Exploring various Silver Nanoparticles and Nanotechnology (original) (raw)
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Pharmaceutical aspects of silver nanoparticles
Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology
Silver nanoparticles are particles in the size ranging between 1 and 100 nm. The two major methods used for synthesis of silver nanoparticle are the physical and chemical methods with the disadvantage that they are expensive and can also have toxicity. Biological method is being used as an expedient alternative, as this approach is environment-friendly and less toxic and it includes plant extracts, microorganism, fungi, etc. The major applications of silver nanoparticles in the medical field include diagnostic applications and therapeutic applications, apart from its antimicrobial activity. Due to their nanotoxicity, AgNPs have a several drawbacks too. This review presents a complete view of the mechanism of action, synthesis, the pharmacokinetics of silver nanoparticles, different formulations of AgNPs used in biomedical applications, infertility management, antibacterial effects, skin damage, burns, cancer treatment, etc. and various applications of silver nanoparticles together with the possible toxicological challenge.
Pure and Applied Biology, 2022
Nanotechnology is gaining popularity, because of its wide use in every field. Nanotechnology is continuously improving medical advancements. Nanoparticles can be engineered for their biocompatibility, size, shape and selectivity. Silver Nanoparticles have been extensively used by researchers because of their unique and wide properties such as size, shape, electrical properties and antimicrobial. Due to these properties silver nanoparticles have been used almost in every field from engineering to chemical and biological. Just like their properties, silver nanoparticles can be synthesize by various method including physical (Gamma Irradiation, Laser ablation and electron irradiation, microwave processing), chemical (chemical reduction and photochemical method) and biological. Due to the less toxicity, the use of silver Nanoparticles in life sciences has been increasing. The aim of the following review is to discuss the various methods of silver nanoparticle synthesis and their non-toxic application in the field of life sciences for the treatment of various diseases including Antibiotic resistance challenge and a tool for cancer therapy. The life sciences field will benefit from a mechanistic understanding of SNP therapeutic activities, which will aid in the development of individualized treatment and healthcare techniques for the benefit of the human population.
2016
Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly distinct physical, chemical and biological properties from their bulk counterparts. Nano-size particles of less than 100nm in diameter are currently attracting increasing attention for the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Silver nanoparticles are of silver, which are in the range of 1 and 100 nm in size. Silver nanoparticles have unique properties which help in molecular diagnostics, in therapies, as well as in devices that are used in several medical procedures. The major methods used for silver nanoparticle synthesis are the physical and chemical methods. The problem with the chemical and physical methods is that the synthesis is expensive and can also have toxic substances absorbed onto them. To overcome this, the biological method provides a feasible alternative. The major biological systems involved in this are bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts. In most...
Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver which are in the range of 1 and 100 nm in size. Silver nanoparticles have unique properties which help in molecular diagnostics, in therapies, as well as in devices that are used in several medical procedures. The major methods used for silver nanoparticle synthesis are the physical and chemical methods. The problem with the chemical and physical methods is that the synthesis is expensive and can also have toxic substances absorbed onto them. To overcome this, the biological method provides a feasible alternative. The major biological systems involved in this are bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts. The major applications of silver nanoparticles in the medical field include diagnostic applications and therapeutic applications. In most of the therapeutic applications, it is the antimicrobial property that is being majorly explored, though the anti-inflammatory property has its fair share of applications. Though silver nanoparticles are rampantly used in many medical procedures and devices as well as in various biological fields, they have their drawbacks due to nanotoxicity. This review provides a comprehensive view on the mechanism of action, production, applications in the medical field, and the health and environmental concerns that are allegedly caused due to these nanoparticles. The focus is on effective and efficient synthesis of silver nanoparticles while exploring their various prospective applications besides trying to understand the current scenario in the debates on the toxicity concerns these nanoparticles pose.
Evaluation of Biological Activities of Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles
Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015
Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the earlier reported methods. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV/Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The synthesized materials were also evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. TEM micrograph showed the spherical morphology of AgNPs with size range of 40–60 nm.The synthesized nanoparticles showed a strong antimicrobial activity and their effect depends upon bacterial strain as AgNPs exhibited greater inhibition zone forPseudomonas aeruginosa(19.1 mm) followed byStaphylococcus aureus(14.8 mm) andS. pyogenes(13.6 mm) while the least activity was observed forSalmonella typhi(12.5 mm) at concentration of 5 µg/disc. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs againstS. aureuswas 2.5 µg/disc and less than 2.5 µg/disc forP. aerugin...
