The Islamic Halal Life in the Thought of Ghazzali (original) (raw)
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Rethinking Halal: Critical Perspective on Halal Markets and Certification
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Etymologically, Halal means 'permitted'. Looked at logically, everything should be considered as permitted unless or until proven otherwise. However, halal today pervades the life of most Muslim societies, for many reasons. Religiously, it corresponds to what many Muslims consider as the good performance of their beliefs. Economically, it creates new opportunities for business. Politically, it corresponds to times in which identity issues became paramount. Socially, it relates to the need to cope with new realities without losing one's right to define the norms of the community. Legally, it is linked to the framing of 'traditional' norms in modern terms and categories. The outcome is that nowadays, the principle has been inverted and everything is taken as non-halal until proven otherwise. A no-trust principle is assumed and nothing can be accepted until certified as halal by a relevant body. The phenomenon of halal is part of a process of 'positivisation' that directly affected Islam and Islamic normativity, often called the shariʿa. In a continuum stretching from the most local to the most global, and from the legal to the technical and quasi-managerial, we can illustrate the many forms taken by this positivisation process, In its first stage, this process resulted in the transformation of the shariʿa into 'Islamic law', that is, in a hierarchical, comprehensive, codified, state-centred, and unified system of positive rules of law. The example of the 2000 law governing khul' divorce in Egypt is paradigmatic of the transformation of the fiqh into Islamic law, that is, a norm originating from Islamic sources interpreted according to the procedures and standards of positive law. Another illustration can be drawn from the lawmaking process, which in many Muslim-majority countries included the shariʿa or the fiqh in constitutions as sources of legislation, showing that nowadays, the components of the shariʿa must be spelled out in the constitutional text in order to become legally meaningful and consequential within the realm of positive law. The arena of international law, e.g. several rulings of the European Court of Human Rights, can also prove illustrative, since it shows how courts do not refer to the shariʿa-per se, but to the shariʿa made-into-positive-law. A last illustration, that of the ruling of the International Criminal Court in the Al-Mahdi case, illustrates how the Islamic normativity, while being both reified and positivised, is at the same time made illegitimate with respect to international and globalised legal standards. In its second stage, the process of positivisation created and affected other types of norms. These include technical and managerial norms, which have had a deep and global impact on the governance of contemporary societies. This holds true for norms inspired by Islam and Islamic doctrine which, through this positivisation movement, were reconceptualised and transformed. Within a framework of normative hyper-densification of social life, the use of such technical and managerial norms, taking the form of indicators and standards, complements or conflicts with legal norms. Islamic finance is a first example. While the justification for the search for a specifically Islamic form of financing is derived from Muslim jurists' opinion that revenue is only considered legitimate if it is derived from a real sharing of the risks that have enabled the revenue to be generated, it has led to Islamic financial institutions offering a variety of products
Halal Products: Not Restricted to Food and its Marketing Opportunity in the Muslim World
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Halal refers to methods of producing goods & services in the manner allowed by Shariah or Islamic law, which invest besides food preparation and food products but also encompasses the production of pharmaceutical, Cosmetics, Garments & fashion, Tourism Practices and also services like tourism, finance & banking and many more. Halal not only a religious observance and obligation for Muslims but also has emerged as a powerful market force alike both for Muslims and non-Muslims, so gained an increasing acceptance among Muslims along with non-Muslim consumers. Halal is becoming a global symbol of a lifestyle choice and quality assurance choice has promoted values as economic and social justice, earth stewardship, social responsibility, and animal welfare have gained interest which is beyond religious compliance. The global halal market is 1.7 billion consumers and worth almost US$ 2.3 trillion. This paper has focused on items Muslims are using other than food.
The Halal Industry from a Shariah Perspective
The halal industry is still in its early stages of development, and efforts to chart the way forward in compliance with Islamic principles are desirable and necessary. As with Islamic banking in the early years, this industry has also been largely driven by market demands and realities. It would be advisable to enrich the achievements of the halal industry with research efforts that advance a better understanding of Islamic principles and the scientific knowledge relevant to our concerns. The article begins with a review of evidence in the Qur’an and hadith on the halal or mubah. , and then proceeds to address the haram. The later part of the article covers the reprehensible (makruh) and the recommendable (mandub) respectively, as well as fiqh and the relationship between Islam and science.
