Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Behaviours of Polyester Resin Matrix from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate with Bamboo Fibre (original) (raw)
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Open Engineering, 2022
The use of recycled polymers in natural fiber-based composites provides an additional competitive advantage with their environmentally friendly properties. This study utilizes recycled high-density polyethylene (r-HDPE) as a composite matrix with bamboo fiber reinforcement that has been treated with an alkaline process. This study aims to analyze the mechanical properties and thermal properties of r-HDPE composites manufactured by extrusion molding with different bamboo fiber loadings. The specimens were subjected to tensile and impact testing for evaluating the mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to identify thermal stability, while the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to analyze the melting point phase of each specimen. This study indicated that the tensile strength of the composites decreases with increase of fiber fraction. The composite with 0% bamboo fiber showed the highest tensile strength of 8.3 N/mm2, while the lowest tensi...
Global Journal of Material Science and Engineering, 2020
This research work aims to fabricate bamboo fabric reinforced polyester composites (BFRPCs) and investigate the mechanical and degradation properties of BFRPCs. Composite samples were prepared using hand lay-up technique. Bamboo fabric was used as reinforcement material, unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was used as matrix and Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) was used as initiator which was employed as 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4% concentration. The mechanical properties of the BFRPC samples such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM) and impact strength (IS) were conducted. The degradation behaviors of the composites in soil burial, immersed in alkaline water and saline water were also evaluated. The BFRPC sample with 2 (%) MEKP concentration showed better tensile properties with TS and TM values of 39 MPa and 744 MPa respectively. For the 1 (%) MEKP concentration, the maximum values of BS, BM and IS were found to be 62.8 MPa, 1229 MPa...
Influence of Bamboo Stem Ash on Some Properties of Polyester Matrix
This work investigated the influence of bamboo stem ash reinforcement on some properties of polyester matrix composites. Open mold technique was used for production of the polyester composites of 2, 4, 6, and 8wt % reinforcement. The density of the unreinforced polyester obtained is 1.190 g/cm 3 while the values obtained from the composites are 1.194, 1.191, 1.185 and 1.182 g/cm 3. The bamboo stem ash has no significant effect on the density of the polyester (matrix) since they have nearly the same density. The percentage porosity of the unreinforced polyester is 0.84 but the percentage porosity of the composites is 0.17, 0.084, 0.17 and 0.25 %. The influence of the bamboo stem ash on the polyester reduces the porosity of the composites. The polyester matrix composites produced exhibit the same stress-strain deformation behavior as the unreinforced polyester irrespective of the reinforcement weight percent. The average tensile strength of the unreinforced polyester (B0) is 12, while that of the composites being 17.8, 16, 15.7 and 14 MPa. The composition 2% RHA gave the optimum tensile strength. The result obtained reveals that the more the reinforcement the lower the tensile strength of the composite. Likewise, the fracture toughness of the unreinforced polyester is 0.032 MPam 1/2 , the values of the fracture toughness of the composites is 0.058, 0.045, 0.04, and 0.042 MPam 1/2. The optimum value of the fracture toughness obtained is also at 2 wt% reinforcement of bamboo stem ash. As the reinforcement increases, the fracture toughness decreases. The strain energy of the unreinforced polyester is 0.45 J whereas the values obtained for the composites are 0.45, 1.5, 1.0, 0.7 and 0.63 J. The highest energy that can be stored prior to deformation was obtained at the sample BS1. The strain energy decreases with increase in the reinforcement. The flexural strength of the unreinforced polyester is 27.0 MPa but the flexural strength of the composites produced is 28.2, 29.3, 29.5 and 29.3 MPa. The optimum flexural strength was attained at 29.5 MPa by sample with the composition 6 wt% bamboo stem ash (BS3). The flexural strength also increases with increase in weight percent of the bamboo stem ash in the composites. The bending strength of the unreinforced polyester is 3010.40 MPa whereas the bending strength of the composites formed is 3491.9, 4381.3, 5945.7 and 6862.4 MPa. The bending strength of the composites increases with increase in bamboo stem ash. The water absorption by the composites increases with immersion time.
Chemical Industry, 2013
Composites based on unsaturated polyester (UPe) resins and fumed silica AEROSIL? RY 50, NY 50, RX 50 and NAX 50, as well as graphite, TiO2 or organically modified clay CLOISITE 30B were prepared in order to investigate the influence of reinforcing agents on the mechanical properties of composites. Unsaturated polyester resins were synthesized from maleic anhydride and products of glycolysis, obtained by depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with dipropylene glycol (UPe1 resin) and triethylene glycol (UPe2 resin) in the presence of tetrabutyl titanate catalyst. The obtained unsaturated polyesters were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, acid and hydroxyl values, and their mechanical properties were also examined. Significant increase of the tensile modulus, tensile strength and decrease of the elongation at break was observed for composites prepared after addition of 10 wt.% of graphite or 10 wt.% of TiO2 to the UPe resins, indicating strong interaction between matrix and ...
