Determination of Hospital Waste Composition and Management in (original) (raw)
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Determination of Hospital Waste Composition and Management in Amol City, Iran
Health Scope, 2012
The content of this article is useful for management of hospital wastes and selection of proper method to disposal of hazardous wastes by ministry of health. Background: Hospital wastes are potentially hazardous and infectious to humans and the environment; therefore, hospitals must manage and dispose of their waste properly. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the composition and management of waste in the north of Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the status and composition of hospital wastes generated in three hospitals in Amol City (located in the north of Iran). During the study a total of three samples (a sample per month) were selected and analyzed for waste ingredients in each hospital. Some of the data was gathered by hospital personnel who completed questionnaire. Results: Based on this study's findings the average rate of hospital waste generation was 3.1 kg/bed per day, of this 48.5% was non-hazardous and 51.5% was hazardous waste. In our study, the minimum and maximum component percentage of hospital wastes was for metal (1.07%) and paper (17.9%), respectively. Conclusions: Based on the findings obtained, the rate of total waste generation in the Amol Hospital is similar in range to that of other Iranian hospitals, however, the hazardous fraction of this waste was high in comparison to other previous studies, and this is probably due to improper separation and management of the waste materials.
Parandeh M, Khanjani N. The Quantity and Quality of Hospital Waste in Kerman Province and an Overview of Hospital Waste quantities in Iran. World Journal of Applied Sciences, 2012; 17(4):473-479.
Introduction: Hospital waste is one of the most dangerous environmental contaminants. Several studies have shown that although hospital waste disposal has improved in comparison to the past, but it is still not satisfactory in many developing countries. In this study we intent to study the quantity and quality of hospital waste in Kerman Province, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by completing a standard questionnaire designed at the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education for evaluation of hospital waste. Results: The results of this study showed that in Kerman Province, 7893 kg hospital waste is produced daily which is 3.80 kg/occupied bed. The amount of infectious waste produced in the province is 1.46 kg/day/bed and ranged from 0.67 to 3.43 in other Iranian hospitals. 37.9 percent of all hospital waste in urban Kerman and 38.6 in the province was infectious waste and shows a slight improvement in comparison to the past. Some of the rules of hospital waste disposal were still not practiced in some of the Province hospitals. Conclusion: In comparison to the past, hospital waste is now disposed better, but still direct and frequent surveillance of hospital waste is necessary and should be a priority for health authorities in Iran.
Results of a hospital waste survey in private hospitals in Fars province, Iran
Waste management, 2004
Hospital waste is considered dangerous because it may possess pathogenic agents and can cause undesirable effects on human health and the environment. In Iran, neither rules have been compiled nor does exact information exist regarding hospital waste management. The survey presented in this article was carried out in all 15 private hospitals of Fars province (Iran) from the total numbers of 50 governmental and private hospitals located in this province, in order to determine the amount of different kinds of waste produced and the present situation of waste management. The results indicated that the waste generation rate is 4.45 kg/bed/ day, which includes 1830 kg (71.44%) of domestic waste, 712 kg (27.8%) of infectious waste, and 19.6 kg (0.76%) of sharps. Segregation of the different types of waste is not carried out perfectly. Two (13.3%) of the hospitals use containers without lids for onsite transport of wastes. Nine (60%) of the hospitals are equipped with an incinerator and six of them (40%) have operational problems with the incinerators. In all hospitals municipal workers transport waste outside the hospital premises daily or at the most on alternative days. In the hospitals under study, there aren't any training courses about hospital waste management and the hazards associated with them. The training courses that are provided are either ineffective or unsuitable. Performing extensive studies all over the country, compiling and enacting rules, establishing standards and providing effective personnel training are the main challenges for the concerned authorities and specialists in this field. #
Hospital Waste Generation and Management Status in Rasht, North of Iran
Background: We aimed to evaluate the quantity of waste generation and quality of hospital waste management among all hospitals in Rasht, North of Iran. Methods: In this hospital-based cross sectional study all 16 hospitals in city of Rasht were evaluated. The questionnaire included information about general characteristics of hospital, daily amount of hospital waste, and the structure of waste management. The mean generation of hospital wastes were calculated as per capita rate measured in kg per bed per day for different kinds of wastes. Results: The mean weight of total hospital waste was 4.46 kg/bed/day (95%CI: 3.32-5.59) including 2.76 kg/bed/day (95%CI: 2.02-3.51) general wastes and 1.69 kg/bed/day (95%CI: 1.14-2.24) hazardous wastes. The hazardous wastes comprised 36% of total hospital wastes. All hospital adhered to safe management of wastes including segregation (100%), equipment with treatment technologies (100%), having suitable temporal storage place (100%), and storage for less than 24 hours in temporal place (69%). Conclusion: The percentage of hazardous hospital waste was higher than estimated percentage by world health organization. Regarding to observing safe management of wastes in all hospitals, there is a need to give more attention to sustainable development of hospital wastes in the acquisition and use of resources.