The Concept of Maqāṣīd Al-Syarī'Ah Al-Ghazali as a Halal Industry Development Perspective
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This study aims to analyze the development of the halal industry based on <em>maqāsīd sharia</em>, especially according to al-Ghazali. This study is carried out within the framework of literature research (library research). Data is collected from various publications in the form of books, journal articles, research reports, websites, and other documents that support the study. The data obtained were analyzed using content analysis method. From the presentation of data and discussion, it can be concluded that the concept of <em>maqā</em><em>ṣ</em><em>īd al-syarī'ah</em> al-Ghazali is suitable as a basis or guideline for the development of the halal industry. Based on the <em>Maqā</em><em>ṣ</em><em>īd al-syarī'ah</em> al-Ghazali, the halal industry is developed to meet the needs of <em>dharuriyyah, hajiyyah, tahsiniyyah</em>, which make religion, soul, mind, descent and property as...
Halal Certification: an international marketing issues and challenges by
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Marketing of products and services in the Muslim countries presents a very challenging task to multinational companies (MNC) due to the difference in political, economy and socio-cultural aspects. At the same time, MNC could not “avoid ” targeting Muslim countries as their source of expansion as these countries represent almost 20 % of the world’s population. Furthermore, this figure is expected to increase to 30 % by 2025. One of the most important concepts in Islam is the concept of halal, which means “permissible. ” Halal covers the aspects of slaughtering, storage, display, preparation, hygiene and sanitation. It covers food as well as non-food category of products. Given the speed of trade globalization, the advancement in science and technology, and the on-going initiatives to simplify manufacturing processes, it is essential that the halal concept be fully understood by marketers. This paper discusses the marketing challenges in dealing with the halal issue. It makes referenc...
Product-centric halal business: a critique from an Islamic perspective
Journal of Islamic Marketing, 2020
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of the understanding of the halal business from an Islamic perspective. Business use of the Quranic and fiqhi word halal is now conspicuous because of the penetration of halal product ideas not only into the food products but also into the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, leisure and entertainment industries. Design/methodology/approach This paper evaluates the Islamic authenticity of the prevailing halal business initiatives. Toward this evaluation, explains the frame of reference and shows the Islamic ethical excellence of business enterprises. This framework is based on the Quranic injunctions and instructions regarding usury (riba), intoxicants (khamr), trade with mutual consent (taradim minkum) and trading during Friday prayer (Jumuah), which have direct or indirect implications for the management of business enterprises. Then, it describes and evaluates two cases, namely, halal chicken and Sharīʿah-compliant hotel. Materi...
Intention To Halal Products In The World Markets
It is in the realm of business and trade, and it is becoming a global symbol for quality assurance and lifestyle choice. Halal products are those that are Shariah compliant, i.e. do not involve the use of haram (prohibited) ingredients, exploitation of labor or environment, and are not harmful or intended for harmful use. The realm of halal may extend to all consumables such as toiletries, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and services including finance. Halal is a typical credence process attribute, i.e. a quality characteristic that can hardly be evaluated or ascertained by the individual consumer, even upon or after consuming the food. Nowadays, Muslims are making their presence felt socially and politically and are requesting halal-certified food products. Currently, a certain degree of assurance is provided by halal certification of halal products. There are two types of halal certificates, and their duration depends on the type of food or beverage. Any individual Muslim, Islamic organization or agency can issue a halal certificate, but the acceptability of the certificate depends upon the country of import or the Muslim community served through such certification. With the complexity of manufacturing systems and the utilization of all animal by products, any product consumed by Muslims may be certified, whether the product is consumed internally or applied to the body externally. The halal certification process starts with choosing an organization that meets the needs for the markets to be serviced. The halal logo is an authoritative, independent and reliable testimony to support halal food claims. This conceptually-based paper critically reviews and amalgamates a diverse range of literature concerning Islamic rules. The way that organizations issue halal certificates for halal producers and use of the halal logo on products. In addition, the paper utilizes necessary religion sources and legal documents. The halal concept (especially for foods) is truly from the farm to the table, and requires nutritious items prepared from permissible ingredients in a clean and hygienic manner. Muslim consumers are very similar to any other consumer segments, demanding healthy and quality products, which must also conform to Shariah requirements. Halal certificate can play an important role to assure consumers that the product has got the necessary conditions of halal product.
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