) 1 A robot is a powered device that is computer-controlled manipulator and has artificial sensing. This can be reprogrammed in order to move and position the tools so that a wide range of functions can be carried out. 2 The term "robot" was derived in 1921 from Czech robota which meant slave labour and was introduced by the playwright Karel Capek. He introduced them in satirical drama 'Rossum's Universal Robots'. In this drama, the robots were created to do the banal work, whereas man was free to carry out more creative works. The robotic technology has become widely developed after this first fictionalized introduction of robots by Karel Capek. 3 Later, in 1938, the term "robotics" was first coined by Isaac Asimov. He coined it in one of the short stories "Runaround" that was published in the magazine named 'super science stories'. This was followed by the stories where the robots were shown to have conflicts with the human masters. This collection was published in the year 1942 under the title 'I Robot'. 3 laws for the robot behavior were described by him: 1 i. A robot may not cause any harm to humans or through inaction allow to come to harm. ii. A robot should follow the orders that are given to it by the humans except in cases where doing so will conflict with the 1 st law. iii. Robot should take care and protect and its own existence. It should be done as long as the 1 st and the 2 nd laws are not conflicted. Kwoh et al, in 1985, introduced the first surgical robot. Since then, their development in order to provide more accuracy and efficiency during surgeries has been slow but steady. According to O, Malley and Weinstein et al, Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) have a potential for the management of tumors of upper aerodigestive tract. Further, they have stated that their use in humans is also safe. 4
International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2012
A systematic review of the literature concerning robotic surgery in oral and maxillofacial (OMF), craniofacial and head and neck surgery was performed. The objective was to give a clear overview of the different anatomical areas of research in the field of OMF, craniofacial and head and neck surgery, in all its fields (pre-clinical and clinical). The present indications are outlined and the critical reader is invited to assess the value of this new technology by highlighting different relevant parameters. A PubMed and Cochrane library search yielded 838 papers published between 1994 and 2011. After screening the abstracts, 202 articles were considered clinically or technically relevant and were included. These full papers were screened in detail and classified as articles on synopsis (n=41), educational aspects (n=3), technical/practical aspects (n=11) and clinical papers (n=147). Regarding clinical feasibility this systematic review revealed the following main indications: transora...
Current Limitations of Surgical Robotics in Reconstructive Plastic Microsurgery
Frontiers in surgery, 2018
Surgical robots have the potential to provide surgeons with increased capabilities, such as removing physiologic tremor, scaling motion and increasing manual dexterity. Several surgical specialties have subsequently integrated robotic surgery into common clinical practice. Plastic and reconstructive microsurgical procedures have not yet benefitted significantly from technical developments observed over the last two decades. Several studies have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of utilising surgical robots in plastic surgery procedures, yet limited work has been done to identify and analyse current barriers that have prevented wide-scale adaptation of surgical robots for microsurgery. Therefore, a systematic review using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases was performed, in order to evaluate current state of surgical robotics within the field of reconstructive microsurgery and their limitations. Despite the theoretical potential of surgical robots, current ...
Annals of Surgery, 2004
Objective: To review the history, development and current applications of robotics in surgery.
Chapter-29: Overview of Robotic Surgery and its Implication
Overview of Robotic Surgery and its Implication, 2021
Many advanced surgical systems are currently used to perform robotic surgery, a unique set of technologies that includes specialized "arms" for holding instruments and a camera, as well as a magnified screen and a console. When a doctor informs a client that surgery is
Transoral robotic surgery: A contemporary cure for future maxillofacial surgery
Objective: The aim of the present study was to conduct a critical literature review on transoral robotic surgery (TORS) to highlight the development, surgical set up, advantages and disadvantages, applications and outcomes of TORS in anatomic sites concerning a maxillofacial surgeon. Various resection tools employed in TORS were also studied. Materials, methods and results: The review was not conducted like a meta-analysis but was an overview of the selected topics. Electronic databases, primarily PubMed and Science direct, were referred to identify relevant studies published in English language between January 1990 and August 2015 using text words transoral robotic surgery and robot-assisted surgery. The publications included case reports and series, preclinical and clinical researches and review articles. Discussion: Oral and maxillofacial surgeons today are increasingly getting involved in management of head and neck cancers and maxillofacial reconstructions. TORS, recent biomedical engineering advancement , is finding increasing application in these fields, particularly in maxillofacial oncology. It features use of a surgical robot to gain conservative access into pharyngolaryngeal surgical sites via oral cavity rather than employing more radical approaches. Potential advantages include better visualization and access to surgical sites via minimal invasion. With this technique, it is possible to overcome severe mor-bidities secondary to loss of large volumes of muscular tissue and organs associated with open surgery, thereby improving functional, cosmetic and oncologic outcomes. Conclusion: TORS provides a novel treatment option to oral and maxillofacial surgeons for treating patients chiefly suffering from oropharyngeal cancer and obstructive sleep apnea.