Investigation of hospital solid waste management in Iran
World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 2015
In Iran, little information is available regarding generation, composition, handling and disposal of hospital waste. The aim of this study was to investigate of the hospital waste management in 44 public hospitals and 15 specialised hospitals in 13 provinces of Iran. This study was an observational-cross-sectional interview and data collected method field. The results showed that a per capita rate of hospital wastes in Iran is 3.16 kg per bed per day in public hospitals and 3.7 kg per bed per day in specialised hospitals. The solid waste from the public hospitals consists of general waste 56%, medical 42%, sharp 2% and in specialised hospitals general waste 63%, medical 36%, sharp 1%. The paper shows that for the most part of hospitals under study, some of the general waste was mixed with infectious waste, which was collected, transported and disposed of in a similar manner as infectious waste.
The management of medical waste is of great importance due to its potential environmental hazards and public health risks. In the past, medical waste was often mixed with municipal solid waste and disposed in residential waste landfills or improper treatment facilities in Iran. In recent years, many efforts have been made by environmental regulatory agencies and waste generators to better managing the wastes from healthcare facilities. This study was carried in 12 educational hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The goals of this study were to characterize solid wastes generated in healthcare hospitals, to report the current status of medical waste management and to provide a framework for the safe management of these wastes at the considered hospitals. The methodology was descriptive, crosssectional and consisted of the use of surveys and interviews with the authorities of the healthcare facilities and with personnel involved in the management of the wastes. The results showed that medical wastes generated in hospitals were extremely heterogeneous in composition. 42% of wastes were collected in containers and plastic bags. In 75% of hospitals, the stay-time in storage sites was about 12-24h. 92% of medical wastes of hospitals were collected by covered-trucks. In 46% of hospitals, transferring of medical wastes to temporary stations was done manually. The average of waste generation rates in the hospitals was estimated to be 4.42kg/bed/day.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Medical Wastes of Shariati Hospital in Tehran
Introduction The medical wastes include the generated wastes from health care centers, research institutes and laboratories, along with other small sources of home care wastes, such as dialysis, insulin and self-care. According to World Health Organization's (WHO's) reports, 80-85% of the wastes produced in health care centers are safe or common, and the remaining (15-20%) are considered as hazardous wastes which may have adverse effects on human health (i.e., 10% are infectious and 5% are chemical/radioactive wastes). 1 Given the potential hazardous nature of medical wastes, the disposal and safety management of these wastes is a public and occupational concern. 2 Therefore, the safe handling of medical wastes is a managerial issue which entirely needs the participation of health center staffs. 3 Hence, waste management has two crucial components. The first one is the management of various types of common and hazardous wastes generated from different sources, which must be carefully separated, collected, transmitted and disposed. The second is the effective training and supervision of the various responsible groups in the waste management system. 4 According to WHO's statistics, more than two million health workers suffer from skin-related injuries due to sharp wastes in the health care centers each year. Therefore, improvement of medical wastes management could be carried out through national regulation, internal management system, safety training programs, ensuring personnel safety, creating programs for estimating the amount of produced wastes and evaluating the disposal methods. 5 Many researches
Certain hospital waste management practices in isfahan, iran
International journal of preventive medicine, 2012
Infected hospital wastes are among hazardous wastes, and special treatment methods are needed for their disposal. Having information about present status of medical waste management systems is of great importance in finding weak, and for future planning. Such studies have not been done for most of the hospitals in Iran. This paper reports the results of a study on the present status of medical waste management in Isfahan hospitals. A ten page researcher made questionnaire was used to collect data in terms of collection, transportation, segregation, treatment and disposal. For assessment of autoclaves, standard tests including TST (Time, Steam, and Temperature) strip test and spore tests were used. Samples were made of stack gases of incinerators. Quantity and composition of hospital wastes in Isfahan were also measured manually. Of all wastes in selected hospitals, 40% were infected wastes (1.59 kg/day/bed), which is 15 to 20% higher than World Health Organization (WHO) standards. T...
Survey of Hospital Solid Waste Management in North of Iran
International Journal of Hospital Research
Background and Objectives Continuous development of health systems and the growing access of community to medical centers have resulted in escalating production of healthcare-related waste. Hospital waste often contains infectious and/or poisonous materials whose contact with soil, water, and air will contaminate environment. 1 Pollution of environment by hospital waste is a potential source of prevalence of various types of diseases and epidemics. Thus, professional management of hospital waste is crucial to provide, maintain, and promote public health. 2,3 A basic prerequisite to
Waste Management & Research, 2009
Hospital waste materials pose a wide variety of health and safety hazards for patients and healthcare workers. Many of hospitals in Iran have neither a satisfactory waste disposal system nor a waste management and disposal policy. The main objective of this research was to investigate the solid waste management in the eight teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study, the main stages of hospital waste management including generation, separation, collection, storage, and disposal of waste materials were assessed in these hospitals, located in Tehran city. The measurement was conducted through a questionnaire and direct observation by researchers. The data obtained was converted to a quantitative measure to evaluate the different management components. The results showed that the waste generation rate was 2.5 to 3.01 kg bed-1 day-1 , which included 85 to 90% of domestic waste and 10 to 15% of infectious waste. The lack of separation between hazardous and non-hazardous waste, an absence of the necessary rules and regulations applying to the collection of waste from hospital wards and on-site transport to a temporary storage location, a lack of proper waste treatment, and disposal of hospital waste along with municipal garbage, were the main findings. In order to improve the existing conditions, some extensive research to assess the present situation in the hospitals of Iran, the compilation of rules and establishment of standards and effective training for the personnel are actions that are recommended.