2019
The paper presents the effects of alkali treatment on the tensile and flexural properties of bamboo fibre/polystyrene-modified unsaturated polyester (MUP) composites. The bamboo fibres were treated using alkali (NaOH) solution with concentrations of 4, 8 and 12% (by weight). The treatment time was 0.5, 1 and 2 hours under both room and elevated temperatures (50C). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-rays diffraction were conducted for characterizing the surface chemistry, surface morphologies and the crystallinity of bamboo fibres, respectively. Under room temperature treatment, the tensile and flexural properties of bamboo fibre/MUP composites increased with increasing the alkali concentration; however, they tended to decrease at high concentration and long treatment time. Under elevated temperature treatment, the optimum tensile and flexural strengths of the treated bamboo fibre/MUP composites had been obtained at low concentration and short...
Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Bamboo/Glass Fibers Reinforced Polyester Composites
The chemical resistance of Bamboo/Glass reinforced Polyester hybrid composites to acetic acid, Nitric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium carbonate, Benzene, Toluene, Carbon tetrachloride and Water was studied. The tensile and impact properties of these composites were also studied. The effect of alkali treatment of bamboo fibers on these properties was studied. It was observed that the tensile and impact properties of the hybrid composites increase with glass fiber content. The author investigated the interfacial bonding between Glsss/Bamboo fiber composites by SEM. These properties found to be higher when alkali treated bamboo fibers were used in hybrid composites. The hybrid fiber composites showed better resistance to the chemicals mentioned above. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treatment leading to higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with alkali treatment may be responsible for these observations.
Analysis of Bamboo Fibre Composite with Polyester and Epoxy Resin
Usage of natural fibers in reinforced plastic material with natural fibers as a composite had a positive approach for the development of green composites in our day to day life. The paper deals with the study of woven bamboo natural fiber with polyester resin having 0/90 degree orientation and the bamboo natural fiber (2-4 mm length) with epoxy resin having random orientation. Tensile test was conducted on bamboo polyester resin composite whereas for bamboo epoxy resin composite, IZOD test, CHARPHY test, FTIR test and Hardness test were conducted. Both the composites i.e. Bamboo polyester resin composite and bamboo epoxy resin composite shows significant results as compared to manmade fiber composites.
Polymer Composites, 2016
Recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber has been used as reinforcing filler for unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) in order to obtain UPR/PET fiber composites. Different loadings of PET fibers (5 to phr-parts per hundred parts of resin) of different average lengths (2-3 to 20 mm) were added to the UPR. The mechanical properties of the UPR/PET fiber composites increased up to 8 phr PET fiber loading with a length lower than 5 mm, because of the high affinity between the UPR and the PET fiber surface and the good dispersion of the fiber into the matrix. However, higher PET fiber loading caused a decrease in the mechanical properties of the composites because of the agglomeration of the fibers. The UPR/PET fiber composites presented higher storage moduli than the UPR, and an increase of the glass transition temperature in the composites reinforced with 5-8 phr of short PET fiber was found; further, higher degree of crosslinking was reached. The addition of 5-8 phr PET fiber of short length improved the thermal stability of the composites and the post-curing was produced at higher temperature with much reduced enthalpy. The use of 5-8 phr PET fibers with a length lower than 5 mm was feasible for obtaining tougher UPR composites.
2013
The effects of bamboo powder filler on some mechanical properties of pure and recycled low density polyethylene (VLDPE/BP and RLDPE/BP) composites were studied. In this work, composites of LDPE (VLDPE and RLDPE) and bamboo powder (BP) were prepared by melt extrusion. Pure water sachets and Bamboo stems were sourced. Recycling of the polymer (LDPE) and the preparation of the composites were carried out using locally made Laboratory-size Agglomerating Machine (agglomerator) and Single-Screw Extrusion Machine. The results of the mechanical tests carried out on the VLDPE/BP and RLDPE/BP samples showed that the tensile strength decreased with increasing filler loading for both VLDPE/BP and RLDPE/BP composites. Also the stiffness (Young’s Modulus) of the composites increased with increasing filler loading for both VLDPE/BP and RLDPE/BP composites. These results produced materials with lower void content that decreased the water sorption level with slight increase in the specific gravity o...
Proceedings of Malikussaleh International Conference on Multidisciplinary Studies (MICoMS)
This article presents the results of investigations on composite materials reinforced with natural fibers from bamboo trees with variations in fiber direction. Because of the promising potential of the bamboo plant where its availability is abundant and sustainable, research on the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber is still very interesting to do to gain the maximum of it potential. Bamboo fiber is extracted from bamboo stems by beating. Treatment with soaking in 5% alkaline for 120 minutes was carried out before the specimen was made using an epoxy resin matrix. The process of making composite materials is carried out using the resin infusion method. Composition Specimens were prepared with a volume fraction of 40% and 60% for resin and fiber, respectively. And variations in fiber direction are set at 30, 45, and 60 degrees. The characteristics of the mechanical properties were obtained by testing the dance using a universal testing machine, while the bond characteristics betw...