Examination of tooth shade in relation to age and gender (original) (raw)
Related papers
Evaluation of tooth shade in a selected sample of patients visiting the oral and dental hospital
2016
Background: Aesthetics is an important aspect of modern day dentistry. Shade selection is one of the primary determinations for achieving good aesthetics in restorative dentistry. Shade selection has three parameters, namely value, chroma and hue. These can be determined by using either visual or instrumental shade guides. Previous publications have shown that teeth become darker with advancing age. 1 some studies suggest that tooth value and skin colour may be inversely related. People with medium to dark skin tones have lighter teeth; those with lighter skin tones have darker teeth. 2 However, other studies have found no correlation between skin tone and tooth shade. 3,4 there are no studies relating tooth shade to tooth number ;sex; skin tone; age and gingival pigmentation and smoking habits. Objectives: The objectives of this study were the following: To assess differences in tooth shade between the maxillary central incisor (11) and maxillary canine (13); between the mandibular central incisor (41) and the mandibular canine (43); between the maxillary central incisor (11) and mandibular central incisor (41) and between the maxillary canine (13) and the mandibular canine (43). To establish if there are any differences in the shades of teeth 11, 41, 13, and 43, and whether sex or age influenced the shade in any way. To determine if there is any correlation between the shades of teeth 11, 41, 13, 43 and patients' skin tone, gingival pigmentation (non-pigmented, focal, diffuse) or smoking habits. vi Methods: The study sample comprised of 500 dental patients of which 305 were females and 195 were males. Their ages ranged from 18 to 81 years. These patients were divided into two age groups. Group one consisted of 291 patients, who were 35 years old and younger, Group two consisted of 209 patients older than 35 years of age. Their sex, skin tone (light, medium or dark), gingival pigmentation (non-pigmented, focal or diffuse) and smoking habits were recorded. The tooth shade of the middle third of the maxillary central incisor (11), maxillary canine (13), mandibular central incisor (41) and the mandibular canine (43), were taken, using the Vita Lumin Vacuum Shade Guide, Vita Linear 3 D-Master guide, as well as the spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade Compact). Skin tone was recorded by using a specially designed skin tone guide; the skin tone of the inner aspect of the arm of the patient was recorded. The degree of gingival pigmentation was assessed by visual examination of the attached gingiva of the anterior part of the maxilla and mandible. Results: The results of this study indicate that the central incisors had a lighter value than the canines, but there was no difference in value between the maxillary central and mandibular central incisors. The maxillary canine was found to be darker than the mandibular canine. A statistically significant relationship was found between tooth value and the patient's age, sex and skin tone. There was no significant relationship between gingival pigmentation and tooth value for the maxillary central incisor 11. However, there were significant relationships between tooth values for teeth 13, 41, and 43 and gingival pigmentation. There was also no significant relationship between the tooth values for teeth 13 or 43 with smoking vii habits of the patients, although there was a significant relationship between teeth 11 and 41 with the patients' smoking habits. Conclusion: The central incisor was lighter than the canine in both the mandible and the maxilla. The mandibular canine (43) was, however, lighter than the maxillary canine (13). There was a significant relationship between the age of patients and tooth value; older adults had darker and more yellow teeth than younger patients. Generally females had significantly lighter and less reddish teeth than males. There was a significant relationship between skin tone and tooth value in that lighter skin tone patients had darker teeth value while those with darker skin tone had lighter teeth value. Gingival pigmentation showed no association with the value of the maxillary central incisor (11), but was associated with lighter values for the maxillary canine (13), mandibular central incisor (41) and mandibular canine (43). Smoking darkened the incisor teeth, but had little or no effect on the value of canine teeth.
SciDoc Publishers, 2021
Aim: Tooth shade selection is critical for estheticrehabilitation of smile. Tooth shade varies with racial origin and this in turn is influenced by various factors such as age, gender and skin colour. To evaluate the tooth shade in Indian population and its correlation with age, gender, skin colour. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 100 individuals in the age group of 18-70 years. Among them 36 were males and 64 were females. The tooth shade of the patient was evaluated among Indian population using Vitapan classic shade guide. Age and gender of the patient were noted. Skin colour of the patient was recorded according to Fitzpatrick classification of skin colour. The recordings were tabulated and the results were calculated. The statistics was done using SPSS software. Results: In the study population, people aged between 21-40 years most commonly had A2 shade (41.3%), 41-60 years had A3 shade (27.6%), and people more than 60 years had A3.5 shade (50.0%). A2 shade was the most common shade found in both males (25%) and females (34.4%).Population with Type I,II,IV,V skin tone have A2 shade (50%,36.4%,30%,26.7%respectively). Only age (p = 0.002)and gender (p = 0.018) were found to have the significant correlation with the tooth shade. There was no significant correlation found between skin colour and tooth shade (p=0.595). Conclusion: The study showed that the most common tooth shade for population between <=20 years, 21-40 years, 41-60 years and >60 years was B1, A2,A3 and A3.5 respectively. A2 was found to be the most common teeth shade both in males and females. Individuals with Type I,II,IV,V skin colour had A2 as the most common tooth shade.
Differences of Tooth Colorimetric Parameters L*a*b* Depended on Age
Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences, 2017
The study aimed to analyse differences in colourimetric parameters L*a*b*, depended on age. In this study were included 255 subjects with age interval from 20 to 49 years. The subjects were divided into three groups, as follows: in the younger group were 20 to 29 years of age, those in the middle group 30 to 39 years and older group 40 to 49 years. The overall number of analysed teeth in the intercanine sector of the maxilla was 2295. The colour of the teeth was measured using the spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade. The results for differences in the colourimetric parameters in relation with age were tested with Pearson Chi-square (χ). For χ= 572, 87 and df = 124 there was a statistical significant difference between the ages P < 0.001. In this study, it was concluded that the parameter L* - Lightness was decreasing when age increased. In the age group, 20 to 29 years L* was 83.2, whereas in the older group of this investigation; 40 to 49 years was 79.4. In the youngest group, the ...