Silver Nanoparticles -A Review
S ilver has been used extensively from last 5000 years for its antibacterial nature. Ag is preferred as nanoparticle for the reason that it has antibacterial property and nontoxic to human beings. Either killing or reducing the growth of bacteria without affecting surrounding cells is known as antibacterial activity. Various methods are used for preparation of silver nanoparticles like physical, chemical and biological. Demand of silver nanoparticle is increasing rapidly in many of the streams like in medical, pharmaceutical companies, healthcare, food, consumer, cosmetics etc. Due to its uses it has been used for its several applications like antibacterial properties, household, medical devices, and food industry, wound dressing, in diagnostic, orthopaedics and an anticancer agent. [1] These nano-sized particles are found to be in unique in nature and are also able to change their physical, chemical and biological property that's why they can be exploited in for various purposes. Various methods are used for the synthesis of these AgNP to fulfil the requirements of AgNPs. [2] Normally, physical and chemical methods are found to be costly and dangerous. But the nanoparticles that are prepared from biological method they show high yield, high solubility as well as high stability. Out of all three methods biological method is found to be simple, environmental, commercial and single step method and doesn't need elevated temperature, pressure, force and deadly chemicals. [3] Differ-Demand of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is increasing rapidly in many of the streams like in medical, pharmaceutical companies, healthcare, food, consumer, cosmetics etc. Due to its uses it has been used for its several applications like antibacterial properties, household, medical devices, and food industry, wound dressing, in diagnostic, orthopaedics and an anticancer agent. These nano-sized particles are found to be in unique in nature and are also able to change their `physical, chemical and biological property that's why they can be exploited in for various purposes. Methods for preparation for preparation of AgNPs are physical, chemical and biological.. Out of all three methods biological method is found to be simple, environmental, commercial and single step method and doesn't need elevated temperature, pressure, force and deadly chemicals. Before application of nanoparticles in any of the purpose like medicine, human welfare, or in healthcare industry, it is very important to characterize the prepared nanoparticles so as to check the safety issue of any of the prepared nanoparticle. Analytical techniques that are used for the analysis of this AgNPs are UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, DLS, XPS, SEM, TEM, AFM etc. AgNPs have applications like anticancer, antifungal, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer etc.
Silver nanoparticles and their applications-A comprehensive review
Pure and Applied Biology, 2022
The nanotechnology is a rapidly flourishing field with broad spectrum applications in almost every field. It has established that smaller size nanoparticles are more toxic compared to larger ones. Use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been recognized since the last couple of years. Though many commercial methods are available for their synthesis but biogenic synthesis has proven more efficient and environmentally friendly. AgNPs have shown quite interesting, useable and promising characteristics in various fields of human life. The biomedical applications of AgNPs have gained a huge interest of scientific community, and have significantly improved personalized healthcare practice (various types of surgeries, antibiotics, drug delivery formulations). It has been said that AgNPs have novel antimicrobial applications as anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, anti-fungal and anti-viral agents. Strong antibacterial activity of AgNPs makes these ideal in fighting against multi drug resistant bacteria (MDR). Similarly, AgNPs also have proven their potential in agriculture field, environment and industrial sector. This review aims to provide an insight on biogenic synthesis and characterization of AgNPs alongwith applications in everyday life from economical, commercial and industrial perspective. Due to easy synthesis and wider availability of AgNPs, they are being considered as important constituent in the preparation of different commercially and bio-medically useful products alongwith enormous use in food packaging system for longer shelf life and prevention of spilage.
Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are one of the most frequently used nanomaterials because of their antimicrobial properties. It can be prepared by physicochemical and biological method. Silver ions has toxic effects on many pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Because of relatively low toxicity of SNPs in humans, it has been used in various medical applications. Decrease in particle size of silver nanoparticles may leads to increase in antibacterial activity which has been associated with the increasing surface area to mass ratio. As various diseases is triggered by these microorganism so pharmacological evaluation of silver nanoparticles may be fruitful in those disease which occurs due to bacteria, fungi and virus. The present review deals with various method of preparation and reported preclinical activity of silver and its derivatives.
Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015
The invited review covers different research areas of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), including the synthesis strategies of AgNPs, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of AgNPs, osteoconductive and osteoinductive activities of AgNP-based materials, and potential toxicity of AgNPs. The potential mechanisms of AgNP’s biological efficacy as well as its potential toxicity are discussed as well. In addition, the current development of AgNP applications, especially in the area of therapeutics, is also summarized.
Silver nanoparticles and its potential applications: A review
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018
Silver nanoparticles have gained major interest because of their wide potential applications. Silver nanoparticles cause less toxicity to human health but, highly toxic to microorganisms. Due to this, silver nanoparticles have found good applications in biomedical, antimicrobial, catalysis, human health and environmental remediation etc. Silver nanoparticles are extensively used for biomedical applications due to the antimicrobials, bio-detection and labelling, bio-magnetic separations, drug delivery, imaging, bone cement, therapeutics etc. Silver nanoparticles as a result of their excellent optical and electronic properties are promising catalytic materials for various applications. Some applications are in automotive catalyst, membranes, fuel cells, photocatalysts, propellants, scratch-resistant coatings, structural ceramics and solar cells, organic dyes degradation and chemo-catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4aminophenol (4-AP). Silver nanoparticles also have applica...