Changes of tooth color in middle and old age: A longitudinal study over a decade
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2017
Material and Methods: Sixty-one participants with 106 upper central incisors were subjected to baseline and follow-up examinations (YC: n 5 46/OC: n 5 15). International Commission on Illumination color coordinates of 1 or 2 unrestored test teeth for each participant were recorded by use of a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade 1) during both measurement times. Changes of color coordinates during the study period were evaluated by use of generalized linear mixed models with the variable "participant" as random effect. DE ab and E 2000 color differences were calculated between baseline and follow-up. Results: Significant changes in color coordinates were observed, with the exception of lightness in OC. The direction of the changes depended on the cohort. A decrease of lightness (value) was observed in YC (DL 5 4.0; P < .001) whereas in OC chroma increased (DC 5 23.3; P < .001). For both groups, a significant shift to more reddish tooth colors was observed. In almost all cases, color differences between baseline and follow-up exceeded the 50:50 acceptability thresholds for color differences (DE 5 2.7) in both YC (90%) and OC (80%). Conclusions: For both quinquagenarians and septuagenarians, clinically relevant changes in tooth color were observed after a decade; these could affect the long-term success of prosthetic restorations in terms of a satisfactory color match between natural teeth and dental prostheses. In contrast with the findings of cross-sectional studies, the changes were partially age-group-specific. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tooth color can change over a decade. When fixed dental prostheses are planned, one should consider that changes of tooth color could lead to mismatch between a restoration and adjacent teeth during the period in clinical service.
Journal of Physics, Conference Series, 2018
The increasing esthetic-related concerns of edentulous patients, especially concerning denture color, are a challenge for dentists and prosthodontists. Yet, there are no studies assessing anterior teeth in order to determine more esthetically appealing tooth colors. The limited information that is used to determine tooth color, namely, age, sex, and skin color, makes it difficult to choose the appropriate denture shade. This study aimed to analyze color differences in three maxillary anterior teeth and the correlation of maxillary central incisors with age, sex, and skin color. This was a cross-sectional study of teeth color determination using a spectrophotometer on the maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines in 84 subjects. Skin color was matched using the Wardah compact shade guide powder based on the Fitzpatrick skin color classification. Kruskal-Wallis testing revealed significant differences in the color of the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines (p < 0.05), and chi-square testing revealed significant differences in teeth color based on age (p < 0.05), although no significant differences by sex or skin color were found (p > 0.05). Color differences in the three types of maxillary anterior teeth are commonly seen. Age affects teeth color, but sex and skin color do not effect.
Applied Sciences
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between tooth shade among different groups of patients according to their age, gender, and skin color in a Saudi population. Materials and methods: Participants were divided based on age into Group 1 (10–20 years), Group 2 (21–30 years), Group 3 (31–40 years), and Group 4 (41+ years), and according to gender. Tooth shade was measured by Vita easyshade, Shade scanner, 3D Master shade system. The skin color was determined according to the Firzpatrick Scale. It consists of six shades, namely: I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. The skin complexion of the participants was divided into six categories: white/very fair, fair, light brown, moderate brown, dark brown, and black. Results: One hundred and ninety-eight individuals were recruited. Around 70% were males. Females had 25.4% A2 followed by 22% A1, and 22% A3 shade types, while males had B3 shade (18%) followed by A2 and A3 (15.8%). A statistically significant difference was obs...
Tooth shade variation in Indian population: An objective guide to age estimation
Heliyon, 2021
Introduction: The color of the teeth is affected by chronological age due to the variations of the hard and soft tissue structure of the teeth. There are very few studies have assessed the shade of the Enamel and correlated it with the age changes. Hence the study aimed to assess the enamel shade with the aging in the individual. Materials and methods: The central incisors of 388 individuals (5-78 years) were assessed for tooth color using a VITA 3D master shade guide and the Hue, Value and Chroma were noted. Mean grey values of the teeth were obtained by image manipulation using Image J software and normalized using the values obtained from the 18% contrast grey card. Chi square tests and linear regression analysis is used to find associations with age and tooth shade variations. Results: The teeth had higher score of Hue, Value and Chroma in older individuals. The tooth shade tended to shift towards redder hue with older age group. Simple linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation of age with normalized grey value in association with the shade parameters. (r ¼ 0.717, SEE ¼ 12.322 years) Conclusion: Tooth color changes with age and the mean age in grey values and shade guides can be a useful tool for age estimation.
Comparison of colour components between maxillary central incisors - an in vivo study
South African Dental Journal, 2015
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of colour in the CIE L*a*b* scale between the maxillary central incisors. Methods : The colour of the maxillary central incisors of 83 patients was measured (in vivo) using a spectrophotometer. Three measurements (6 mm diameter) at the centre of the crown of each of the maxillary central incisors were performed. Results : The total colour difference (ΔE*ab) showed wide variability with the average ΔE*ab = 1.79. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between maxillary right (11) and left central incisors (21) in both the L* and b* colour components. In the a* scale no significant difference was noted. Conclusion : Small colour differences exist between the maxillary central incisors in the same individual when evaluated with a spectrophotometer. Clinical significance : As there is often a difference between the colours of the two central incisors in the same pati...